.idea/eclipseCodeFormatter.xml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <component name="EclipseCodeFormatterProjectSettings">
     <option name="projectSpecificProfile">
       <ProjectSpecificProfile>
+        <option name="formatter" value="ECLIPSE" />
         <option name="pathToConfigFileJava" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/../newton/formatting/onshape-eclipse-general-preferences.epf" />
       </ProjectSpecificProfile>
     </option>

NOTES

@@ -1,35 +1,172 @@
-Operation/
-|-- AbstractStatementOperation
-|   |-- AbstractOperation
-|   |   |-- AbstractFilterOperation
-|   |   |   |-- CountOperation
-|   |   |   |-- DeleteOperation
-|   |   |   `-- UpdateOperation
-|   |   |-- BoundOperation
-|   |   `-- InsertOperation
-|   |-- AbstractOptionalOperation
-|   |   |-- AbstractFilterOptionalOperation
-|   |   |   |-- SelectFirstOperation
-|   |   |   `-- SelectFirstTransformingOperation
-|   |   `-- BoundOptionalOperation
-|   `-- AbstractStreamOperation
-|       |-- AbstractFilterStreamOperation
-    |       |   |-- SelectOperation
-|       |   `-- SelectTransformingOperation
-|       `-- BoundStreamOperation
-|-- PreparedOperation
-|-- PreparedOptionalOperation
-`-- PreparedStreamOperation
 
 
-----
-@CompoundIndex()
-create a new col in the same table called __idx_a_b_c that the hash of the concatenated values in that order is stored, create a normal index for that (CREATE INDEX ...)
-if a query matches that set of columns then use that indexed col to fetch the desired results from that table
-could also work with .in() query if materialized view exists
-----
 
 
+
+--- Cache
+      // `E` is the type of the Entity class or one of:
+      //     - ResultSet
+      //     - ArrayTuple{N}
+      //     - Count
+      // `F` is the type argument passed to us from HelenusSession DSL and carried on via one of the
+      // Operation classes, it is going to be one of:
+      //     - ResultSet
+      //     - ArrayTuple{N}
+      //     - or a type previously registered as a HelenusEntity.
+      // In the form of a:
+      //     - Stream<?> or an
+      //     - Optional<?>
+      //
+      //     Operation/
+      //     |-- AbstractStatementOperation
+      //     |   |-- AbstractOperation
+      //     |   |   |-- AbstractFilterOperation
+      //     |   |   |   |-- CountOperation
+      //     |   |   |   |-- DeleteOperation
+      //     |   |   |   `-- UpdateOperation
+      //     |   |   |-- BoundOperation
+      //     |   |   `-- InsertOperation
+      //     |   |-- AbstractOptionalOperation
+      //     |   |   |-- AbstractFilterOptionalOperation
+      //     |   |   |   |-- SelectFirstOperation
+      //     |   |   |   `-- SelectFirstTransformingOperation
+      //     |   |   `-- BoundOptionalOperation
+      //     |   `-- AbstractStreamOperation
+      //     |       |-- AbstractFilterStreamOperation
+      //     |       |   |-- SelectOperation
+      //     |       |   `-- SelectTransformingOperation
+      //     |       `-- BoundStreamOperation
+      //     |-- PreparedOperation
+      //     |-- PreparedOptionalOperation
+      //     `-- PreparedStreamOperation
+      //
+      // These all boil down to: Select, Update, Insert, Delete and Count
+      //
+      // -- Select:
+      //    1) Select statements that contain all primary key information will be "distinct" and
+      //       result in a single value or no match.
+      //       If present, return cached entity otherwise execute query and cache result.
+      //
+      //    2) Otherwise the result is a set, possibly empty, of values that match.
+      //       When within a UOW:
+      //         If present, return the cached value(s) from the statement cache matching the query string.
+      //         Otherwise, execute query and cache the result in the statement cache and update/merge the
+      //         entites into the entity cache.
+      //    NOTE: When we read data from the database we augment the select clause with TTL and write time
+      //          stamps for all columns that record such information so as to be able to properlty expire
+      //          and merge values in the cache.
+      //
+      // -- Update:
+      //    Execute the database statement and then iff successs upsert the entity being updated into the
+      //    entity cache.
+      //
+      // -- Insert/Upsert:
+      //    Same as Update.
+      //
+      // -- Delete:
+      //    Same as update, only remove the cached value from all caches on success.
+      //
+      // -- Count:
+      //    If operating within a UOW lookup count in statement cache, if not present execute query and cache result.
+      //
+
+
+      if (delegate instanceof SelectOperation) {
+        SelectOperation<E> op = (SelectOperation<E>) delegate;
+
+        // Determine if we are caching and if so where.
+        AbstractCache<CacheKey, Set<E>> cache = delegate.getCache();
+        boolean prepareStatementForCaching = cache != null;
+        if (uow != null) {
+          prepareStatementForCaching = true;
+          cache = uow.<Set<E>>getCacheEnclosing(cache);
+        }
+
+        // The delegate will provide the cache key becuase it will either be:
+        //  a) when distinct: the combination of the partition/cluster key columns
+        //  b) otherwise: the table name followed by the portion of the SQL statement that would form the WHERE clause
+        CacheKey key = (cache == null) ? null : delegate.getCacheKey();
+        if (key != null && cache != null) {
+          Set<E> value = cache.get(key);
+          if (value != null) {
+            // Select will always return a Stream<E>
+            // TODO(gburd): SelectTransforming... apply fn here?
+            result = (E) value.stream();
+            if (cacheHitCounter != null) {
+              cacheHitCounter.inc();
+            }
+            if (log != null) {
+              log.info("cache hit");
+            }
+            return result;
+          } else {
+            if (cacheMissCounter != null) {
+              cacheMissCounter.inc();
+            }
+            if (log != null) {
+              log.info("cache miss");
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+
+
+          if (cache != null) {
+            Object obj = delegate.unwrap(result);
+            if (obj != null) {
+              cache.put(key, obj);
+            }
+
+            delegate.<E>extract(result, key, cache);
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+
+
+// TODO: first, ask the delegate for the cacheKey
+// if this is a SELECT query:
+//  if not in cache build the statement, execute the future, cache the result, transform the result then cache the transformations
+// if INSERT/UPSERT/UPDATE
+// if DELETE
+// if COUNT
+----------------------------
+
+  @Override
+  public CacheKey getCacheKey() {
+
+    List<String>keys = new ArrayList<>(filters.size());
+    HelenusEntity entity = props.get(0).getEntity();
+
+    for (HelenusPropertyNode prop : props) {
+      switch(prop.getProperty().getColumnType()) {
+        case PARTITION_KEY:
+        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
+
+          Filter filter = filters.get(prop.getProperty());
+          if (filter != null) {
+            keys.add(filter.toString());
+          } else {
+            // we're missing a part of the primary key, so we can't create a proper cache key
+            return null;
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // We've past the primary key components in this ordered list, so we're done building
+          // the cache key.
+          if (keys.size() > 0) {
+            return new CacheKey(entity, Joiner.on(",").join(keys));
+          }
+          return null;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+---------------------------
+
     // TODO(gburd): create a statement that matches one that wasn't prepared
     //String key =
     //    "use " + preparedStatement.getQueryKeyspace() + "; " + preparedStatement.getQueryString();
@@ -38,6 +175,64 @@ could also work with .in() query if materialized view exists
     //}
 
 
+------------------------
+package net.helenus.core.operation;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSetFuture;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+import com.google.common.cache.RemovalListener;
+import com.google.common.cache.RemovalNotification;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public abstract class AbstractCache<K, V> {
+  final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
+  public Cache<K, V> cache;
+
+  public AbstractCache() {
+    RemovalListener<K, V> listener =
+            new RemovalListener<K, V>() {
+              @Override
+              public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<K, V> n) {
+                if (n.wasEvicted()) {
+                  String cause = n.getCause().name();
+                  logger.info(cause);
+                }
+              }
+            };
+
+      cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+                      .maximumSize(10_000)
+                      .expireAfterAccess(20, TimeUnit.MINUTES)
+                      .weakKeys()
+                      .softValues()
+                      .removalListener(listener)
+                      .build();
+  }
+
+    V get(K key) {
+        return cache.getIfPresent(key);
+    }
+
+    void put(K key, V value) {
+        cache.put(key, value);
+    }
+}
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cache entites (2 methods) marked @Cacheable
+cache entites in txn context
+cache results when .cache() chained before .{a}sync() call, return a EvictableCacheItem<E> that has an .evict() method
+fix txn .andThen() chains
+
+
 
 
 primitive types have default values, (e.g. boolean, int, ...) but primative wrapper classes do not and can be null (e.g. Boolean, Integer, ...)
@@ -177,26 +372,3 @@ begin:
 			    cache.put
             }
 			*/
-------------------
-
-InsertOperation
-
-
-		Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
-		boolean includesNonIdentityValues = values.stream().map(t -> {
-					ColumnType type = t._1.getProperty().getColumnType();
-					return !((type == ColumnType.PARTITION_KEY) || (type == ColumnType.CLUSTERING_COLUMN));
-				})
-				.reduce(false, (acc, t) -> acc || t);
-		if (resultType == iface) {
-			if (values.size() > 0 && includesNonIdentityValues) {
-				boolean immutable = iface.isAssignableFrom(Drafted.class);
--------------------
-
-    final Object value;
-    if (method.getParameterCount() == 1 && args[0] instanceof Boolean && src instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
-      value = ((ValueProviderMap)src).get(methodName, (Boolean)args[0]);
-    } else {
-      value = src.get(methodName);
-    }
---------------------

bin/deploy.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/bash
 
 mvn clean jar:jar javadoc:jar source:jar deploy -Prelease 

bin/format.sh

@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/bash
 
-if [ "X$1" == "Xall" ]; then
 for f in $(find ./src -name \*.java); do
   echo Formatting $f
   java -jar ./lib/google-java-format-1.3-all-deps.jar --replace $f
 done
-else
-  for file in $(git status --short | awk '{print $2}'); do
-    echo $file
-    java -jar ./lib/google-java-format-1.3-all-deps.jar --replace $file
-  done
-fi
 

bin/sign.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/bash
 
 mvn clean jar:jar javadoc:jar source:jar install -Prelease

build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// gradle wrapper
+// ./gradlew clean generateLock saveLock
+// ./gradlew compileJava
+// ./gradlew run
+// ./gradlew run --debug-jvm
+// ./gradlew publishToMavenLocal
+
+
+buildscript {
+    ext {}
+    repositories {
+        jcenter()
+        mavenLocal()
+        mavenCentral()
+        maven { url "https://clojars.org/repo" }
+        maven { url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/" }
+    }
+    dependencies {
+        classpath 'com.netflix.nebula:gradle-dependency-lock-plugin:4.+'
+        classpath 'com.uber:okbuck:0.19.0'
+    }
+}
+
+apply plugin: 'java'
+apply plugin: 'idea'
+apply plugin: 'eclipse'
+apply plugin: 'java-library'
+apply plugin: 'maven-publish'
+apply plugin: 'com.uber.okbuck'
+apply plugin: 'nebula.dependency-lock'
+
+task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
+    gradleVersion = '4.0.2'
+}
+
+jar {
+    baseName = 'helenus'
+    group = 'net.helenus'
+    version = '2.0.17-SNAPSHOT'
+}
+
+description = """helenus"""
+
+sourceCompatibility = 1.8
+targetCompatibility = 1.8
+tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
+    options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
+}
+
+configurations.all {
+}
+
+repositories {
+    jcenter()
+    mavenLocal()
+    mavenCentral()
+    maven { url "file:///Users/gburd/ws/helenus/lib" }
+    maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots" }
+    maven { url "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2" }
+}
+dependencies {
+    compile group: 'com.datastax.cassandra', name: 'cassandra-driver-core', version: '3.3.0'
+    compile group: 'org.aspectj', name: 'aspectjrt', version: '1.8.10'
+    compile group: 'org.aspectj', name: 'aspectjweaver', version: '1.8.10'
+    compile group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-lang3', version: '3.6'
+    compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-core', version: '4.3.10.RELEASE'
+    compile group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '20.0'
+    compile group: 'com.diffplug.durian', name: 'durian', version: '3.+'
+    compile group: 'io.zipkin.java', name: 'zipkin', version: '1.29.2'
+    compile group: 'io.zipkin.brave', name: 'brave', version: '4.0.6'
+    compile group: 'io.dropwizard.metrics', name: 'metrics-core', version: '3.2.2'
+    compile group: 'javax.validation', name: 'validation-api', version: '2.0.0.CR3'
+    compile group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'slf4j-api', version: '1.7.1'
+
+    runtime group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'jcl-over-slf4j', version: '1.7.1'
+
+    testCompile group: 'org.codehaus.jackson', name: 'jackson-mapper-asl', version: '1.9.13'
+    testCompile group: 'com.anthemengineering.mojo', name: 'infer-maven-plugin', version: '0.1.0'
+    testCompile group: 'org.codehaus.jackson', name: 'jackson-core-asl', version: '1.9.13'
+    testCompile(group: 'org.cassandraunit', name: 'cassandra-unit', version: '3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT') {
+        exclude(module: 'cassandra-driver-core')
+    }
+    testCompile group: 'org.apache.cassandra', name: 'cassandra-all', version: '3.11.0'
+    testCompile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: '2.5'
+    testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
+    testCompile group: 'com.github.stephenc', name: 'jamm', version: '0.2.5'
+    testCompile group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-library', version: '1.3'
+    testCompile group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-core', version: '1.3'
+    testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.8.47'
+}

dependencies.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+{
+    "compile": {
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "20.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "compileClasspath": {
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "20.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "default": {
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "20.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
+            "locked": "1.7.1",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "runtime": {
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "20.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
+            "locked": "1.7.1",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "runtimeClasspath": {
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "20.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
+            "locked": "1.7.1",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "testCompile": {
+        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
+            "locked": "0.1.0",
+            "requested": "0.1.0"
+        },
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
+            "locked": "0.2.5",
+            "requested": "0.2.5"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "21.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "commons-io:commons-io": {
+            "locked": "2.5",
+            "requested": "2.5"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "junit:junit": {
+            "locked": "4.12",
+            "requested": "4.12"
+        },
+        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
+            "locked": "3.11.0",
+            "requested": "3.11.0"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
+            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
+            "locked": "2.8.47",
+            "requested": "2.8.47"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "testCompileClasspath": {
+        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
+            "locked": "0.1.0",
+            "requested": "0.1.0"
+        },
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
+            "locked": "0.2.5",
+            "requested": "0.2.5"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "21.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "commons-io:commons-io": {
+            "locked": "2.5",
+            "requested": "2.5"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "junit:junit": {
+            "locked": "4.12",
+            "requested": "4.12"
+        },
+        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
+            "locked": "3.11.0",
+            "requested": "3.11.0"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
+            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
+            "locked": "2.8.47",
+            "requested": "2.8.47"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "testRuntime": {
+        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
+            "locked": "0.1.0",
+            "requested": "0.1.0"
+        },
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
+            "locked": "0.2.5",
+            "requested": "0.2.5"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "21.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "commons-io:commons-io": {
+            "locked": "2.5",
+            "requested": "2.5"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "junit:junit": {
+            "locked": "4.12",
+            "requested": "4.12"
+        },
+        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
+            "locked": "3.11.0",
+            "requested": "3.11.0"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
+            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
+            "locked": "2.8.47",
+            "requested": "2.8.47"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
+            "locked": "1.7.7",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    },
+    "testRuntimeClasspath": {
+        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
+            "locked": "0.1.0",
+            "requested": "0.1.0"
+        },
+        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
+            "locked": "3.3.0",
+            "requested": "3.3.0"
+        },
+        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
+            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.+"
+        },
+        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
+            "locked": "0.2.5",
+            "requested": "0.2.5"
+        },
+        "com.google.guava:guava": {
+            "locked": "21.0",
+            "requested": "20.0"
+        },
+        "commons-io:commons-io": {
+            "locked": "2.5",
+            "requested": "2.5"
+        },
+        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
+            "locked": "3.2.2",
+            "requested": "3.2.2"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
+            "locked": "4.0.6",
+            "requested": "4.0.6"
+        },
+        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
+            "locked": "1.29.2",
+            "requested": "1.29.2"
+        },
+        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
+            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
+            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
+        },
+        "junit:junit": {
+            "locked": "4.12",
+            "requested": "4.12"
+        },
+        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
+            "locked": "3.11.0",
+            "requested": "3.11.0"
+        },
+        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
+            "locked": "3.6",
+            "requested": "3.6"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
+            "locked": "1.8.10",
+            "requested": "1.8.10"
+        },
+        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
+            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
+            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
+            "locked": "1.9.13",
+            "requested": "1.9.13"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
+            "locked": "1.3",
+            "requested": "1.3"
+        },
+        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
+            "locked": "2.8.47",
+            "requested": "2.8.47"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
+            "locked": "1.7.7",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
+            "locked": "1.7.25",
+            "requested": "1.7.1"
+        },
+        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
+            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
+            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
+        }
+    }
+}

helenus-core.iml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core:3.3.2" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core:3.3.0" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.netty:netty-handler:4.0.47.Final" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.netty:netty-buffer:4.0.47.Final" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.netty:netty-common:4.0.47.Final" level="project" />
@@ -28,14 +28,16 @@
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.github.jnr:jnr-x86asm:1.0.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.github.jnr:jnr-posix:3.0.27" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.github.jnr:jnr-constants:0.9.0" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-extras:3.3.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.diffplug.durian:durian:3.4.0" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.aspectj:aspectjrt:1.8.10" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:1.8.10" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.6" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.springframework:spring-core:4.3.10.RELEASE" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: javax.cache:cache-api:1.1.0" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.google.guava:guava:20.0" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.zipkin.java:zipkin:1.29.2" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.zipkin.brave:brave:4.0.6" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.zipkin.reporter:zipkin-reporter:0.6.12" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core:3.2.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: javax.validation:validation-api:2.0.0.CR3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:1.9.13" level="project" />
@@ -114,15 +116,20 @@
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.caffinitas.ohc:ohc-core:0.4.4" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: com.github.ben-manes.caffeine:caffeine:2.2.6" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.jctools:jctools-core:1.2.1" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: ca.exprofesso:guava-jcache:1.0.4" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: commons-io:commons-io:2.5" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: junit:junit:4.12" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: com.github.stephenc:jamm:0.2.5" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.mockito:mockito-core:2.8.47" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:1.6.14" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:1.6.14" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.objenesis:objenesis:2.5" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: com.github.ben-manes.caffeine:jcache:2.5.6" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: javax.cache:cache-api:1.0.0" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: com.typesafe:config:1.3.1" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: javax.inject:javax.inject:1" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: net.spy:spymemcached:2.12.3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.1" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="RUNTIME" name="Maven: org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:1.7.1" level="project" />
   </component>

pom.xml

@@ -109,13 +109,7 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>
             <artifactId>cassandra-driver-core</artifactId>
-            <version>3.3.2</version>
+            <version>3.3.0</version>
-        </dependency>
-
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>
-            <artifactId>cassandra-driver-extras</artifactId>
-            <version>3.3.2</version>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
@@ -124,6 +118,12 @@
             <version>3.4.0</version>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
+            <version>1.8.10</version>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
             <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
@@ -142,19 +142,25 @@
             <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
         </dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
-            <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
-            <version>1.1.0</version>
-        </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
             <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
             <version>20.0</version>
         </dependency>
 
-        <!-- Metrics -->
+        <!-- Metrics and tracing -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
+            <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.29.2</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
+            <artifactId>brave</artifactId>
+            <version>4.0.6</version>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.dropwizard.metrics</groupId>
             <artifactId>metrics-core</artifactId>
@@ -211,24 +217,6 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
-
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>ca.exprofesso</groupId>
-            <artifactId>guava-jcache</artifactId>
-            <version>1.0.4</version>
-            <exclusions>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
-                </exclusion>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
-            <scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
             <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
@@ -243,6 +231,13 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.github.stephenc</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jamm</artifactId>
+            <version>0.2.5</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
             <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
@@ -264,6 +259,20 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
+        <!-- Caching -->
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.github.ben-manes.caffeine</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jcache</artifactId>
+            <version>2.5.6</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>net.spy</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spymemcached</artifactId>
+            <version>2.12.3</version>
+        </dependency>
+
         <!-- Logging -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
@@ -277,6 +286,7 @@
             <version>1.7.1</version>
             <scope>runtime</scope>
         </dependency>
+
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>

settings.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+rootProject.name = 'helenus-core'

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/querybuilder/IsNotNullClause.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +15,10 @@
  */
 package com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.CodecRegistry;
 import java.util.List;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.CodecRegistry;
+
 public class IsNotNullClause extends Clause {
 
 	final String name;

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/CreateCustomIndex.java

@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 	CreateCustomIndex(String indexName) {
 		super(indexName);
 		validateNotEmpty(indexName, "Index name");
-    validateNotKeyWord(
+		validateNotKeyWord(indexName,
-        indexName,
+				String.format("The index name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", indexName));
-        String.format(
-            "The index name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", indexName));
 		this.indexName = indexName;
 	}
 
@@ -36,22 +34,20 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 	/**
 	 * Specify the keyspace and table to create the index on.
 	 *
-   * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name.
+	 * @param keyspaceName
-   * @param tableName the table name.
+	 *            the keyspace name.
-   * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification of the column.
+	 * @param tableName
+	 *            the table name.
+	 * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification
+	 *         of the column.
 	 */
 	public CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn onTable(String keyspaceName, String tableName) {
 		validateNotEmpty(keyspaceName, "Keyspace name");
 		validateNotEmpty(tableName, "Table name");
-    validateNotKeyWord(
+		validateNotKeyWord(keyspaceName,
-        keyspaceName,
+				String.format("The keyspace name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", keyspaceName));
-        String.format(
+		validateNotKeyWord(tableName,
-            "The keyspace name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword",
+				String.format("The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
-            keyspaceName));
-    validateNotKeyWord(
-        tableName,
-        String.format(
-            "The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
 		this.keyspaceName = Optional.fromNullable(keyspaceName);
 		this.tableName = tableName;
 		return new CreateCustomIndex.CreateIndexOn();
@@ -60,15 +56,15 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 	/**
 	 * Specify the table to create the index on.
 	 *
-   * @param tableName the table name.
+	 * @param tableName
-   * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification of the column.
+	 *            the table name.
+	 * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification
+	 *         of the column.
 	 */
 	public CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn onTable(String tableName) {
 		validateNotEmpty(tableName, "Table name");
-    validateNotKeyWord(
+		validateNotKeyWord(tableName,
-        tableName,
+				String.format("The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
-        String.format(
-            "The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
 		this.tableName = tableName;
 		return new CreateCustomIndex.CreateIndexOn();
 	}
@@ -83,8 +79,7 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 
 	@Override
 	public String buildInternal() {
-    StringBuilder createStatement =
+		StringBuilder createStatement = new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ");
-        new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ");
 
 		if (ifNotExists) {
 			createStatement.append("IF NOT EXISTS ");
@@ -122,15 +117,14 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 		/**
 		 * Specify the column to create the index on.
 		 *
-     * @param columnName the column name.
+		 * @param columnName
+		 *            the column name.
 		 * @return the final CREATE INDEX statement.
 		 */
 		public SchemaStatement andColumn(String columnName) {
 			validateNotEmpty(columnName, "Column name");
-      validateNotKeyWord(
+			validateNotKeyWord(columnName,
-          columnName,
+					String.format("The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
-          String.format(
-              "The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
 			CreateCustomIndex.this.columnName = columnName;
 			return SchemaStatement.fromQueryString(buildInternal());
 		}
@@ -138,15 +132,14 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 		/**
 		 * Create an index on the keys of the given map column.
 		 *
-     * @param columnName the column name.
+		 * @param columnName
+		 *            the column name.
 		 * @return the final CREATE INDEX statement.
 		 */
 		public SchemaStatement andKeysOfColumn(String columnName) {
 			validateNotEmpty(columnName, "Column name");
-      validateNotKeyWord(
+			validateNotKeyWord(columnName,
-          columnName,
+					String.format("The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
-          String.format(
-              "The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
 			CreateCustomIndex.this.columnName = columnName;
 			CreateCustomIndex.this.keys = true;
 			return SchemaStatement.fromQueryString(buildInternal());

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/CreateMaterializedView.java

@@ -5,16 +5,12 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 
 public class CreateMaterializedView extends Create {
 
-  private final String viewName;
+	private String viewName;
 	private Select.Where selection;
 	private String primaryKey;
 	private String clustering;
 
-  public CreateMaterializedView(
+	public CreateMaterializedView(String keyspaceName, String viewName, Select.Where selection, String primaryKey,
-      String keyspaceName,
-      String viewName,
-      Select.Where selection,
-      String primaryKey,
 			String clustering) {
 		super(keyspaceName, viewName);
 		this.viewName = viewName;
@@ -28,8 +24,7 @@ public class CreateMaterializedView extends Create {
 	}
 
 	public String buildInternal() {
-    StringBuilder createStatement =
+		StringBuilder createStatement = new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW");
-        new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW");
 		if (ifNotExists) {
 			createStatement.append(" IF NOT EXISTS");
 		}

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/CreateSasiIndex.java

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ public class CreateSasiIndex extends CreateCustomIndex {
 	}
 
 	String getOptions() {
-    return "'analyzer_class': "
+		return "'analyzer_class': " + "'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer', "
-        + "'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer', "
 				+ "'case_sensitive': 'false'";
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/DropMaterializedView.java

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import com.google.common.base.Optional;
 
 public class DropMaterializedView extends Drop {
 
+	private final String itemType = "MATERIALIZED VIEW";
 	private Optional<String> keyspaceName = Optional.absent();
 	private String itemName;
 	private boolean ifExists = true;
-
 	public DropMaterializedView(String keyspaceName, String viewName) {
 		this(keyspaceName, viewName, DroppedItem.MATERIALIZED_VIEW);
 	}
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class DropMaterializedView extends Drop {
 
 	@Override
 	public String buildInternal() {
-    StringBuilder dropStatement = new StringBuilder("DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ");
+		StringBuilder dropStatement = new StringBuilder("DROP " + itemType + " ");
 		if (ifExists) {
 			dropStatement.append("IF EXISTS ");
 		}
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ public class DropMaterializedView extends Drop {
 	}
 
 	enum DroppedItem {
-    TABLE,
+		TABLE, TYPE, INDEX, MATERIALIZED_VIEW
-    TYPE,
-    INDEX,
-    MATERIALIZED_VIEW
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/config/DefaultHelenusSettings.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ package net.helenus.config;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import net.helenus.core.DslInstantiator;
 import net.helenus.core.MapperInstantiator;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.ReflectionDslInstantiator;

src/main/java/net/helenus/config/GetterMethodDetector.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ package net.helenus.config;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.Transient;
 
 public enum GetterMethodDetector implements Function<Method, Boolean> {

src/main/java/net/helenus/config/HelenusSettings.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ package net.helenus.config;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import net.helenus.core.DslInstantiator;
 import net.helenus.core.MapperInstantiator;
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractAuditedEntityDraft.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.Date;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 
 public abstract class AbstractAuditedEntityDraft<E> extends AbstractEntityDraft<E> {
@@ -33,6 +34,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractAuditedEntityDraft<E> extends AbstractEntityDraft<
 	}
 
 	public Date createdAt() {
-    return get("createdAt", Date.class);
+		return (Date) get("createdAt", Date.class);
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractEntityDraft.java

@@ -1,37 +1,26 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.google.common.primitives.Primitives;
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
+
+import com.google.common.primitives.Primitives;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DefaultPrimitiveTypes;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.Drafted;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
-import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 
 public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
+	private final Map<String, Object> backingMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 	private final MapExportable entity;
-  private final Map<String, Object> valuesMap;
+	private final Map<String, Object> entityMap;
-  private final Set<String> readSet;
-  private final Map<String, Object> mutationsMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 
 	public AbstractEntityDraft(MapExportable entity) {
 		this.entity = entity;
-    // Entities can mutate their map.
+		this.entityMap = entity != null ? entity.toMap() : new HashMap<String, Object>();
-    if (entity != null) {
-      this.valuesMap = entity.toMap(true);
-      this.readSet = entity.toReadSet();
-    } else {
-      this.valuesMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
-      this.readSet = new HashSet<String>();
-    }
 	}
 
 	public abstract Class<E> getEntityClass();
@@ -41,17 +30,16 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public <T> T get(Getter<T> getter, Class<?> returnType) {
+	protected <T> T get(Getter<T> getter, Class<?> returnType) {
 		return (T) get(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), returnType);
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public <T> T get(String key, Class<?> returnType) {
+	protected <T> T get(String key, Class<?> returnType) {
-    readSet.add(key);
+		T value = (T) backingMap.get(key);
-    T value = (T) mutationsMap.get(key);
 
 		if (value == null) {
-      value = (T) valuesMap.get(key);
+			value = (T) entityMap.get(key);
 			if (value == null) {
 
 				if (Primitives.allPrimitiveTypes().contains(returnType)) {
@@ -63,65 +51,52 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
 					return (T) type.getDefaultValue();
 				}
-      } else {
-        // Collections fetched from the valuesMap
-        if (value instanceof Collection) {
-          value = (T) SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone((Serializable) value);
-        }
 			}
 		}
 
 		return value;
 	}
 
-  public <T> Object set(Getter<T> getter, Object value) {
+	protected <T> Object set(Getter<T> getter, Object value) {
-    HelenusProperty prop = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter).getProperty();
+		return set(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), value);
-    String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+	}
-
-    HelenusValidator.INSTANCE.validate(prop, value);
 
+	protected Object set(String key, Object value) {
 		if (key == null || value == null) {
 			return null;
 		}
 
-    mutationsMap.put(key, value);
+		backingMap.put(key, value);
 		return value;
 	}
 
-  public Object set(String key, Object value) {
-    if (key == null || value == null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    mutationsMap.put(key, value);
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  public void put(String key, Object value) {
-    mutationsMap.put(key, value);
-  }
-
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public <T> T mutate(Getter<T> getter, T value) {
+	protected <T> T mutate(Getter<T> getter, T value) {
 		return (T) mutate(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), value);
 	}
 
-  public <T> T mutate(String key, T value) {
+	protected Object mutate(String key, Object value) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(key);
 
-    if (value != null) {
+		if (value == null) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
 		if (entity != null) {
-        T currentValue = this.<T>fetch(key);
+			Map<String, Object> map = entity.toMap();
-        if (!value.equals(currentValue)) {
+
-          mutationsMap.put(key, value);
+			if (map.containsKey(key) && !value.equals(map.get(key))) {
+				backingMap.put(key, value);
 				return value;
 			}
+
+			return map.get(key);
 		} else {
-        mutationsMap.put(key, value);
+			backingMap.put(key, value);
-      }
+
-    }
 			return null;
 		}
+	}
 
 	private <T> String methodNameFor(Getter<T> getter) {
 		return MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter).getProperty().getPropertyName();
@@ -133,8 +108,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
 	public Object unset(String key) {
 		if (key != null) {
-      Object value = mutationsMap.get(key);
+			Object value = backingMap.get(key);
-      mutationsMap.put(key, null);
+			backingMap.put(key, null);
 			return value;
 		}
 		return null;
@@ -144,18 +119,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 		return this.<T>reset(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), desiredValue);
 	}
 
-  private <T> T fetch(String key) {
-    T value = (T) mutationsMap.get(key);
-    if (value == null) {
-      value = (T) valuesMap.get(key);
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-
 	public <T> boolean reset(String key, T desiredValue) {
 		if (key != null && desiredValue != null) {
 			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-      T currentValue = (T) this.<T>fetch(key);
+			T currentValue = (T) backingMap.get(key);
 			if (currentValue == null || !currentValue.equals(desiredValue)) {
 				set(key, desiredValue);
 				return true;
@@ -166,37 +133,32 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
 	@Override
 	public Map<String, Object> toMap() {
-    return toMap(valuesMap);
+		return toMap(entityMap);
 	}
 
 	public Map<String, Object> toMap(Map<String, Object> entityMap) {
 		Map<String, Object> combined;
 		if (entityMap != null && entityMap.size() > 0) {
 			combined = new HashMap<String, Object>(entityMap.size());
-      for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : entityMap.entrySet()) {
+			for (String key : entityMap.keySet()) {
-        combined.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
+				combined.put(key, entityMap.get(key));
 			}
 		} else {
-      combined = new HashMap<String, Object>(mutationsMap.size());
+			combined = new HashMap<String, Object>(backingMap.size());
 		}
 		for (String key : mutated()) {
-      combined.put(key, mutationsMap.get(key));
+			combined.put(key, backingMap.get(key));
 		}
 		return combined;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public Set<String> mutated() {
-    return mutationsMap.keySet();
+		return backingMap.keySet();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public Set<String> read() {
-    return readSet;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-    return mutationsMap.toString();
+		return backingMap.toString();
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractSessionOperations.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,21 +15,26 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
 import com.google.common.collect.Table;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-import java.io.PrintStream;
+
-import java.util.List;
+import brave.Tracer;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.core.operation.Operation;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValuePreparer;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValueProvider;
 import net.helenus.support.Either;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
@@ -42,8 +46,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
 	public abstract boolean isShowCql();
 
-  public abstract boolean showValues();
-
 	public abstract PrintStream getPrintStream();
 
 	public abstract Executor getExecutor();
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
 	public PreparedStatement prepare(RegularStatement statement) {
 		try {
+			logStatement(statement, false);
 			return currentSession().prepare(statement);
 		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
 			throw translateException(e);
@@ -68,53 +71,68 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
 	public ListenableFuture<PreparedStatement> prepareAsync(RegularStatement statement) {
 		try {
+			logStatement(statement, false);
 			return currentSession().prepareAsync(statement);
 		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
 			throw translateException(e);
 		}
 	}
 
-  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement) {
+	public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, boolean showValues) {
-    return execute(statement, null, null);
+		return execute(statement, null, null, showValues);
 	}
 
-  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, Stopwatch timer) {
+	public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, Stopwatch timer, boolean showValues) {
-    return execute(statement, null, timer);
+		return execute(statement, null, timer, showValues);
 	}
 
-  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow) {
+	public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, boolean showValues) {
-    return execute(statement, uow, null);
+		return execute(statement, uow, null, showValues);
 	}
 
-  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer) {
+	public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer, boolean showValues) {
-    return executeAsync(statement, uow, timer).getUninterruptibly();
+		return executeAsync(statement, uow, timer, showValues).getUninterruptibly();
 	}
 
-  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement) {
+	public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, boolean showValues) {
-    return executeAsync(statement, null, null);
+		return executeAsync(statement, null, null, showValues);
 	}
 
-  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, Stopwatch timer) {
+	public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, Stopwatch timer, boolean showValues) {
-    return executeAsync(statement, null, timer);
+		return executeAsync(statement, null, timer, showValues);
 	}
 
-  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow) {
+	public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, boolean showValues) {
-    return executeAsync(statement, uow, null);
+		return executeAsync(statement, uow, null, showValues);
 	}
 
-  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer) {
+	public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer, boolean showValues) {
 		try {
+			logStatement(statement, showValues);
 			return currentSession().executeAsync(statement);
 		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
 			throw translateException(e);
 		}
 	}
 
+	private void logStatement(Statement statement, boolean showValues) {
+		if (isShowCql()) {
+			printCql(Operation.queryString(statement, showValues));
+		} else if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			LOG.info("CQL> " + Operation.queryString(statement, showValues));
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Tracer getZipkinTracer() {
+		return null;
+	}
+
 	public MetricRegistry getMetricRegistry() {
 		return null;
 	}
 
-  public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> uowCache) {}
+	public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> uowCache) {
+	}
 
 	RuntimeException translateException(RuntimeException e) {
 		if (e instanceof HelenusException) {
@@ -127,7 +145,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 		return null;
 	}
 
-  public void updateCache(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets) {}
+	public void updateCache(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets) {
-
+	}
-  public void cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {}
+
+	void printCql(String cql) {
+		getPrintStream().println(cql);
+	}
+
+	public void cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {
+	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractUnitOfWork.java

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.helenus.core;
+
+import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.common.base.Errors;
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.collect.HashBasedTable;
+import com.google.common.collect.Table;
+import com.google.common.collect.TreeTraverser;
+
+import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.support.Either;
+
+/** Encapsulates the concept of a "transaction" as a unit-of-work. */
+public abstract class AbstractUnitOfWork<E extends Exception> implements UnitOfWork<E>, AutoCloseable {
+
+	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractUnitOfWork.class);
+
+	private final List<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> nested = new ArrayList<>();
+	private final HelenusSession session;
+	private final AbstractUnitOfWork<E> parent;
+	private final Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> cache = HashBasedTable.create();
+	protected String purpose;
+	protected int cacheHits = 0;
+	protected int cacheMisses = 0;
+	protected int databaseLookups = 0;
+	protected Stopwatch elapsedTime;
+	protected Map<String, Double> databaseTime = new HashMap<>();
+	protected double cacheLookupTime = 0.0;
+	private List<CommitThunk> postCommit = new ArrayList<CommitThunk>();
+	private boolean aborted = false;
+	private boolean committed = false;
+
+	protected AbstractUnitOfWork(HelenusSession session, AbstractUnitOfWork<E> parent) {
+		Objects.requireNonNull(session, "containing session cannot be null");
+
+		this.session = session;
+		this.parent = parent;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addDatabaseTime(String name, Stopwatch amount) {
+		Double time = databaseTime.get(name);
+		if (time == null) {
+			databaseTime.put(name, (double) amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
+		} else {
+			databaseTime.put(name, time + amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addCacheLookupTime(Stopwatch amount) {
+		cacheLookupTime += amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addNestedUnitOfWork(UnitOfWork<E> uow) {
+		synchronized (nested) {
+			nested.add((AbstractUnitOfWork<E>) uow);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized UnitOfWork<E> begin() {
+		elapsedTime = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+		// log.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(txn::start)
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public UnitOfWork setPurpose(String purpose) {
+		this.purpose = purpose;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(int cache, int ops) {
+		if (cache > 0) {
+			cacheHits += cache;
+		} else {
+			cacheMisses += Math.abs(cache);
+		}
+		if (ops > 0) {
+			databaseLookups += ops;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public String logTimers(String what) {
+		double e = (double) elapsedTime.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS) / 1000.0;
+		double d = 0.0;
+		double c = cacheLookupTime / 1000.0;
+		double fc = (c / e) * 100.0;
+		String database = "";
+		if (databaseTime.size() > 0) {
+			List<String> dbt = new ArrayList<>(databaseTime.size());
+			for (String name : databaseTime.keySet()) {
+				double t = databaseTime.get(name) / 1000.0;
+				d += t;
+				dbt.add(String.format("%s took %,.3fms %,2.2f%%", name, t, (t / e) * 100.0));
+			}
+			double fd = (d / e) * 100.0;
+			database = String.format(", %d quer%s (%,.3fms %,2.2f%% - %s)", databaseLookups,
+					(databaseLookups > 1) ? "ies" : "y", d, fd, String.join(", ", dbt));
+		}
+		String cache = "";
+		if (cacheLookupTime > 0) {
+			int cacheLookups = cacheHits + cacheMisses;
+			cache = String.format(" with %d cache lookup%s (%,.3fms %,2.2f%% - %,d hit, %,d miss)", cacheLookups,
+					cacheLookups > 1 ? "s" : "", c, fc, cacheHits, cacheMisses);
+		}
+		String da = "";
+		if (databaseTime.size() > 0 || cacheLookupTime > 0) {
+			double dat = d + c;
+			double daf = (dat / e) * 100;
+			da = String.format(" consuming %,.3fms for data access, or %,2.2f%% of total UOW time.", dat, daf);
+		}
+		String n = nested.stream().map(uow -> String.valueOf(uow.hashCode())).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+		String s = String.format(Locale.US, "UOW(%s%s) %s in %,.3fms%s%s%s%s", hashCode(),
+				(nested.size() > 0 ? ", [" + n + "]" : ""), what, e, cache, database, da,
+				(purpose == null ? "" : " " + purpose));
+		return s;
+	}
+
+	private void applyPostCommitFunctions() {
+		if (!postCommit.isEmpty()) {
+			for (CommitThunk f : postCommit) {
+				f.apply();
+			}
+		}
+		if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			LOG.info(logTimers("committed"));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Optional<Object> cacheLookup(List<Facet> facets) {
+		String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+		Optional<Object> result = Optional.empty();
+		for (Facet facet : facets) {
+			if (!facet.fixed()) {
+				String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
+				Either<Object, List<Facet>> eitherValue = cache.get(tableName, columnName);
+				if (eitherValue != null) {
+					Object value = deleted;
+					if (eitherValue.isLeft()) {
+						value = eitherValue.getLeft();
+					}
+					result = Optional.of(value);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (!result.isPresent()) {
+			// Be sure to check all enclosing UnitOfWork caches as well, we may be nested.
+			if (parent != null) {
+				return parent.cacheLookup(facets);
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<Facet> cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {
+		Either<Object, List<Facet>> deletedObjectFacets = Either.right(facets);
+		String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+		Optional<Object> optionalValue = cacheLookup(facets);
+		if (optionalValue.isPresent()) {
+			Object value = optionalValue.get();
+
+			for (Facet facet : facets) {
+				if (!facet.fixed()) {
+					String columnKey = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
+					// mark the value identified by the facet to `deleted`
+					cache.put(tableName, columnKey, deletedObjectFacets);
+				}
+			}
+			// look for other row/col pairs that referenced the same object, mark them
+			// `deleted`
+			cache.columnKeySet().forEach(columnKey -> {
+				Either<Object, List<Facet>> eitherCachedValue = cache.get(tableName, columnKey);
+				if (eitherCachedValue.isLeft()) {
+					Object cachedValue = eitherCachedValue.getLeft();
+					if (cachedValue == value) {
+						cache.put(tableName, columnKey, deletedObjectFacets);
+						String[] parts = columnKey.split("==");
+						facets.add(new Facet<String>(parts[0], parts[1]));
+					}
+				}
+			});
+		}
+		return facets;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void cacheUpdate(Object value, List<Facet> facets) {
+		String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+		for (Facet facet : facets) {
+			if (!facet.fixed()) {
+				String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
+				cache.put(tableName, columnName, Either.left(value));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private Iterator<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> getChildNodes() {
+		return nested.iterator();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks to see if the work performed between calling begin and now can be
+	 * committed or not.
+	 *
+	 * @return a function from which to chain work that only happens when commit is
+	 *         successful
+	 * @throws E
+	 *             when the work overlaps with other concurrent writers.
+	 */
+	public PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> commit() throws E {
+		// All nested UnitOfWork should be committed (not aborted) before calls to
+		// commit, check.
+		boolean canCommit = true;
+		TreeTraverser<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
+		for (AbstractUnitOfWork<E> uow : traverser.postOrderTraversal(this)) {
+			if (this != uow) {
+				canCommit &= (!uow.aborted && uow.committed);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// log.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(txn::provisionalCommit)
+		// examine log for conflicts in read-set and write-set between begin and
+		// provisional commit
+		// if (conflict) { throw new ConflictingUnitOfWorkException(this) }
+		// else return function so as to enable commit.andThen(() -> { do something iff
+		// commit was successful; })
+
+		if (canCommit) {
+			committed = true;
+			aborted = false;
+
+			nested.forEach((uow) -> Errors.rethrow().wrap(uow::commit));
+			elapsedTime.stop();
+
+			if (parent == null) {
+				// Apply all post-commit functions, this is the outter-most UnitOfWork.
+				traverser.postOrderTraversal(this).forEach(uow -> {
+					uow.applyPostCommitFunctions();
+				});
+
+				// Merge our cache into the session cache.
+				session.mergeCache(cache);
+
+				return new PostCommitFunction(this, null);
+			} else {
+
+				// Merge cache and statistics into parent if there is one.
+				parent.mergeCache(cache);
+
+				parent.cacheHits += cacheHits;
+				parent.cacheMisses += cacheMisses;
+				parent.databaseLookups += databaseLookups;
+				parent.cacheLookupTime += cacheLookupTime;
+				for (String name : databaseTime.keySet()) {
+					if (parent.databaseTime.containsKey(name)) {
+						double t = parent.databaseTime.get(name);
+						parent.databaseTime.put(name, t + databaseTime.get(name));
+					} else {
+						parent.databaseTime.put(name, databaseTime.get(name));
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// else {
+		// Constructor<T> ctor = clazz.getConstructor(conflictExceptionClass);
+		// T object = ctor.newInstance(new Object[] { String message });
+		// }
+		return new PostCommitFunction(this, postCommit);
+	}
+
+	/* Explicitly discard the work and mark it as as such in the log. */
+	public synchronized void abort() {
+		TreeTraverser<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
+		traverser.postOrderTraversal(this).forEach(uow -> {
+			uow.committed = false;
+			uow.aborted = true;
+		});
+		// log.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(txn::abort)
+		// cache.invalidateSince(txn::start time)
+		if (!hasAborted()) {
+			elapsedTime.stop();
+			if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+				LOG.info(logTimers("aborted"));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> from) {
+		Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> to = this.cache;
+		from.rowMap().forEach((rowKey, columnMap) -> {
+			columnMap.forEach((columnKey, value) -> {
+				if (to.contains(rowKey, columnKey)) {
+					// TODO(gburd):...
+					to.put(rowKey, columnKey, Either.left(CacheUtil.merge(to.get(rowKey, columnKey).getLeft(),
+							from.get(rowKey, columnKey).getLeft())));
+				} else {
+					to.put(rowKey, columnKey, from.get(rowKey, columnKey));
+				}
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	public String describeConflicts() {
+		return "it's complex...";
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void close() throws E {
+		// Closing a AbstractUnitOfWork will abort iff we've not already aborted or
+		// committed this unit of work.
+		if (aborted == false && committed == false) {
+			abort();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean hasAborted() {
+		return aborted;
+	}
+
+	public boolean hasCommitted() {
+		return committed;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AutoDdl.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,8 +16,5 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
 public enum AutoDdl {
-  VALIDATE,
+	VALIDATE, UPDATE, CREATE, CREATE_DROP;
-  UPDATE,
-  CREATE,
-  CREATE_DROP;
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/CommitThunk.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package net.helenus.core;
+
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface CommitThunk {
+	void apply();
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/ConflictingUnitOfWorkException.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/DslInstantiator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,13 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
 import java.util.Optional;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 
 public interface DslInstantiator {
 
-  <E> E instantiate(
+	<E> E instantiate(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent, Metadata metadata);
-      Class<E> iface,
-      ClassLoader classLoader,
-      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
-      Metadata metadata);
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Filter.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,8 +15,10 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Clause;
 import java.util.Objects;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Clause;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValuePreparer;
@@ -80,21 +81,13 @@ public final class Filter<V> {
 		return new Filter<V>(node, postulate);
 	}
 
-  public static <V> Filter<V> create(
-      Getter<V> getter, HelenusPropertyNode node, Postulate<V> postulate) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(getter, "empty getter");
-    Objects.requireNonNull(postulate, "empty operator");
-    return new Filter<V>(node, postulate);
-  }
-
 	public static <V> Filter<V> create(Getter<V> getter, Operator op, V val) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter, "empty getter");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(op, "empty op");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(val, "empty value");
 
 		if (op == Operator.IN) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid usage of the 'in' operator, use Filter.in() static method");
-          "invalid usage of the 'in' operator, use Filter.in() static method");
 		}
 
 		HelenusPropertyNode node = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter);

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Getter.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Helenus.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,17 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
+
 import net.helenus.config.DefaultHelenusSettings;
 import net.helenus.config.HelenusSettings;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DslExportable;
@@ -34,15 +35,14 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class Helenus {
 
-  private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Object> dslCache =
+	private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Object> dslCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Object>();
-      new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Object>();
+	private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Metadata> metadataForEntity = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Metadata>();
-  private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Metadata> metadataForEntity =
-      new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Metadata>();
 	private static final Set<HelenusSession> sessions = new HashSet<HelenusSession>();
 	private static volatile HelenusSettings settings = new DefaultHelenusSettings();
 	private static volatile HelenusSession singleton;
 
-  private Helenus() {}
+	private Helenus() {
+	}
 
 	protected static void setSession(HelenusSession session) {
 		sessions.add(session);
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ public final class Helenus {
 	}
 
 	public static void shutdown() {
-    sessions.forEach(
+		sessions.forEach((session) -> {
-        (session) -> {
 			session.close();
 			sessions.remove(session);
 		});
@@ -82,10 +81,6 @@ public final class Helenus {
 		return new SessionInitializer(session);
 	}
 
-  public static SessionInitializer init(Session session, String keyspace) {
-    return new SessionInitializer(session, keyspace);
-  }
-
 	public static SessionInitializer init(Session session) {
 
 		if (session == null) {
@@ -111,10 +106,7 @@ public final class Helenus {
 		return dsl(iface, classLoader, Optional.empty(), metadata);
 	}
 
-  public static <E> E dsl(
+	public static <E> E dsl(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
-      Class<E> iface,
-      ClassLoader classLoader,
-      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
 			Metadata metadata) {
 
 		Object instance = null;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/HelenusSession.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,17 +17,27 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 
 import static net.helenus.core.Query.eq;
 
-import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-import com.google.common.collect.Table;
 import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import javax.cache.Cache;
+
-import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.SessionCache;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+import com.google.common.collect.Table;
+
+import brave.Tracer;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
@@ -45,68 +54,58 @@ import net.helenus.support.Fun.Tuple1;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun.Tuple2;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun.Tuple6;
 
-public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeable {
+public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeable {
+
 	public static final Object deleted = new Object();
+	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelenusSession.class);
 
 	private final Session session;
 	private final CodecRegistry registry;
 	private final ConsistencyLevel defaultConsistencyLevel;
 	private final boolean defaultQueryIdempotency;
 	private final MetricRegistry metricRegistry;
+	private final Tracer zipkinTracer;
 	private final PrintStream printStream;
+	private final Class<? extends UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkClass;
 	private final SessionRepository sessionRepository;
 	private final Executor executor;
 	private final boolean dropSchemaOnClose;
-  private final CacheManager cacheManager;
+	private final SessionCache<String, Object> sessionCache;
 	private final RowColumnValueProvider valueProvider;
 	private final StatementColumnValuePreparer valuePreparer;
 	private final Metadata metadata;
 	private volatile String usingKeyspace;
 	private volatile boolean showCql;
-  private volatile boolean showValues;
 
-  HelenusSession(
+	HelenusSession(Session session, String usingKeyspace, CodecRegistry registry, boolean showCql,
-      Session session,
+			PrintStream printStream, SessionRepositoryBuilder sessionRepositoryBuilder, Executor executor,
-      String usingKeyspace,
+			boolean dropSchemaOnClose, ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel, boolean defaultQueryIdempotency,
-      CodecRegistry registry,
+			Class<? extends UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkClass, SessionCache sessionCache,
-      boolean showCql,
+            MetricRegistry metricRegistry, Tracer tracer) {
-      boolean showValues,
-      PrintStream printStream,
-      SessionRepositoryBuilder sessionRepositoryBuilder,
-      Executor executor,
-      boolean dropSchemaOnClose,
-      ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel,
-      boolean defaultQueryIdempotency,
-      CacheManager cacheManager,
-      MetricRegistry metricRegistry) {
 		this.session = session;
 		this.registry = registry == null ? CodecRegistry.DEFAULT_INSTANCE : registry;
-    this.usingKeyspace =
+		this.usingKeyspace = Objects.requireNonNull(usingKeyspace,
-        Objects.requireNonNull(
+				"keyspace needs to be selected before creating session");
-            usingKeyspace, "keyspace needs to be selected before creating session");
 		this.showCql = showCql;
-    this.showValues = showValues;
 		this.printStream = printStream;
-    this.sessionRepository =
+		this.sessionRepository = sessionRepositoryBuilder.build();
-        sessionRepositoryBuilder == null ? null : sessionRepositoryBuilder.build();
 		this.executor = executor;
 		this.dropSchemaOnClose = dropSchemaOnClose;
 		this.defaultConsistencyLevel = consistencyLevel;
 		this.defaultQueryIdempotency = defaultQueryIdempotency;
+		this.unitOfWorkClass = unitOfWorkClass;
 		this.metricRegistry = metricRegistry;
-    this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
+		this.zipkinTracer = tracer;
+
+		if (sessionCache == null) {
+            this.sessionCache = SessionCache.<String, Object>defaultCache();
+        } else {
+		    this.sessionCache = sessionCache;
+        }
 
 		this.valueProvider = new RowColumnValueProvider(this.sessionRepository);
 		this.valuePreparer = new StatementColumnValuePreparer(this.sessionRepository);
-    this.metadata = session == null ? null : session.getCluster().getMetadata();
+		this.metadata = session.getCluster().getMetadata();
-  }
-
-  public UnitOfWork begin() {
-    return new UnitOfWork(this).begin();
-  }
-
-  public UnitOfWork begin(UnitOfWork parent) {
-    return new UnitOfWork(this, parent).begin();
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -145,20 +144,6 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		return this;
 	}
 
-  public HelenusSession showQueryValuesInLog(boolean showValues) {
-    this.showValues = showValues;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public HelenusSession showQueryValuesInLog() {
-    this.showValues = true;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public boolean showValues() {
-    return showValues;
-  }
-
 	@Override
 	public Executor getExecutor() {
 		return executor;
@@ -179,6 +164,11 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		return valuePreparer;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public Tracer getZipkinTracer() {
+		return zipkinTracer;
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public MetricRegistry getMetricRegistry() {
 		return metricRegistry;
@@ -196,36 +186,31 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 
 	@Override
 	public Object checkCache(String tableName, List<Facet> facets) {
+		List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(facets);
 		Object result = null;
-    if (cacheManager != null) {
+		for (String[] combination : facetCombinations) {
-      Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+			String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-      if (cache != null) {
+			result = sessionCache.getIfPresent(cacheKey);
-        for (String key : CacheUtil.flatKeys(tableName, facets)) {
-          result = cache.get(key);
 			if (result != null) {
 				return result;
 			}
 		}
-      }
-    }
 		return null;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {
-    if (cacheManager != null) {
 		String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-      Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+		List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(facets);
-      if (cache != null) {
+		for (String[] combination : facetCombinations) {
-        CacheUtil.flatKeys(tableName, facets).forEach(key -> cache.remove(key));
+			String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-      }
+			sessionCache.invalidate(cacheKey);
 		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void updateCache(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets) {
-    Map<String, Object> valueMap =
+		Map<String, Object> valueMap = pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
-        pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
 		List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
 		for (Facet facet : facets) {
 			if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
@@ -240,7 +225,7 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 						}
 					} else {
 						value = valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
-            if (value != null) binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
+						binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
 					}
 				}
 				if (binder.isBound()) {
@@ -252,43 +237,38 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		}
 		String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
 		List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(boundFacets);
-    replaceCachedFacetValues(pojo, tableName, facetCombinations);
+		mergeAndUpdateCacheValues(pojo, tableName, facetCombinations);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> uowCache) {
-    if (cacheManager != null) {
+		List<Either<Object, List<Facet>>> items = uowCache.values().stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
-      List<Object> items =
+		for (Either<Object, List<Facet>> item : items) {
-          uowCache
+			if (item.isRight()) {
-              .values()
+				List<Facet> facets = item.getRight();
-              .stream()
+				String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-              .filter(Either::isLeft)
+				List<String[]> combinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(facets);
-              .map(Either::getLeft)
+				for (String[] combination : combinations) {
-              .distinct()
+					String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+					sessionCache.invalidate(cacheKey);
-      for (Object pojo : items) {
+				}
+			} else {
+				Object pojo = item.getLeft();
 				HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo));
-        Map<String, Object> valueMap =
+				Map<String, Object> valueMap = pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
-            pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
 				if (entity.isCacheable()) {
 					List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
 					for (Facet facet : entity.getFacets()) {
 						if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
 							UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
 							UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-              unboundFacet
+							unboundFacet.getProperties().forEach(prop -> {
-                  .getProperties()
-                  .forEach(
-                      prop -> {
 								if (valueMap == null) {
-                          Object value =
+									Object value = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop,
-                              BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop);
+											false);
 									binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
 								} else {
-                          Object v = valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
+									binder.setValueForProperty(prop, valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName()).toString());
-                          if (v != null) {
-                            binder.setValueForProperty(prop, v.toString());
-                          }
 								}
 							});
 							if (binder.isBound()) {
@@ -298,66 +278,78 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 							boundFacets.add(facet);
 						}
 					}
+					// NOTE: should equal `String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);`
 					List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(boundFacets);
 					String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(boundFacets);
-          replaceCachedFacetValues(pojo, tableName, facetCombinations);
+					mergeAndUpdateCacheValues(pojo, tableName, facetCombinations);
-        }
-      }
-
-      List<List<Facet>> deletedFacetSets =
-          uowCache
-              .values()
-              .stream()
-              .filter(Either::isRight)
-              .map(Either::getRight)
-              .collect(Collectors.toList());
-      for (List<Facet> facets : deletedFacetSets) {
-        String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-        Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
-        if (cache != null) {
-          List<String> keys = CacheUtil.flatKeys(tableName, facets);
-          keys.forEach(key -> cache.remove(key));
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-  private void replaceCachedFacetValues(
+	private void mergeAndUpdateCacheValues(Object pojo, String tableName, List<String[]> facetCombinations) {
-      Object pojo, String tableName, List<String[]> facetCombinations) {
+		Object merged = null;
-    if (cacheManager != null) {
 		for (String[] combination : facetCombinations) {
 			String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-        Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+			Object value = sessionCache.get(cacheKey);
-        if (cache != null) {
+			if (value == null) {
-          if (pojo == null || pojo == HelenusSession.deleted) {
+				sessionCache.put(cacheKey, pojo);
-            cache.remove(cacheKey);
 			} else {
-            cache.put(cacheKey, pojo);
+				if (merged == null) {
+					merged = pojo;
+				} else {
+					merged = CacheUtil.merge(value, pojo);
+				}
+				sessionCache.put(cacheKey, merged);
 			}
 		}
 	}
-    }
-  }
-
-  public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
-    return cacheManager;
-  }
 
 	public Metadata getMetadata() {
 		return metadata;
 	}
 
+	public UnitOfWork begin() {
+		return this.begin(null);
+	}
+
+	public synchronized UnitOfWork begin(UnitOfWork parent) {
+		StringBuilder purpose = null;
+		if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			StackTraceElement[] trace = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+			int frame = 2;
+			if (trace[2].getMethodName().equals("begin")) {
+				frame = 3;
+			}
+			purpose = new StringBuilder().append(trace[frame].getClassName()).append(".")
+					.append(trace[frame].getMethodName()).append("(").append(trace[frame].getFileName()).append(":")
+					.append(trace[frame].getLineNumber()).append(")");
+		}
+		try {
+			Class<? extends UnitOfWork> clazz = unitOfWorkClass;
+			Constructor<? extends UnitOfWork> ctor = clazz.getConstructor(HelenusSession.class, UnitOfWork.class);
+			UnitOfWork uow = ctor.newInstance(this, parent);
+			if (LOG.isInfoEnabled() && purpose != null) {
+				uow.setPurpose(purpose.toString());
+			}
+			if (parent != null) {
+				parent.addNestedUnitOfWork(uow);
+			}
+			return uow.begin();
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException
+				| IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new HelenusException(
+					String.format("Unable to instantiate {} as a UnitOfWork.", unitOfWorkClass.getSimpleName()), e);
+		}
+	}
+
 	public <E> SelectOperation<E> select(E pojo) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(
+		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
-        pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
 		ColumnValueProvider valueProvider = getValueProvider();
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(pojo);
 		Class<?> entityClass = entity.getMappingInterface();
 
-    return new SelectOperation<E>(
+		return new SelectOperation<E>(this, entity, (r) -> {
-        this,
-        entity,
-        (r) -> {
 			Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, valueProvider, entity);
 			return (E) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
 		});
@@ -368,10 +360,7 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		ColumnValueProvider valueProvider = getValueProvider();
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(entityClass);
 
-    return new SelectOperation<E>(
+		return new SelectOperation<E>(this, entity, (r) -> {
-        this,
-        entity,
-        (r) -> {
 			Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, valueProvider, entity);
 			return (E) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
 		});
@@ -381,22 +370,13 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		return new SelectOperation<Fun.ArrayTuple>(this);
 	}
 
-  public <E> SelectOperation<E> selectAll(Class<E> entityClass) {
+	public SelectOperation<Row> selectAll(Class<?> entityClass) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(entityClass, "entityClass is empty");
-    HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(entityClass);
+		return new SelectOperation<Row>(this, Helenus.entity(entityClass));
-
-    return new SelectOperation<E>(
-        this,
-        entity,
-        (r) -> {
-          Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, valueProvider, entity);
-          return (E) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
-        });
 	}
 
 	public <E> SelectOperation<Row> selectAll(E pojo) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(
+		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
-        pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(pojo);
 		return new SelectOperation<Row>(this, entity);
 	}
@@ -411,8 +391,7 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 
 		HelenusPropertyNode p1 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter1);
-    return new SelectOperation<Tuple1<V1>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Tuple1<V1>>(this, new Mappers.Mapper1<V1>(getValueProvider(), p1), p1);
-        this, new Mappers.Mapper1<V1>(getValueProvider(), p1), p1);
 	}
 
 	public <V1, V2> SelectOperation<Tuple2<V1, V2>> select(Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2) {
@@ -421,12 +400,12 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 
 		HelenusPropertyNode p1 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter1);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p2 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter2);
-    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple2<V1, V2>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple2<V1, V2>>(this, new Mappers.Mapper2<V1, V2>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2),
-        this, new Mappers.Mapper2<V1, V2>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2), p1, p2);
+				p1, p2);
 	}
 
-  public <V1, V2, V3> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>> select(
+	public <V1, V2, V3> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>> select(Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2,
-      Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3) {
+			Getter<V3> getter3) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -434,12 +413,12 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		HelenusPropertyNode p1 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter1);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p2 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter2);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p3 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter3);
-    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>>(this,
-        this, new Mappers.Mapper3<V1, V2, V3>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3), p1, p2, p3);
+				new Mappers.Mapper3<V1, V2, V3>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3), p1, p2, p3);
 	}
 
-  public <V1, V2, V3, V4> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>> select(
+	public <V1, V2, V3, V4> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>> select(Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2,
-      Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4) {
+			Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -449,21 +428,12 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		HelenusPropertyNode p2 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter2);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p3 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter3);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p4 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter4);
-    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>>(this,
-        this,
+				new Mappers.Mapper4<V1, V2, V3, V4>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4), p1, p2, p3, p4);
-        new Mappers.Mapper4<V1, V2, V3, V4>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4),
-        p1,
-        p2,
-        p3,
-        p4);
 	}
 
-  public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>> select(
+	public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>> select(Getter<V1> getter1,
-      Getter<V1> getter1,
+			Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4, Getter<V5> getter5) {
-      Getter<V2> getter2,
-      Getter<V3> getter3,
-      Getter<V4> getter4,
-      Getter<V5> getter5) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -475,23 +445,12 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		HelenusPropertyNode p3 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter3);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p4 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter4);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p5 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter5);
-    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>>(this,
-        this,
+				new Mappers.Mapper5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
-        new Mappers.Mapper5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5),
-        p1,
-        p2,
-        p3,
-        p4,
-        p5);
 	}
 
-  public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>> select(
+	public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>> select(Getter<V1> getter1,
-      Getter<V1> getter1,
+			Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4, Getter<V5> getter5, Getter<V6> getter6) {
-      Getter<V2> getter2,
-      Getter<V3> getter3,
-      Getter<V4> getter4,
-      Getter<V5> getter5,
-      Getter<V6> getter6) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -505,26 +464,14 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		HelenusPropertyNode p4 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter4);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p5 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter5);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p6 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter6);
-    return new SelectOperation<Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>>(this,
-        this,
+				new Mappers.Mapper6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6), p1, p2, p3, p4,
-        new Mappers.Mapper6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6),
+				p5, p6);
-        p1,
-        p2,
-        p3,
-        p4,
-        p5,
-        p6);
 	}
 
-  public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>
+	public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>> select(
-      SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>> select(
+			Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4, Getter<V5> getter5,
-          Getter<V1> getter1,
+			Getter<V6> getter6, Getter<V7> getter7) {
-          Getter<V2> getter2,
-          Getter<V3> getter3,
-          Getter<V4> getter4,
-          Getter<V5> getter5,
-          Getter<V6> getter6,
-          Getter<V7> getter7) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -540,17 +487,9 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		HelenusPropertyNode p5 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter5);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p6 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter6);
 		HelenusPropertyNode p7 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter7);
-    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>>(
+		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>>(this,
-        this,
+				new Mappers.Mapper7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7), p1, p2,
-        new Mappers.Mapper7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>(
+				p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
-            getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7),
-        p1,
-        p2,
-        p3,
-        p4,
-        p5,
-        p6,
-        p7);
 	}
 
 	public CountOperation count() {
@@ -566,14 +505,6 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		return new UpdateOperation<ResultSet>(this);
 	}
 
-  public <E> UpdateOperation<E> update(Object pojo) {
-    if (pojo instanceof MapExportable == false) {
-      throw new HelenusMappingException(
-          "update of objects that don't implement MapExportable is not yet supported");
-    }
-    return new UpdateOperation<E>(this, pojo);
-  }
-
 	public <E> UpdateOperation<E> update(Drafted<E> drafted) {
 		if (drafted instanceof AbstractEntityDraft == false) {
 			throw new HelenusMappingException(
@@ -586,10 +517,7 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(draft.getEntityClass());
 
 		// Add all the mutated values contained in the draft.
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().forEach(property -> {
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .forEach(
-            property -> {
 			switch (property.getColumnType()) {
 				case PARTITION_KEY :
 				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
@@ -598,12 +526,10 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 					String propertyName = property.getPropertyName();
 					if (mutatedProperties.contains(propertyName)) {
 						Object value = map.get(propertyName);
-                    Getter<Object> getter =
+						Getter<Object> getter = new Getter<Object>() {
-                        new Getter<Object>() {
 							@Override
 							public Object get() {
-                            throw new DslPropertyException(
+								throw new DslPropertyException(new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
-                                new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
 							}
 						};
 						update.set(getter, value);
@@ -613,21 +539,16 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 
 		// Add the partition and clustering keys if they were in the draft (normally the
 		// case).
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().forEach(property -> {
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .forEach(
-            property -> {
 			switch (property.getColumnType()) {
 				case PARTITION_KEY :
 				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
 					String propertyName = property.getPropertyName();
 					Object value = map.get(propertyName);
-                  Getter<Object> getter =
+					Getter<Object> getter = new Getter<Object>() {
-                      new Getter<Object>() {
 						@Override
 						public Object get() {
-                          throw new DslPropertyException(
+							throw new DslPropertyException(new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
-                              new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
 						}
 					};
 					update.where(getter, eq(value));
@@ -655,8 +576,7 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 	}
 
 	public <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(T pojo) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(
+		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo,
-        pojo,
 				"supplied object must be either an instance of the entity class or a dsl for it, but cannot be null");
 		HelenusEntity entity = null;
 		try {
@@ -664,23 +584,23 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		} catch (HelenusMappingException e) {
 		}
 		if (entity != null) {
-      return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, entity.getMappingInterface(), true);
+			return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity.getMappingInterface(), true);
 		} else {
-      return this.<T>insert(pojo, null, null);
+			return this.<T>insert(pojo, null);
 		}
 	}
 
 	public <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(Drafted draft) {
-    return insert(draft.build(), draft.mutated(), draft.read());
+		return insert(draft.build(), draft.mutated());
 	}
 
-  private <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations, Set<String> read) {
+	private <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "pojo is empty");
 
 		Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo);
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(iface);
 
-    return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, read, true);
+		return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, true);
 	}
 
 	public InsertOperation<ResultSet> upsert() {
@@ -692,12 +612,11 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 	}
 
 	public <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(Drafted draft) {
-    return this.<T>upsert((T) draft.build(), draft.mutated(), draft.read());
+		return this.<T>upsert((T) draft.build(), draft.mutated());
 	}
 
 	public <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(T pojo) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(
+		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo,
-        pojo,
 				"supplied object must be either an instance of the entity class or a dsl for it, but cannot be null");
 		HelenusEntity entity = null;
 		try {
@@ -705,19 +624,19 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 		} catch (HelenusMappingException e) {
 		}
 		if (entity != null) {
-      return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, entity.getMappingInterface(), false);
+			return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity.getMappingInterface(), false);
 		} else {
-      return this.<T>upsert(pojo, null, null);
+			return this.<T>upsert(pojo, null);
 		}
 	}
 
-  private <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations, Set<String> read) {
+	private <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "pojo is empty");
 
 		Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo);
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(iface);
 
-    return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, read, false);
+		return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, false);
 	}
 
 	public DeleteOperation delete() {
@@ -738,9 +657,6 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 	}
 
 	public void close() {
-    if (session == null) {
-      return;
-    }
 
 		if (session.isClosed()) {
 			return;
@@ -771,15 +687,12 @@ public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeab
 
 		switch (entity.getType()) {
 			case TABLE :
-        execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity));
+				execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity), true);
 				break;
 
 			case UDT :
-        execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity));
+				execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity), true);
 				break;
-
-      default:
-        throw new HelenusException("Unknown entity type.");
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/HelenusValidator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +16,9 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
@@ -36,8 +37,7 @@ public enum HelenusValidator implements PropertyValueValidator {
 			try {
 				valid = typeless.isValid(value, null);
 			} catch (ClassCastException e) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+				throw new HelenusMappingException("validator was used for wrong type '" + value + "' in " + prop, e);
-            "validator was used for wrong type '" + value + "' in " + prop, e);
 			}
 
 			if (!valid) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/MapperInstantiator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Mappers.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,8 +15,10 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Row;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Row;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValueProvider;
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ import net.helenus.support.Fun;
 
 public final class Mappers {
 
-  private Mappers() {}
+	private Mappers() {
+	}
 
 	public static final class Mapper1<A> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple1<A>> {
 
@@ -57,8 +59,7 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
 		@Override
 		public Fun.Tuple2<A, B> apply(Row row) {
-      return new Fun.Tuple2<A, B>(
+			return new Fun.Tuple2<A, B>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2));
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -69,10 +70,7 @@ public final class Mappers {
 		private final HelenusProperty p2;
 		private final HelenusProperty p3;
 
-    public Mapper3(
+		public Mapper3(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        ColumnValueProvider provider,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
 				HelenusPropertyNode p3) {
 			this.provider = provider;
 			this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
@@ -82,9 +80,7 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
 		@Override
 		public Fun.Tuple3<A, B, C> apply(Row row) {
-      return new Fun.Tuple3<A, B, C>(
+			return new Fun.Tuple3<A, B, C>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
 					provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3));
 		}
 	}
@@ -97,12 +93,8 @@ public final class Mappers {
 		private final HelenusProperty p3;
 		private final HelenusProperty p4;
 
-    public Mapper4(
+		public Mapper4(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4) {
-        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p4) {
 			this.provider = provider;
 			this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
 			this.p2 = p2.getProperty();
@@ -112,27 +104,18 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
 		@Override
 		public Fun.Tuple4<A, B, C, D> apply(Row row) {
-      return new Fun.Tuple4<A, B, C, D>(
+			return new Fun.Tuple4<A, B, C, D>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3), provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4));
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4));
 		}
 	}
 
-  public static final class Mapper5<A, B, C, D, E>
+	public static final class Mapper5<A, B, C, D, E> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>> {
-      implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>> {
 
 		private final ColumnValueProvider provider;
 		private final HelenusProperty p1, p2, p3, p4, p5;
 
-    public Mapper5(
+		public Mapper5(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4, HelenusPropertyNode p5) {
-        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p4,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p5) {
 			this.provider = provider;
 			this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
 			this.p2 = p2.getProperty();
@@ -143,29 +126,19 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
 		@Override
 		public Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E> apply(Row row) {
-      return new Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>(
+			return new Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2), provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4), provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5));
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5));
 		}
 	}
 
-  public static final class Mapper6<A, B, C, D, E, F>
+	public static final class Mapper6<A, B, C, D, E, F> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>> {
-      implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>> {
 
 		private final ColumnValueProvider provider;
 		private final HelenusProperty p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6;
 
-    public Mapper6(
+		public Mapper6(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4, HelenusPropertyNode p5, HelenusPropertyNode p6) {
-        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p4,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p5,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p6) {
 			this.provider = provider;
 			this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
 			this.p2 = p2.getProperty();
@@ -177,30 +150,20 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
 		@Override
 		public Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F> apply(Row row) {
-      return new Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>(
+			return new Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2), provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4), provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
 					provider.getColumnValue(row, 5, p6));
 		}
 	}
 
-  public static final class Mapper7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>
+	public static final class Mapper7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>> {
-      implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>> {
 
 		private final ColumnValueProvider provider;
 		private final HelenusProperty p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7;
 
-    public Mapper7(
+		public Mapper7(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4, HelenusPropertyNode p5, HelenusPropertyNode p6,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p4,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p5,
-        HelenusPropertyNode p6,
 				HelenusPropertyNode p7) {
 			this.provider = provider;
 			this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
@@ -214,14 +177,10 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
 		@Override
 		public Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G> apply(Row row) {
-      return new Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>(
+			return new Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2), provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4), provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
+					provider.getColumnValue(row, 5, p6), provider.getColumnValue(row, 6, p7));
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 5, p6),
-          provider.getColumnValue(row, 6, p7));
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Operator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Ordered.java

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.util.Objects;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Ordering;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-import java.util.Objects;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.ColumnType;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/PostCommitFunction.java

@@ -2,74 +2,25 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.function.Consumer;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-
-import net.helenus.support.CheckedRunnable;
 
 public class PostCommitFunction<T, R> implements java.util.function.Function<T, R> {
-    public static final PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>  NULL_ABORT = new PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>(null, null, null, false);
-    public static final PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> NULL_COMMIT = new PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>(null, null, null, true);
 
-  private final List<CheckedRunnable> commitThunks;
+	private final UnitOfWork uow;
-  private final List<CheckedRunnable> abortThunks;
+	private final List<CommitThunk> postCommit;
-  private Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk;
-  private boolean committed;
 
-  PostCommitFunction(List<CheckedRunnable> postCommit, List<CheckedRunnable> abortThunks,
+	PostCommitFunction(UnitOfWork uow, List<CommitThunk> postCommit) {
-      Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk,
+		this.uow = uow;
-      boolean committed) {
+		this.postCommit = postCommit;
-    this.commitThunks = postCommit;
-    this.abortThunks = abortThunks;
-    this.exceptionallyThunk = exceptionallyThunk;
-    this.committed = committed;
 	}
 
-  private void apply(CheckedRunnable... fns) {
+	public void andThen(CommitThunk after) {
-      try {
-          for (CheckedRunnable fn : fns) {
-              fn.run();
-          }
-      } catch (Throwable t) {
-          if (exceptionallyThunk != null) {
-              exceptionallyThunk.accept(t);
-          }
-      }
-  }
-
-  public PostCommitFunction<T, R> andThen(CheckedRunnable... after) {
 		Objects.requireNonNull(after);
-    if (commitThunks == null) {
+		if (postCommit == null) {
-      if (committed) {
+			after.apply();
-          apply(after);
-      }
 		} else {
-        for (CheckedRunnable fn : after) {
+			postCommit.add(after);
-            commitThunks.add(fn);
 		}
 	}
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public PostCommitFunction<T, R> orElse(CheckedRunnable... after) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(after);
-    if (abortThunks == null) {
-      if (!committed) {
-          apply(after);
-      }
-    } else {
-        for (CheckedRunnable fn : after) {
-            abortThunks.add(fn);
-        }
-    }
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public PostCommitFunction<T, R> exceptionally(Consumer<? super Throwable> fn) {
-      Objects.requireNonNull(fn);
-      exceptionallyThunk = fn;
-      return this;
-  }
 
 	@Override
 	public R apply(T t) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Postulate.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Clause;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
+
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValuePreparer;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ public final class Postulate<V> {
 
 		switch (operator) {
 			case EQ :
-        return QueryBuilder.eq(
+				return QueryBuilder.eq(node.getColumnName(),
-            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
 			case IN :
 				Object[] preparedValues = new Object[values.length];
@@ -51,20 +51,20 @@ public final class Postulate<V> {
 				return QueryBuilder.in(node.getColumnName(), preparedValues);
 
 			case LT :
-        return QueryBuilder.lt(
+				return QueryBuilder.lt(node.getColumnName(),
-            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
 			case LTE :
-        return QueryBuilder.lte(
+				return QueryBuilder.lte(node.getColumnName(),
-            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
 			case GT :
-        return QueryBuilder.gt(
+				return QueryBuilder.gt(node.getColumnName(),
-            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
 			case GTE :
-        return QueryBuilder.gte(
+				return QueryBuilder.gte(node.getColumnName(),
-            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
 			default :
 				throw new HelenusMappingException("unknown filter operation " + operator);

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/PropertyValueValidator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Query.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,17 +15,20 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BindMarker;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BindMarker;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.OrderingDirection;
 
 /** Sugar methods for the queries */
 public final class Query {
 
-  private Query() {}
+	private Query() {
+	}
 
 	public static BindMarker marker() {
 		return QueryBuilder.bindMarker();

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SchemaUtil.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,14 +15,16 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.IsNotNullClause;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.*;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.Create.Options;
-import java.util.*;
+
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.ColumnType;
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class SchemaUtil {
 
-  private SchemaUtil() {}
+	private SchemaUtil() {
+	}
 
 	public static RegularStatement use(String keyspace, boolean forceQuote) {
 		if (forceQuote) {
@@ -57,31 +59,23 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 			ColumnType columnType = prop.getColumnType();
 
 			if (columnType == ColumnType.PARTITION_KEY || columnType == ColumnType.CLUSTERING_COLUMN) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+				throw new HelenusMappingException("primary key columns are not supported in UserDefinedType for "
-            "primary key columns are not supported in UserDefinedType for "
+						+ prop.getPropertyName() + " in entity " + entity);
-                + prop.getPropertyName()
-                + " in entity "
-                + entity);
 			}
 
 			try {
 				prop.getDataType().addColumn(create, prop.getColumnName());
 			} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+				throw new HelenusMappingException("invalid column name '" + prop.getColumnName() + "' in entity '"
-            "invalid column name '"
+						+ entity.getName().getName() + "'", e);
-                + prop.getColumnName()
-                + "' in entity '"
-                + entity.getName().getName()
-                + "'",
-            e);
 			}
 		}
 
 		return create;
 	}
 
-  public static List<SchemaStatement> alterUserType(
+	public static List<SchemaStatement> alterUserType(UserType userType, HelenusEntity entity,
-      UserType userType, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
+			boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
 
 		if (entity.getType() != HelenusEntityType.UDT) {
 			throw new HelenusMappingException("expected UDT entity " + entity);
@@ -90,13 +84,12 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 		List<SchemaStatement> result = new ArrayList<SchemaStatement>();
 
 		/**
-     * TODO: In future replace SchemaBuilder.alterTable by SchemaBuilder.alterType when it will
+		 * TODO: In future replace SchemaBuilder.alterTable by SchemaBuilder.alterType
-     * exist
+		 * when it will exist
 		 */
 		Alter alter = SchemaBuilder.alterTable(entity.getName().toCql());
 
-    final Set<String> visitedColumns =
+		final Set<String> visitedColumns = dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
-        dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
 
 		for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
 
@@ -113,9 +106,8 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 			}
 
 			DataType dataType = userType.getFieldType(columnName);
-      SchemaStatement stmt =
+			SchemaStatement stmt = prop.getDataType().alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(),
-          prop.getDataType()
+					optional(columnName, dataType));
-              .alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(), optional(columnName, dataType));
 
 			if (stmt != null) {
 				result.add(stmt);
@@ -166,33 +158,21 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 			}
 		}
 
-    if (p.size() == 0 && c.size() == 0)
+		return "(" + ((p.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", p) + ")" : p.get(0))
-      return "{"
+				+ ((c.size() > 0) ? ", " + ((c.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", c) + ")" : c.get(0)) : "") + ")";
-          + properties
-              .stream()
-              .map(HelenusProperty::getPropertyName)
-              .collect(Collectors.joining(", "))
-          + "}";
-
-    return "("
-        + ((p.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", p) + ")" : p.get(0))
-        + ((c.size() > 0)
-            ? ", " + ((c.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", c) + ")" : c.get(0))
-            : "")
-        + ")";
 	}
 
-  public static SchemaStatement createMaterializedView(
+	public static SchemaStatement createMaterializedView(String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
-      String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
 		if (entity.getType() != HelenusEntityType.VIEW) {
 			throw new HelenusMappingException("expected view entity " + entity);
 		}
 
+		if (entity == null) {
+			throw new HelenusMappingException("no entity or table to select data");
+		}
+
 		List<HelenusPropertyNode> props = new ArrayList<HelenusPropertyNode>();
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .stream()
-        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
 				.forEach(p -> props.add(p));
 
 		Select.Selection selection = QueryBuilder.select();
@@ -216,8 +196,8 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
 					where = where.and(new IsNotNullClause(columnName));
 
-          ClusteringColumn clusteringColumn =
+					ClusteringColumn clusteringColumn = prop.getProperty().getGetterMethod()
-              prop.getProperty().getGetterMethod().getAnnotation(ClusteringColumn.class);
+							.getAnnotation(ClusteringColumn.class);
 					if (clusteringColumn != null && clusteringColumn.ordering() != null) {
 						o.add(columnName + " " + clusteringColumn.ordering().cql());
 					}
@@ -233,12 +213,10 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 		if (o.size() > 0) {
 			clustering = "WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (" + String.join(", ", o) + ")";
 		}
-    return new CreateMaterializedView(keyspace, viewName, where, primaryKey, clustering)
+		return new CreateMaterializedView(keyspace, viewName, where, primaryKey, clustering).ifNotExists();
-        .ifNotExists();
 	}
 
-  public static SchemaStatement dropMaterializedView(
+	public static SchemaStatement dropMaterializedView(String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
-      String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
 		return new DropMaterializedView(keyspace, viewName);
 	}
 
@@ -271,15 +249,14 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
 		if (!clusteringColumns.isEmpty()) {
 			Options options = create.withOptions();
-      clusteringColumns.forEach(
+			clusteringColumns
-          p -> options.clusteringOrder(p.getColumnName().toCql(), mapDirection(p.getOrdering())));
+					.forEach(p -> options.clusteringOrder(p.getColumnName().toCql(), mapDirection(p.getOrdering())));
 		}
 
 		return create;
 	}
 
-  public static List<SchemaStatement> alterTable(
+	public static List<SchemaStatement> alterTable(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
-      TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
 
 		if (entity.getType() != HelenusEntityType.TABLE) {
 			throw new HelenusMappingException("expected table entity " + entity);
@@ -289,8 +266,7 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
 		Alter alter = SchemaBuilder.alterTable(entity.getName().toCql());
 
-    final Set<String> visitedColumns =
+		final Set<String> visitedColumns = dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
-        dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
 
 		for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
 
@@ -307,8 +283,8 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 			}
 
 			ColumnMetadata columnMetadata = tmd.getColumn(columnName);
-      SchemaStatement stmt =
+			SchemaStatement stmt = prop.getDataType().alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(),
-          prop.getDataType().alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(), optional(columnMetadata));
+					optional(columnMetadata));
 
 			if (stmt != null) {
 				result.add(stmt);
@@ -338,42 +314,28 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
 	public static SchemaStatement createIndex(HelenusProperty prop) {
 		if (prop.caseSensitiveIndex()) {
-      return SchemaBuilder.createIndex(indexName(prop))
+			return SchemaBuilder.createIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql()).ifNotExists()
-          .ifNotExists()
+					.onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql()).andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
-          .onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql())
-          .andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
 		} else {
-      return new CreateSasiIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql())
+			return new CreateSasiIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql()).ifNotExists()
-          .ifNotExists()
+					.onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql()).andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
-          .onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql())
-          .andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
 		}
 	}
 
 	public static List<SchemaStatement> createIndexes(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
-    return entity
+		return entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent())
-        .getOrderedProperties()
+				.map(p -> SchemaUtil.createIndex(p)).collect(Collectors.toList());
-        .stream()
-        .filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent())
-        .map(p -> SchemaUtil.createIndex(p))
-        .collect(Collectors.toList());
 	}
 
-  public static List<SchemaStatement> alterIndexes(
+	public static List<SchemaStatement> alterIndexes(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity,
-      TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
+			boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
 
 		List<SchemaStatement> list = new ArrayList<SchemaStatement>();
 
-    final Set<String> visitedColumns =
+		final Set<String> visitedColumns = dropUnusedIndexes ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
-        dropUnusedIndexes ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
 
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent()).forEach(p -> {
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .stream()
-        .filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent())
-        .forEach(
-            p -> {
 			String columnName = p.getColumnName().getName();
 
 			if (dropUnusedIndexes) {
@@ -394,11 +356,9 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
 		if (dropUnusedIndexes) {
 
-      tmd.getColumns()
+			tmd.getColumns().stream()
-          .stream()
 					.filter(c -> tmd.getIndex(c.getName()) != null && !visitedColumns.contains(c.getName()))
-          .forEach(
+					.forEach(c -> {
-              c -> {
 						list.add(SchemaBuilder.dropIndex(tmd.getIndex(c.getName()).getName()).ifExists());
 					});
 		}
@@ -407,7 +367,7 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 	}
 
 	public static SchemaStatement dropIndex(HelenusProperty prop) {
-    return SchemaBuilder.dropIndex(indexName(prop)).ifExists();
+		return SchemaBuilder.dropIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql()).ifExists();
 	}
 
 	private static SchemaBuilder.Direction mapDirection(OrderingDirection o) {
@@ -424,10 +384,7 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
 		throw new HelenusMappingException(
 				"only primitive types and Set,List,Map collections and UserDefinedTypes are allowed, unknown type for property '"
-            + prop.getPropertyName()
+						+ prop.getPropertyName() + "' type is '" + prop.getJavaType() + "' in the entity "
-            + "' type is '"
-            + prop.getJavaType()
-            + "' in the entity "
 						+ prop.getEntity());
 	}
 
@@ -466,9 +423,4 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 		}
 		return null;
 	}
-
-  private static String indexName(HelenusProperty prop) {
-      return prop.getEntity().getName().toCql() + "_" + prop.getIndexName().get().toCql();
-  }
-
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SessionInitializer.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,16 +15,18 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
-import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
+
+import brave.Tracer;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DslExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntityType;
@@ -43,26 +44,18 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 	private CodecRegistry registry;
 	private String usingKeyspace;
 	private boolean showCql = false;
-  private boolean showValues = true;
 	private ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel;
-  private boolean idempotent = false;
+	private boolean idempotent = true;
 	private MetricRegistry metricRegistry = new MetricRegistry();
+	private Tracer zipkinTracer;
 	private PrintStream printStream = System.out;
 	private Executor executor = MoreExecutors.directExecutor();
+	private Class<? extends UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkClass = UnitOfWorkImpl.class;
 	private SessionRepositoryBuilder sessionRepository;
 	private boolean dropUnusedColumns = false;
 	private boolean dropUnusedIndexes = false;
 	private KeyspaceMetadata keyspaceMetadata;
 	private AutoDdl autoDdl = AutoDdl.UPDATE;
-  private CacheManager cacheManager = null;
-
-  SessionInitializer(Session session, String keyspace) {
-    this.session = session;
-    this.usingKeyspace = keyspace;
-    if (session != null) {
-      this.sessionRepository = new SessionRepositoryBuilder(session);
-    }
-  }
 
 	SessionInitializer(Session session) {
 		this.session = Objects.requireNonNull(session, "empty session");
@@ -110,44 +103,30 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 		return this;
 	}
 
-  public SessionInitializer showQueryValuesInLog(boolean showValues) {
-    this.showValues = showValues;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public SessionInitializer showQueryValuesInLog() {
-    this.showValues = true;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public boolean showValues() {
-    return showValues;
-  }
-
 	public SessionInitializer metricRegistry(MetricRegistry metricRegistry) {
 		this.metricRegistry = metricRegistry;
 		return this;
 	}
 
+	public SessionInitializer zipkinTracer(Tracer tracer) {
+		this.zipkinTracer = tracer;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public SessionInitializer setUnitOfWorkClass(Class<? extends UnitOfWork> e) {
+		this.unitOfWorkClass = e;
+		return this;
+	}
+
 	public SessionInitializer consistencyLevel(ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel) {
 		this.consistencyLevel = consistencyLevel;
 		return this;
 	}
 
-  public SessionInitializer setCacheManager(CacheManager cacheManager) {
-    this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
-    return this;
-  }
-
 	public ConsistencyLevel getDefaultConsistencyLevel() {
 		return consistencyLevel;
 	}
 
-  public SessionInitializer setOperationsIdempotentByDefault() {
-    this.idempotent = true;
-    return this;
-  }
-
 	public SessionInitializer idempotentQueryExecution(boolean idempotent) {
 		this.idempotent = idempotent;
 		return this;
@@ -200,11 +179,8 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
 	public SessionInitializer addPackage(String packageName) {
 		try {
-      PackageUtil.getClasses(packageName)
+			PackageUtil.getClasses(packageName).stream().filter(c -> c.isInterface() && !c.isAnnotation())
-          .stream()
+					.forEach(clazz -> {
-          .filter(c -> c.isInterface() && !c.isAnnotation())
-          .forEach(
-              clazz -> {
 						initList.add(Either.right(clazz));
 					});
 		} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
@@ -249,10 +225,8 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 	}
 
 	public SessionInitializer use(String keyspace) {
-    if (session != null) {
 		session.execute(SchemaUtil.use(keyspace, false));
 		this.usingKeyspace = keyspace;
-    }
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -268,28 +242,16 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
 	public synchronized HelenusSession get() {
 		initialize();
-    return new HelenusSession(
+		return new HelenusSession(session, usingKeyspace, registry, showCql, printStream, sessionRepository, executor,
-        session,
+				autoDdl == AutoDdl.CREATE_DROP, consistencyLevel, idempotent, unitOfWorkClass, metricRegistry,
-        usingKeyspace,
+				zipkinTracer);
-        registry,
-        showCql,
-        showValues,
-        printStream,
-        sessionRepository,
-        executor,
-        autoDdl == AutoDdl.CREATE_DROP,
-        consistencyLevel,
-        idempotent,
-        cacheManager,
-        metricRegistry);
 	}
 
 	private void initialize() {
 
 		Objects.requireNonNull(usingKeyspace, "please define keyspace by 'use' operator");
 
-    initList.forEach(
+		initList.forEach((either) -> {
-        (either) -> {
 			Class<?> iface = null;
 			if (either.isLeft()) {
 				iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(either.getLeft());
@@ -298,16 +260,10 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 			}
 
 			DslExportable dsl = (DslExportable) Helenus.dsl(iface);
-          if (session != null) {
 			dsl.setCassandraMetadataForHelenusSession(session.getCluster().getMetadata());
-          }
-          if (sessionRepository != null) {
 			sessionRepository.add(dsl);
-          }
 		});
 
-    if (session == null) return;
-
 		TableOperations tableOps = new TableOperations(this, dropUnusedColumns, dropUnusedIndexes);
 		UserTypeOperations userTypeOps = new UserTypeOperations(this, dropUnusedColumns);
 
@@ -317,19 +273,13 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 				// Drop view first, otherwise a `DROP TABLE ...` will fail as the type is still
 				// referenced
 				// by a view.
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.dropView(e));
 
 				// Drop tables second, before DROP TYPE otherwise a `DROP TYPE ...` will fail as
 				// the type is
 				// still referenced by a table.
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.dropTable(e));
 
 				eachUserTypeInReverseOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.dropUserType(e));
@@ -339,16 +289,10 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 			case CREATE :
 				eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.createUserType(e));
 
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.createTable(e));
 
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.createView(e));
 
 				break;
@@ -356,10 +300,7 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 			case VALIDATE :
 				eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.validateUserType(getUserType(e), e));
 
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.validateTable(getTableMetadata(e), e));
 
 				break;
@@ -367,22 +308,13 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 			case UPDATE :
 				eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.updateUserType(getUserType(e), e));
 
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.dropView(e));
 
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.updateTable(getTableMetadata(e), e));
 
-        sessionRepository
+				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
-            .entities()
-            .stream()
-            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
 						.forEach(e -> tableOps.createView(e));
 				break;
 		}
@@ -394,41 +326,27 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 		}
 	}
 
-  private void eachUserTypeInOrder(
+	private void eachUserTypeInOrder(UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
-      UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
 
 		Set<HelenusEntity> processedSet = new HashSet<HelenusEntity>();
 		Set<HelenusEntity> stack = new HashSet<HelenusEntity>();
 
-    sessionRepository
+		sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.UDT).forEach(e -> {
-        .entities()
-        .stream()
-        .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.UDT)
-        .forEach(
-            e -> {
 			stack.clear();
 			eachUserTypeInRecursion(e, processedSet, stack, userTypeOps, action);
 		});
 	}
 
-  private void eachUserTypeInReverseOrder(
+	private void eachUserTypeInReverseOrder(UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
-      UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
 		ArrayDeque<HelenusEntity> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
 		eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> deque.addFirst(e));
-    deque
+		deque.stream().forEach(e -> {
-        .stream()
-        .forEach(
-            e -> {
 			action.accept(e);
 		});
 	}
 
-  private void eachUserTypeInRecursion(
+	private void eachUserTypeInRecursion(HelenusEntity e, Set<HelenusEntity> processedSet, Set<HelenusEntity> stack,
-      HelenusEntity e,
+			UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
-      Set<HelenusEntity> processedSet,
-      Set<HelenusEntity> stack,
-      UserTypeOperations userTypeOps,
-      Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
 
 		stack.add(e);
 
@@ -449,8 +367,7 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
 	private KeyspaceMetadata getKeyspaceMetadata() {
 		if (keyspaceMetadata == null) {
-      keyspaceMetadata =
+			keyspaceMetadata = session.getCluster().getMetadata().getKeyspace(usingKeyspace.toLowerCase());
-          session.getCluster().getMetadata().getKeyspace(usingKeyspace.toLowerCase());
 		}
 		return keyspaceMetadata;
 	}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SessionRepository.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +15,11 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.util.Collection;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UserType;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-import java.util.Collection;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 
 public final class SessionRepository {
@@ -31,8 +32,7 @@ public final class SessionRepository {
 
 		userTypeMap = ImmutableMap.<String, UserType>builder().putAll(builder.getUserTypeMap()).build();
 
-    entityMap =
+		entityMap = ImmutableMap.<Class<?>, HelenusEntity>builder().putAll(builder.getEntityMap()).build();
-        ImmutableMap.<Class<?>, HelenusEntity>builder().putAll(builder.getEntityMap()).build();
 	}
 
 	public UserType findUserType(String name) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SessionRepositoryBuilder.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,17 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UDTValue;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UserType;
 import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
-import java.util.Collection;
+
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntityType;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
@@ -34,8 +35,7 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class SessionRepositoryBuilder {
 
-  private static final Optional<HelenusEntityType> OPTIONAL_UDT =
+	private static final Optional<HelenusEntityType> OPTIONAL_UDT = Optional.of(HelenusEntityType.UDT);
-      Optional.of(HelenusEntityType.UDT);
 
 	private final Map<Class<?>, HelenusEntity> entityMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, HelenusEntity>();
 
@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ public final class SessionRepositoryBuilder {
 			entity = helenusEntity;
 
 			if (type.isPresent() && entity.getType() != type.get()) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+				throw new HelenusMappingException("unexpected entity type " + entity.getType() + " for " + entity);
-            "unexpected entity type " + entity.getType() + " for " + entity);
 			}
 
 			HelenusEntity concurrentEntity = entityMap.putIfAbsent(iface, entity);

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/TableOperations.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +15,11 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.util.List;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.TableMetadata;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.SchemaStatement;
-import java.util.List;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
@@ -28,30 +29,26 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 	private final boolean dropUnusedColumns;
 	private final boolean dropUnusedIndexes;
 
-  public TableOperations(
+	public TableOperations(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOps, boolean dropUnusedColumns, boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOps, boolean dropUnusedColumns, boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
 		this.sessionOps = sessionOps;
 		this.dropUnusedColumns = dropUnusedColumns;
 		this.dropUnusedIndexes = dropUnusedIndexes;
 	}
 
 	public void createTable(HelenusEntity entity) {
-    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createTable(entity));
+		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createTable(entity), true);
 		executeBatch(SchemaUtil.createIndexes(entity));
 	}
 
 	public void dropTable(HelenusEntity entity) {
-    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity));
+		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity), true);
 	}
 
 	public void validateTable(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity) {
 
 		if (tmd == null) {
 			throw new HelenusException(
-          "table does not exists "
+					"table does not exists " + entity.getName() + "for entity " + entity.getMappingInterface());
-              + entity.getName()
-              + "for entity "
-              + entity.getMappingInterface());
 		}
 
 		List<SchemaStatement> list = SchemaUtil.alterTable(tmd, entity, dropUnusedColumns);
@@ -60,10 +57,7 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 
 		if (!list.isEmpty()) {
 			throw new HelenusException(
-          "schema changed for entity "
+					"schema changed for entity " + entity.getMappingInterface() + ", apply this command: " + list);
-              + entity.getMappingInterface()
-              + ", apply this command: "
-              + list);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -79,15 +73,14 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 
 	public void createView(HelenusEntity entity) {
 		sessionOps.execute(
-        SchemaUtil.createMaterializedView(
+				SchemaUtil.createMaterializedView(sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity), true);
-            sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity));
+		// executeBatch(SchemaUtil.createIndexes(entity)); NOTE: Unfortunately C* 3.10
-    // executeBatch(SchemaUtil.createIndexes(entity)); NOTE: Unfortunately C* 3.10 does not yet support 2i on materialized views.
+		// does not yet support 2i on materialized views.
 	}
 
 	public void dropView(HelenusEntity entity) {
 		sessionOps.execute(
-        SchemaUtil.dropMaterializedView(
+				SchemaUtil.dropMaterializedView(sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity), true);
-            sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity));
 	}
 
 	public void updateView(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity) {
@@ -102,6 +95,8 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 
 	private void executeBatch(List<SchemaStatement> list) {
 
-    list.forEach(s -> sessionOps.execute(s));
+		list.forEach(s -> {
+			sessionOps.execute(s, true);
+		});
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/UnitOfWork.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,138 +15,14 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
-import com.google.common.collect.HashBasedTable;
-import com.google.common.collect.Table;
-import com.google.common.collect.TreeTraverser;
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.function.Consumer;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import javax.cache.Cache;
-import javax.cache.CacheManager;
-import javax.cache.configuration.CacheEntryListenerConfiguration;
-import javax.cache.configuration.Configuration;
-import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoader;
-import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoaderException;
-import javax.cache.integration.CompletionListener;
-import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessor;
-import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorException;
-import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorResult;
 
-import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.MapCache;
-import net.helenus.core.operation.AbstractOperation;
-import net.helenus.core.operation.BatchOperation;
-import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
-import net.helenus.support.CheckedRunnable;
-import net.helenus.support.Either;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-/** Encapsulates the concept of a "transaction" as a unit-of-work. */
+public interface UnitOfWork<X extends Exception> extends AutoCloseable {
-public class UnitOfWork implements AutoCloseable {
-  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnitOfWork.class);
-
-  public final UnitOfWork parent;
-  protected final List<UnitOfWork> nested = new ArrayList<>();
-  protected final Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> cache = HashBasedTable.create();
-  protected final EvictTrackingMapCache<String, Object> statementCache;
-  protected final HelenusSession session;
-  protected String purpose;
-  protected List<String> nestedPurposes = new ArrayList<String>();
-  protected String info;
-  protected int cacheHits = 0;
-  protected int cacheMisses = 0;
-  protected int databaseLookups = 0;
-  protected final Stopwatch elapsedTime;
-  protected Map<String, Double> databaseTime = new HashMap<>();
-  protected double cacheLookupTimeMSecs = 0.0;
-  private List<CheckedRunnable> commitThunks = new ArrayList<>();
-  private List<CheckedRunnable> abortThunks = new ArrayList<>();
-  private Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk;
-  private List<CompletableFuture<?>> asyncOperationFutures = new ArrayList<CompletableFuture<?>>();
-  private boolean aborted = false;
-  private boolean committed = false;
-  private long committedAt = 0L;
-  private BatchOperation batch;
-
-  public UnitOfWork(HelenusSession session) {
-    this(session, null);
-  }
-
-  public UnitOfWork(HelenusSession session, UnitOfWork parent) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(session, "containing session cannot be null");
-
-    this.parent = parent;
-    if (parent != null) {
-      parent.addNestedUnitOfWork(this);
-    }
-    this.session = session;
-    CacheLoader<String, Object> cacheLoader = null;
-    if (parent != null) {
-      cacheLoader =
-          new CacheLoader<String, Object>() {
-
-            Cache<String, Object> cache = parent.getCache();
-
-            @Override
-            public Object load(String key) throws CacheLoaderException {
-              return cache.get(key);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public Map<String, Object> loadAll(Iterable<? extends String> keys)
-                throws CacheLoaderException {
-              Map<String, Object> kvp = new HashMap<String, Object>();
-              for (String key : keys) {
-                kvp.put(key, cache.get(key));
-              }
-              return kvp;
-            }
-          };
-    }
-    this.elapsedTime = Stopwatch.createUnstarted();
-    this.statementCache = new EvictTrackingMapCache<String, Object>(null, "UOW(" + hashCode() + ")", cacheLoader, true);
-  }
-
-  public void addDatabaseTime(String name, Stopwatch amount) {
-    Double time = databaseTime.get(name);
-    if (time == null) {
-      databaseTime.put(name, (double) amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
-    } else {
-      databaseTime.put(name, time + amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
-    }
-  }
-
-  public void addCacheLookupTime(Stopwatch amount) {
-    cacheLookupTimeMSecs += amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS);
-  }
-
-  public void addNestedUnitOfWork(UnitOfWork uow) {
-    synchronized (nested) {
-      nested.add(uow);
-    }
-  }
 
 	/**
 	 * Marks the beginning of a transactional section of work. Will write a
@@ -155,662 +30,43 @@ public class UnitOfWork implements AutoCloseable {
 	 *
 	 * @return the handle used to commit or abort the work.
 	 */
-  public synchronized UnitOfWork begin() {
+	UnitOfWork<X> begin();
-    elapsedTime.start();
-    // log.record(txn::start)
-    return this;
-  }
 
-  public String getPurpose() {
+	void addNestedUnitOfWork(UnitOfWork<X> uow);
-    return purpose;
-  }
-
-  public UnitOfWork setPurpose(String purpose) {
-    this.purpose = purpose;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public void addFuture(CompletableFuture<?> future) {
-    asyncOperationFutures.add(future);
-  }
-
-  public void setInfo(String info) {
-    this.info = info;
-  }
-
-  public void recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(int cache, int ops) {
-    if (cache > 0) {
-      cacheHits += cache;
-    } else {
-      cacheMisses += Math.abs(cache);
-    }
-    if (ops > 0) {
-      databaseLookups += ops;
-    }
-  }
-
-  public String logTimers(String what) {
-    double e = (double) elapsedTime.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS) / 1000.0;
-    double d = 0.0;
-    double c = cacheLookupTimeMSecs / 1000.0;
-    double fc = (c / e) * 100.0;
-    String database = "";
-    if (databaseTime.size() > 0) {
-      List<String> dbt = new ArrayList<>(databaseTime.size());
-      for (Map.Entry<String, Double> dt : databaseTime.entrySet()) {
-        double t = dt.getValue() / 1000.0;
-        d += t;
-        dbt.add(String.format("%s took %,.3fms %,2.2f%%", dt.getKey(), t, (t / e) * 100.0));
-      }
-      double fd = (d / e) * 100.0;
-      database =
-          String.format(
-              ", %d quer%s (%,.3fms %,2.2f%% - %s)",
-              databaseLookups, (databaseLookups > 1) ? "ies" : "y", d, fd, String.join(", ", dbt));
-    }
-    String cache = "";
-    if (cacheLookupTimeMSecs > 0) {
-      int cacheLookups = cacheHits + cacheMisses;
-      cache =
-          String.format(
-              " with %d cache lookup%s (%,.3fms %,2.2f%% - %,d hit, %,d miss)",
-              cacheLookups, cacheLookups > 1 ? "s" : "", c, fc, cacheHits, cacheMisses);
-    }
-    String da = "";
-    if (databaseTime.size() > 0 || cacheLookupTimeMSecs > 0) {
-      double dat = d + c;
-      double daf = (dat / e) * 100;
-      da =
-          String.format(
-              " consuming %,.3fms for data access, or %,2.2f%% of total UOW time.", dat, daf);
-    }
-    String x = nestedPurposes.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-    String n =
-        nested
-            .stream()
-            .map(uow -> String.valueOf(uow.hashCode()))
-            .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-    String s =
-        String.format(
-            Locale.US,
-            "UOW(%s%s) %s in %,.3fms%s%s%s%s%s%s",
-            hashCode(),
-            (nested.size() > 0 ? ", [" + n + "]" : ""),
-            what,
-            e,
-            cache,
-            database,
-            da,
-            (purpose == null ? "" : " " + purpose),
-            (nestedPurposes.isEmpty()) ? "" : ", " + x,
-            (info == null) ? "" : " " + info);
-    return s;
-  }
-
-  private void applyPostCommitFunctions(String what, List<CheckedRunnable> thunks, Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk) {
-    if (!thunks.isEmpty()) {
-      for (CheckedRunnable f : thunks) {
-          try {
-              f.run();
-          } catch (Throwable t) {
-              if (exceptionallyThunk != null) {
-                  exceptionallyThunk.accept(t);
-              }
-          }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  public Optional<Object> cacheLookup(List<Facet> facets) {
-    String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-    Optional<Object> result = Optional.empty();
-    for (Facet facet : facets) {
-      if (!facet.fixed()) {
-        String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-        Either<Object, List<Facet>> eitherValue = cache.get(tableName, columnName);
-        if (eitherValue != null) {
-          Object value = deleted;
-          if (eitherValue.isLeft()) {
-            value = eitherValue.getLeft();
-          }
-          return Optional.of(value);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Be sure to check all enclosing UnitOfWork caches as well, we may be nested.
-    result = checkParentCache(facets);
-    if (result.isPresent()) {
-      Object r = result.get();
-      Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(r);
-      if (Helenus.entity(iface).isDraftable()) {
-        cacheUpdate(r, facets);
-      } else {
-        cacheUpdate(SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone((Serializable) r), facets);
-      }
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  private Optional<Object> checkParentCache(List<Facet> facets) {
-    Optional<Object> result = Optional.empty();
-    if (parent != null) {
-      result = parent.checkParentCache(facets);
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  public List<Facet> cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {
-    Either<Object, List<Facet>> deletedObjectFacets = Either.right(facets);
-    String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-    Optional<Object> optionalValue = cacheLookup(facets);
-
-    for (Facet facet : facets) {
-      if (!facet.fixed()) {
-        String columnKey = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-        // mark the value identified by the facet to `deleted`
-        cache.put(tableName, columnKey, deletedObjectFacets);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Now, look for other row/col pairs that referenced the same object, mark them
-    // `deleted` if the cache had a value before we added the deleted marker objects.
-    if (optionalValue.isPresent()) {
-      Object value = optionalValue.get();
-      cache
-          .columnKeySet()
-          .forEach(
-              columnKey -> {
-                Either<Object, List<Facet>> eitherCachedValue = cache.get(tableName, columnKey);
-                if (eitherCachedValue.isLeft()) {
-                  Object cachedValue = eitherCachedValue.getLeft();
-                  if (cachedValue == value) {
-                    cache.put(tableName, columnKey, deletedObjectFacets);
-                    String[] parts = columnKey.split("==");
-                    facets.add(new Facet<String>(parts[0], parts[1]));
-                  }
-                }
-              });
-    }
-    return facets;
-  }
-
-  public Cache<String, Object> getCache() {
-    return statementCache;
-  }
-
-  public Object cacheUpdate(Object value, List<Facet> facets) {
-    Object result = null;
-    String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-    for (Facet facet : facets) {
-      if (!facet.fixed()) {
-        if (facet.alone()) {
-          String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-          if (result == null) result = cache.get(tableName, columnName);
-          cache.put(tableName, columnName, Either.left(value));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  public void batch(AbstractOperation s) {
-    if (batch == null) {
-      batch = new BatchOperation(session);
-    }
-    batch.add(s);
-  }
-
-  private Iterator<UnitOfWork> getChildNodes() {
-    return nested.iterator();
-  }
 
 	/**
-   * Checks to see if the work performed between calling begin and now can be committed or not.
+	 * Checks to see if the work performed between calling begin and now can be
+	 * committed or not.
 	 *
-   * @return a function from which to chain work that only happens when commit is successful
+	 * @return a function from which to chain work that only happens when commit is
-   * @throws HelenusException when the work overlaps with other concurrent writers.
+	 *         successful
+	 * @throws X
+	 *             when the work overlaps with other concurrent writers.
 	 */
-  public synchronized PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> commit() throws HelenusException {
+	PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> commit() throws X;
-
-    if (isDone()) {
-      return PostCommitFunction.NULL_ABORT;
-    }
-
-    // Only the outer-most UOW batches statements for commit time, execute them.
-    if (batch != null) {
-      committedAt = batch.sync(this); //TODO(gburd): update cache with writeTime...
-    }
-
-    // All nested UnitOfWork should be committed (not aborted) before calls to
-    // commit, check.
-    boolean canCommit = true;
-    TreeTraverser<UnitOfWork> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
-    for (UnitOfWork uow : traverser.postOrderTraversal(this)) {
-      if (this != uow) {
-        canCommit &= (!uow.aborted && uow.committed);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!canCommit) {
-
-      if (parent == null) {
-
-        // Apply all post-commit abort functions, this is the outer-most UnitOfWork.
-        traverser
-            .postOrderTraversal(this)
-            .forEach(
-                uow -> {
-                  applyPostCommitFunctions("aborted", abortThunks, exceptionallyThunk);
-                });
-
-        elapsedTime.stop();
-        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
-          LOG.info(logTimers("aborted"));
-        }
-      }
-
-      return PostCommitFunction.NULL_ABORT;
-    } else {
-      committed = true;
-      aborted = false;
-
-      if (parent == null) {
-
-        // Apply all post-commit commit functions, this is the outer-most UnitOfWork.
-        traverser
-            .postOrderTraversal(this)
-            .forEach(
-                uow -> {
-                  applyPostCommitFunctions("committed", uow.commitThunks, exceptionallyThunk);
-                });
-
-        // Merge our statement cache into the session cache if it exists.
-        CacheManager cacheManager = session.getCacheManager();
-        if (cacheManager != null) {
-          for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry :
-              (Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>>) statementCache.<Map>unwrap(Map.class).entrySet()) {
-            String[] keyParts = entry.getKey().split("\\.");
-            if (keyParts.length == 2) {
-              String cacheName = keyParts[0];
-              String key = keyParts[1];
-              if (!StringUtils.isBlank(cacheName) && !StringUtils.isBlank(key)) {
-                Cache<Object, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(cacheName);
-                if (cache != null) {
-                  Object value = entry.getValue();
-                  if (value == deleted) {
-                    cache.remove(key);
-                  } else {
-                    cache.put(key.toString(), value);
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Merge our cache into the session cache.
-        session.mergeCache(cache);
-
-        // Spoil any lingering futures that may be out there.
-        asyncOperationFutures.forEach(
-            f ->
-                f.completeExceptionally(
-                    new HelenusException(
-                        "Futures must be resolved before their unit of work has committed/aborted.")));
-
-        elapsedTime.stop();
-        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
-          LOG.info(logTimers("committed"));
-        }
-
-        return PostCommitFunction.NULL_COMMIT;
-      } else {
-        // Merge cache and statistics into parent if there is one.
-        parent.statementCache.putAll(statementCache.<Map>unwrap(Map.class));
-        parent.statementCache.removeAll(statementCache.getDeletions());
-        parent.mergeCache(cache);
-        parent.addBatched(batch);
-        if (purpose != null) {
-          parent.nestedPurposes.add(purpose);
-        }
-        parent.cacheHits += cacheHits;
-        parent.cacheMisses += cacheMisses;
-        parent.databaseLookups += databaseLookups;
-        parent.cacheLookupTimeMSecs += cacheLookupTimeMSecs;
-        for (Map.Entry<String, Double> dt : databaseTime.entrySet()) {
-          String name = dt.getKey();
-          if (parent.databaseTime.containsKey(name)) {
-            double t = parent.databaseTime.get(name);
-            parent.databaseTime.put(name, t + dt.getValue());
-          } else {
-            parent.databaseTime.put(name, dt.getValue());
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    // TODO(gburd): hopefully we'll be able to detect conflicts here and so we'd want to...
-    // else {
-    // Constructor<T> ctor = clazz.getConstructor(conflictExceptionClass);
-    // T object = ctor.newInstance(new Object[] { String message });
-    // }
-    return new PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>(commitThunks, abortThunks, exceptionallyThunk, true);
-  }
-
-  private void addBatched(BatchOperation batchArg) {
-    if (batchArg != null) {
-      if (this.batch == null) {
-        this.batch = batchArg;
-      } else {
-        this.batch.addAll(batchArg);
-      }
-    }
-  }
 
 	/**
-   * Explicitly abort the work within this unit of work. Any nested aborted unit of work will
+	 * Explicitly abort the work within this unit of work. Any nested aborted unit
-   * trigger the entire unit of work to commit.
+	 * of work will trigger the entire unit of work to commit.
 	 */
-  public synchronized void abort() {
+	void abort();
-    if (!aborted) {
-      aborted = true;
 
-      // Spoil any pending futures created within the context of this unit of work.
+	boolean hasAborted();
-      asyncOperationFutures.forEach(
-          f ->
-              f.completeExceptionally(
-                  new HelenusException(
-                      "Futures must be resolved before their unit of work has committed/aborted.")));
 
-      TreeTraverser<UnitOfWork> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
+	boolean hasCommitted();
-      traverser
-          .postOrderTraversal(this)
-          .forEach(
-              uow -> {
-                applyPostCommitFunctions("aborted", uow.abortThunks, exceptionallyThunk);
-                uow.abortThunks.clear();
-              });
 
-      if (parent == null) {
+	Optional<Object> cacheLookup(List<Facet> facets);
-        if (elapsedTime.isRunning()) {
-          elapsedTime.stop();
-        }
-        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
-          LOG.info(logTimers("aborted"));
-        }
-      }
 
-      // TODO(gburd): when we integrate the transaction support we'll need to...
+	void cacheUpdate(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets);
-      // log.record(txn::abort)
-      // cache.invalidateSince(txn::start time)
-    }
-  }
 
-  private void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> from) {
+	List<Facet> cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets);
-    Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> to = this.cache;
-    from.rowMap()
-        .forEach(
-            (rowKey, columnMap) -> {
-              columnMap.forEach(
-                  (columnKey, value) -> {
-                    if (to.contains(rowKey, columnKey)) {
-                      to.put(
-                          rowKey,
-                          columnKey,
-                          Either.left(
-                              CacheUtil.merge(
-                                  to.get(rowKey, columnKey).getLeft(),
-                                  from.get(rowKey, columnKey).getLeft())));
-                    } else {
-                      to.put(rowKey, columnKey, from.get(rowKey, columnKey));
-                    }
-                  });
-            });
-  }
 
-  public boolean isDone() {
+	UnitOfWork setPurpose(String purpose);
-    return aborted || committed;
-  }
 
-  public String describeConflicts() {
+	void addDatabaseTime(String name, Stopwatch amount);
-    return "it's complex...";
+	void addCacheLookupTime(Stopwatch amount);
-  }
 
-  @Override
+	// Cache > 0 means "cache hit", < 0 means cache miss.
-  public void close() throws HelenusException {
+	void recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(int cache, int database);
-    // Closing a UnitOfWork will abort iff we've not already aborted or committed this unit of work.
-    if (aborted == false && committed == false) {
-      abort();
-    }
-  }
 
-  public boolean hasAborted() {
-    return aborted;
-  }
-
-  public boolean hasCommitted() {
-    return committed;
-  }
-
-  public long committedAt() {
-    return committedAt;
-  }
-
- private static class EvictTrackingMapCache<K, V> implements Cache<K, V> {
-      private final Set<K> deletes;
-      private final Cache<K, V> delegate;
-
-      public EvictTrackingMapCache(CacheManager manager, String name, CacheLoader<K, V> cacheLoader,
-              boolean isReadThrough) {
-          deletes = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
-          delegate = new MapCache<>(manager, name, cacheLoader, isReadThrough);
-      }
-
-      /** Non-interface method; should only be called by UnitOfWork when merging to an enclosing UnitOfWork. */
-      public Set<K> getDeletions() {
-          return new HashSet<>(deletes);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public V get(K key) {
-          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-              return null;
-          }
-
-          return delegate.get(key);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public Map<K, V> getAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
-          Set<? extends K> clonedKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
-          clonedKeys.removeAll(deletes);
-          return delegate.getAll(clonedKeys);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public boolean containsKey(K key) {
-          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-              return false;
-          }
-
-          return delegate.containsKey(key);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public void loadAll(Set<? extends K> keys, boolean replaceExistingValues, CompletionListener listener) {
-          Set<? extends K> clonedKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
-          clonedKeys.removeAll(deletes);
-          delegate.loadAll(clonedKeys, replaceExistingValues, listener);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public void put(K key, V value) {
-          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-              deletes.remove(key);
-          }
-
-          delegate.put(key, value);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public V getAndPut(K key, V value) {
-          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-              deletes.remove(key);
-          }
-
-          return delegate.getAndPut(key, value);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
-          deletes.removeAll(map.keySet());
-          delegate.putAll(map);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public synchronized boolean putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
-          if (!delegate.containsKey(key) && deletes.contains(key)) {
-              deletes.remove(key);
-          }
-
-          return delegate.putIfAbsent(key,  value);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public boolean remove(K key) {
-          boolean removed = delegate.remove(key);
-          deletes.add(key);
-          return removed;
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public boolean remove(K key, V value) {
-          boolean removed = delegate.remove(key, value);
-          if (removed) {
-              deletes.add(key);
-          }
-
-          return removed;
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public V getAndRemove(K key) {
-          V value = delegate.getAndRemove(key);
-          deletes.add(key);
-          return value;
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public void removeAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
-          Set<? extends K> cloneKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
-          delegate.removeAll(cloneKeys);
-          deletes.addAll(cloneKeys);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-      public synchronized void removeAll() {
-          Map<K, V> impl = delegate.unwrap(Map.class);
-          Set<K> keys = impl.keySet();
-          delegate.removeAll();
-          deletes.addAll(keys);
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public void clear() {
-          delegate.clear();
-          // TODO(gburd): all parents too
-          deletes.clear();
-      }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
-        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return delegate.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean replace(K key, V value) {
-        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return delegate.replace(key, value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public V getAndReplace(K key, V value) {
-        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        return delegate.getAndReplace(key, value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public <C extends Configuration<K, V>> C getConfiguration(Class<C> clazz) {
-        return delegate.getConfiguration(clazz);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public <T> T invoke(K key, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> processor, Object... arguments)
-            throws EntryProcessorException {
-        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        return delegate.invoke(key,  processor, arguments);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public <T> Map<K, EntryProcessorResult<T>> invokeAll(Set<? extends K> keys, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> processor,
-            Object... arguments) {
-        Set<? extends K> clonedKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
-        clonedKeys.removeAll(deletes);
-        return delegate.invokeAll(clonedKeys, processor, arguments);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String getName() {
-        return delegate.getName();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
-        return delegate.getCacheManager();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void close() {
-        delegate.close();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean isClosed() {
-        return delegate.isClosed();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
-        return delegate.unwrap(clazz);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void registerCacheEntryListener(CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {
-        delegate.registerCacheEntryListener(cacheEntryListenerConfiguration);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void deregisterCacheEntryListener(CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {
-        delegate.deregisterCacheEntryListener(cacheEntryListenerConfiguration);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public Iterator<Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
-        return delegate.iterator();
-    }
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/UnitOfWorkImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.helenus.core;
+
+import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
+
+class UnitOfWorkImpl extends AbstractUnitOfWork<HelenusException> {
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public UnitOfWorkImpl(HelenusSession session, UnitOfWork parent) {
+		super(session, (AbstractUnitOfWork<HelenusException>) parent);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/UserTypeOperations.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +15,11 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import java.util.List;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UserType;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.SchemaStatement;
-import java.util.List;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
@@ -34,12 +35,12 @@ public final class UserTypeOperations {
 
 	public void createUserType(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
-    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createUserType(entity));
+		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createUserType(entity), true);
 	}
 
 	public void dropUserType(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
-    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity));
+		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity), true);
 	}
 
 	public void validateUserType(UserType userType, HelenusEntity entity) {
@@ -53,10 +54,7 @@ public final class UserTypeOperations {
 
 		if (!list.isEmpty()) {
 			throw new HelenusException(
-          "schema changed for entity "
+					"schema changed for entity " + entity.getMappingInterface() + ", apply this command: " + list);
-              + entity.getMappingInterface()
-              + ", apply this command: "
-              + list);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -72,6 +70,8 @@ public final class UserTypeOperations {
 
 	private void executeBatch(List<SchemaStatement> list) {
 
-    list.forEach(s -> sessionOps.execute(s));
+		list.forEach(s -> {
+			sessionOps.execute(s, true);
+		});
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/annotation/Cacheable.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,4 +22,5 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
-public @interface Cacheable {}
+public @interface Cacheable {
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/annotation/Retry.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,15 +21,14 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
 import net.helenus.core.ConflictingUnitOfWorkException;
 
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 public @interface Retry {
 
-  Class<? extends Exception>[] on() default {
+	Class<? extends Exception>[] on() default {ConflictingUnitOfWorkException.class, TimeoutException.class};
-    ConflictingUnitOfWorkException.class, TimeoutException.class
-  };
 
 	int times() default 3;
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/aspect/RetryAspect.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ package net.helenus.core.aspect;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
+
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
@@ -30,6 +29,8 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
+import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
+
 @Aspect
 public class RetryAspect {
 
@@ -54,8 +55,8 @@ public class RetryAspect {
 		return tryProceeding(pjp, times, retryOn);
 	}
 
-  private Object tryProceeding(
+	private Object tryProceeding(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn)
-      ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn) throws Throwable {
+			throws Throwable {
 		try {
 			return proceed(pjp);
 		} catch (Throwable throwable) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/aspect/RetryConcurrentUnitOfWorkAspect.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package net.helenus.core.aspect;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
+
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
+import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
+
 @Aspect
 public class RetryConcurrentUnitOfWorkAspect {
 
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ public class RetryConcurrentUnitOfWorkAspect {
 		return tryProceeding(pjp, times, retryOn);
 	}
 
-  private Object tryProceeding(
+	private Object tryProceeding(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn)
-      ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn) throws Throwable {
+			throws Throwable {
 		try {
 			return proceed(pjp);
 		} catch (Throwable throwable) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/BoundFacet.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,45 +15,24 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.cache;
 
-import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
 public class BoundFacet extends Facet<String> {
 	private final Map<HelenusProperty, Object> properties;
 
-  public BoundFacet(HelenusProperty property, Object value) {
+	BoundFacet(String name, Map<HelenusProperty, Object> properties) {
-    super(property.getPropertyName(), value == null ? null : value.toString());
+		super(name,
-    this.properties = new HashMap<HelenusProperty, Object>(1);
-    this.properties.put(property, value);
-  }
-
-  public Set<HelenusProperty> getProperties() {
-    return properties.keySet();
-  }
-
-  public BoundFacet(String name, Map<HelenusProperty, Object> properties) {
-    super(
-        name,
 				(properties.keySet().size() > 1)
-            ? "["
+						? "[" + String.join(", ",
-                + String.join(
+								properties.keySet().stream().map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
-                    ", ",
-                    properties
-                        .keySet()
-                        .stream()
-                        .map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
 										.collect(Collectors.toSet()))
 								+ "]"
-            : String.join(
+						: String.join("", properties.keySet().stream().map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
-                "",
-                properties
-                    .keySet()
-                    .stream()
-                    .map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
 								.collect(Collectors.toSet())));
 		this.properties = properties;
 	}
+
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/CacheUtil.java

@@ -1,23 +1,15 @@
 package net.helenus.core.cache;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.Entity;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
-import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
-import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
-import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
-import net.helenus.mapping.value.BeanColumnValueProvider;
 
 public class CacheUtil {
 
 	public static List<String[]> combinations(List<String> items) {
 		int n = items.size();
-    if (n > 20) throw new IllegalArgumentException(n + " is out of range");
+		if (n > 20 || n < 0)
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(n + " is out of range");
 		long e = Math.round(Math.pow(2, n));
 		List<String[]> out = new ArrayList<String[]>((int) e - 1);
 		for (int k = 1; k <= items.size(); k++) {
@@ -26,8 +18,7 @@ public class CacheUtil {
 		return out;
 	}
 
-  private static void kCombinations(
+	private static void kCombinations(List<String> items, int n, int k, String[] arr, List<String[]> out) {
-      List<String> items, int n, int k, String[] arr, List<String[]> out) {
 		if (k == 0) {
 			out.add(arr.clone());
 		} else {
@@ -38,184 +29,21 @@ public class CacheUtil {
 		}
 	}
 
-  public static List<String> flatKeys(String table, List<Facet> facets) {
-    return flattenFacets(facets)
-        .stream()
-        .map(
-            combination -> {
-              return table + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-            })
-        .collect(Collectors.toList());
-  }
-
 	public static List<String[]> flattenFacets(List<Facet> facets) {
-    List<String[]> combinations =
+		List<String[]> combinations = CacheUtil.combinations(
-        CacheUtil.combinations(
+				facets.stream().filter(facet -> !facet.fixed()).filter(facet -> facet.value() != null).map(facet -> {
-            facets
-                .stream()
-                .filter(facet -> !facet.fixed())
-                .filter(facet -> facet.value() != null)
-                .map(
-                    facet -> {
 					return facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-                    })
+				}).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                .collect(Collectors.toList()));
-    // TODO(gburd): rework so as to not generate the combinations at all rather than filter
-    facets =
-        facets
-            .stream()
-            .filter(f -> !f.fixed())
-            .filter(f -> !f.alone() || !f.combined())
-            .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    for (Facet facet : facets) {
-      combinations =
-          combinations
-              .stream()
-              .filter(
-                  combo -> {
-                    // When used alone, this facet is not distinct so don't use it as a key.
-                    if (combo.length == 1) {
-                      if (!facet.alone() && combo[0].startsWith(facet.name() + "==")) {
-                        return false;
-                      }
-                    } else {
-                      if (!facet.combined()) {
-                        for (String c : combo) {
-                          // Don't use this facet in combination with others to create keys.
-                          if (c.startsWith(facet.name() + "==")) {
-                            return false;
-                          }
-                        }
-                      }
-                    }
-                    return true;
-                  })
-              .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
 		return combinations;
 	}
 
-  /** Merge changed values in the map behind `from` into `to`. */
+	public static Object merge(Object to, Object from) {
-  public static Object merge(Object t, Object f) {
+		return to; // TODO(gburd): yeah...
-    HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(t));
-
-    if (t == f) return t;
-    if (f == null) return t;
-    if (t == null) return f;
-
-    if (t instanceof MapExportable
-        && t instanceof Entity
-        && f instanceof MapExportable
-        && f instanceof Entity) {
-      Entity to = (Entity) t;
-      Entity from = (Entity) f;
-      Map<String, Object> toValueMap = ((MapExportable) to).toMap();
-      Map<String, Object> fromValueMap = ((MapExportable) from).toMap();
-      for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
-        switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
-          case PARTITION_KEY:
-          case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
-            continue;
-          default:
-            Object toVal = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(to, -1, prop, false);
-            Object fromVal = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(from, -1, prop, false);
-            String ttlKey = ttlKey(prop);
-            String writeTimeKey = writeTimeKey(prop);
-            int[] toTtlI = (int[]) toValueMap.get(ttlKey);
-            int toTtl = (toTtlI != null) ? toTtlI[0] : 0;
-            Long toWriteTime = (Long) toValueMap.get(writeTimeKey);
-            int[] fromTtlI = (int[]) fromValueMap.get(ttlKey);
-            int fromTtl = (fromTtlI != null) ? fromTtlI[0] : 0;
-            Long fromWriteTime = (Long) fromValueMap.get(writeTimeKey);
-
-            if (toVal != null) {
-              if (fromVal != null) {
-                if (toVal == fromVal) {
-                  // Case: object identity
-                  // Goal: ensure write time and ttl are also in sync
-                  if (fromWriteTime != null
-                      && fromWriteTime != 0L
-                      && (toWriteTime == null || fromWriteTime > toWriteTime)) {
-                    ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
-                  }
-                  if (fromTtl > 0 && fromTtl > toTtl) {
-                    ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
-                  }
-                } else if (fromWriteTime != null && fromWriteTime != 0L) {
-                  // Case: to exists and from exists
-                  // Goal: copy over from -> to iff from.writeTime > to.writeTime
-                  if (toWriteTime != null && toWriteTime != 0L) {
-                    if (fromWriteTime > toWriteTime) {
-                      ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
-                      ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
-                      if (fromTtl > 0) {
-                        ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
-                      }
-                    }
-                  } else {
-                    ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
-                    ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
-                    if (fromTtl > 0) {
-                      ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
-                    }
-                  }
-                } else {
-                  if (toWriteTime == null || toWriteTime == 0L) {
-                    // Caution, entering grey area...
-                    if (!toVal.equals(fromVal)) {
-                      // dangerous waters here, values diverge without information that enables resolution,
-                      // policy (for now) is to move value from -> to anyway.
-                      ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
-                      if (fromTtl > 0) {
-                        ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            } else {
-              // Case: from exists, but to doesn't (it's null)
-              // Goal: copy over from -> to, include ttl and writeTime if present
-              if (fromVal != null) {
-                ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
-                if (fromWriteTime != null && fromWriteTime != 0L) {
-                  ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
-                }
-                if (fromTtl > 0) {
-                  ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-        }
-      }
-      return to;
-    }
-    return t;
 	}
 
 	public static String schemaName(List<Facet> facets) {
-    return facets
+		return facets.stream().filter(Facet::fixed).map(facet -> facet.value().toString())
-        .stream()
-        .filter(Facet::fixed)
-        .map(facet -> facet.value().toString())
 				.collect(Collectors.joining("."));
 	}
 
-  public static String writeTimeKey(HelenusProperty prop) {
-    return writeTimeKey(prop.getColumnName().toCql(false));
-  }
-
-  public static String ttlKey(HelenusProperty prop) {
-    return ttlKey(prop.getColumnName().toCql(false));
-  }
-
-  public static String writeTimeKey(String columnName) {
-    String key = "_" + columnName + "_writeTime";
-    return key.toLowerCase();
-  }
-
-  public static String ttlKey(String columnName) {
-    String key = "_" + columnName + "_ttl";
-    return key.toLowerCase();
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/CaffeineCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.helenus.core.cache;
+
+public class CaffeineCache<K, V> implements SessionCache<K, V> {
+
+
+    final Cache<K, V> cache;
+
+    CaffeineCache(Cache<K, V> cache) {
+        this.cache = cache;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void invalidate(K key) {
+        cache.invalidate(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V get(K key) {
+        return cache.getIfPresent(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void put(K key, V value) {
+        cache.put(key, value);
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/Facet.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,13 +16,13 @@
 
 package net.helenus.core.cache;
 
-/** An Entity is identifiable via one or more Facets */
+/**
+ * An Entity is identifiable via one or more Facets
+ */
 public class Facet<T> {
 	private final String name;
 	private T value;
 	private boolean fixed = false;
-  private boolean alone = true;
-  private boolean combined = true;
 
 	public Facet(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
@@ -51,19 +50,4 @@ public class Facet<T> {
 		return fixed;
 	}
 
-  public void setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenAlone(boolean alone) {
-    this.alone = alone;
-  }
-
-  public void setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenCombined(boolean combined) {
-    this.combined = combined;
-  }
-
-  public boolean alone() {
-    return alone;
-  }
-
-  public boolean combined() {
-    return combined;
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/GuavaCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.helenus.core.cache;
+
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
+
+public class GuavaCache<K, V> implements SessionCache<K, V> {
+
+    final Cache<K, V> cache;
+
+    GuavaCache(Cache<K, V> cache) {
+        this.cache = cache;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void invalidate(K key) {
+        cache.invalidate(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V get(K key) {
+        return cache.getIfPresent(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void put(K key, V value) {
+        cache.put(key, value);
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/MapCache.java

@@ -1,463 +0,0 @@
-package net.helenus.core.cache;
-
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
-import javax.cache.Cache;
-import javax.cache.CacheManager;
-import javax.cache.configuration.CacheEntryListenerConfiguration;
-import javax.cache.configuration.Configuration;
-import javax.cache.event.CacheEntryRemovedListener;
-import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoader;
-import javax.cache.integration.CompletionListener;
-import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessor;
-import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorException;
-import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorResult;
-import javax.cache.processor.MutableEntry;
-
-public class MapCache<K, V> implements Cache<K, V> {
-  private final CacheManager manager;
-  private final String name;
-  private Map<K, V> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
-  private Set<CacheEntryRemovedListener<K, V>> cacheEntryRemovedListeners = new HashSet<>();
-  private CacheLoader<K, V> cacheLoader = null;
-  private boolean isReadThrough = false;
-
-  private static class MapConfiguration<K, V> implements Configuration<K, V> {
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6093947542772516209L;
-
-    @Override
-    public Class<K> getKeyType() {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public Class<V> getValueType() {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean isStoreByValue() {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  public MapCache(
-      CacheManager manager, String name, CacheLoader<K, V> cacheLoader, boolean isReadThrough) {
-    this.manager = manager;
-    this.name = name;
-    this.cacheLoader = cacheLoader;
-    this.isReadThrough = isReadThrough;
-  }
-
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public V get(K key) {
-    V value = null;
-    synchronized (map) {
-      value = map.get(key);
-      if (value == null && isReadThrough && cacheLoader != null) {
-        V loadedValue = cacheLoader.load(key);
-        if (loadedValue != null) {
-          map.put(key, loadedValue);
-          value = loadedValue;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public Map<K, V> getAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
-    Map<K, V> result = null;
-    synchronized (map) {
-      result = new HashMap<K, V>(keys.size());
-      Iterator<? extends K> it = keys.iterator();
-      while (it.hasNext()) {
-        K key = it.next();
-        V value = map.get(key);
-        if (value != null) {
-          result.put(key, value);
-          it.remove();
-        }
-      }
-      if (keys.size() != 0 && isReadThrough && cacheLoader != null) {
-        Map<K, V> loadedValues = cacheLoader.loadAll(keys);
-        for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : loadedValues.entrySet()) {
-          V v = entry.getValue();
-          if (v != null) {
-            K k = entry.getKey();
-            map.put(k, v);
-            result.put(k, v);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean containsKey(K key) {
-    return map.containsKey(key);
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void loadAll(
-      Set<? extends K> keys, boolean replaceExistingValues, CompletionListener completionListener) {
-    if (cacheLoader != null) {
-      try {
-        synchronized (map) {
-          Map<K, V> loadedValues = cacheLoader.loadAll(keys);
-          for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : loadedValues.entrySet()) {
-            V value = entry.getValue();
-            K key = entry.getKey();
-            if (value != null) {
-              boolean existsCurrently = map.containsKey(key);
-              if (!existsCurrently || replaceExistingValues) {
-                map.put(key, value);
-                keys.remove(key);
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      } catch (Exception e) {
-        if (completionListener != null) {
-          completionListener.onException(e);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (completionListener != null) {
-      if (keys.isEmpty()) {
-        completionListener.onCompletion();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void put(K key, V value) {
-    map.put(key, value);
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public V getAndPut(K key, V value) {
-    V result = null;
-    synchronized (map) {
-      result = map.get(key);
-      if (result == null && isReadThrough && cacheLoader != null) {
-        V loadedValue = cacheLoader.load(key);
-        if (loadedValue != null) {
-          result = loadedValue;
-        }
-      }
-      map.put(key, value);
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
-        this.map.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      if (!map.containsKey(key)) {
-        map.put(key, value);
-        return true;
-      } else {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean remove(K key) {
-    boolean removed = false;
-    synchronized (map) {
-      removed = map.remove(key) != null;
-      notifyRemovedListeners(key);
-    }
-    return removed;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean remove(K key, V oldValue) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      V value = map.get(key);
-      if (value != null && oldValue.equals(value)) {
-        map.remove(key);
-        notifyRemovedListeners(key);
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public V getAndRemove(K key) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      V oldValue = null;
-      oldValue = map.get(key);
-      map.remove(key);
-      notifyRemovedListeners(key);
-      return oldValue;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      V value = map.get(key);
-      if (value != null && oldValue.equals(value)) {
-        map.put(key, newValue);
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean replace(K key, V value) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      if (map.containsKey(key)) {
-        map.put(key, value);
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public V getAndReplace(K key, V value) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      V oldValue = map.get(key);
-      if (value != null && value.equals(oldValue)) {
-        map.put(key, value);
-        return oldValue;
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void removeAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      Iterator<? extends K> it = keys.iterator();
-      while (it.hasNext()) {
-        K key = it.next();
-        if (map.containsKey(key)) {
-          map.remove(key);
-        } else {
-          it.remove();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    notifyRemovedListeners(keys);
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void removeAll() {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      Set<K> keys = map.keySet();
-      map.clear();
-      notifyRemovedListeners(keys);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void clear() {
-    map.clear();
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public <C extends Configuration<K, V>> C getConfiguration(Class<C> clazz) {
-    if (!MapConfiguration.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public <T> T invoke(K key, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> entryProcessor, Object... arguments)
-      throws EntryProcessorException {
-    // TODO
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public <T> Map<K, EntryProcessorResult<T>> invokeAll(
-      Set<? extends K> keys, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> entryProcessor, Object... arguments) {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      for (K key : keys) {
-        V value = map.get(key);
-        if (value != null) {
-          entryProcessor.process(
-              new MutableEntry<K, V>() {
-                @Override
-                public boolean exists() {
-                  return map.containsKey(key);
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public void remove() {
-                  synchronized (map) {
-                    V value = map.get(key);
-                    if (value != null) {
-                      map.remove(key);
-                      notifyRemovedListeners(key);
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public K getKey() {
-                  return key;
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public V getValue() {
-                  return map.get(value);
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
-                  return null;
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public void setValue(V value) {
-                  map.put(key, value);
-                }
-              },
-              arguments);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public String getName() {
-    return name;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
-    return manager;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void close() {}
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public boolean isClosed() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
-    if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
-        return (T) map;
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void registerCacheEntryListener(
-      CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {
-    //cacheEntryRemovedListeners.add(cacheEntryListenerConfiguration.getCacheEntryListenerFactory().create());
-  }
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public void deregisterCacheEntryListener(
-      CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {}
-
-  /** {@inheritDoc} */
-  @Override
-  public Iterator<Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
-    synchronized (map) {
-      return new Iterator<Entry<K, V>>() {
-
-        Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> entries = map.entrySet().iterator();
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean hasNext() {
-          return entries.hasNext();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public Entry<K, V> next() {
-          Map.Entry<K, V> entry = entries.next();
-          return new Entry<K, V>() {
-            K key = entry.getKey();
-            V value = entry.getValue();
-
-            @Override
-            public K getKey() {
-              return key;
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public V getValue() {
-              return value;
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
-              return null;
-            }
-          };
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void remove() {
-          throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-      };
-    }
-  }
-
-  private void notifyRemovedListeners(K key) {
-    //      if (cacheEntryRemovedListeners != null) {
-    //          cacheEntryRemovedListeners.forEach(listener -> listener.onRemoved())
-    //      }
-  }
-
-  private void notifyRemovedListeners(Set<? extends K> keys) {}
-}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/MemcacheDbCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.helenus.core.cache;
+
+public class MemcacheDbCache<K, V> implements SessionCache<K, V> {
+    //final Cache<K, V> cache;
+
+    MemcacheDbCache() {
+        //this.cache = cache;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void invalidate(K key) {
+        //cache.invalidate(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V get(K key) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void put(K key, V value) {
+        //cache.put(key, value);
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/RedisCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.helenus.core.cache;
+
+public class RedisCache<K, V> implements SessionCache<K, V> {
+    //final Cache<K, V> cache;
+
+    RedisCache() {
+        //this.cache = cache;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void invalidate(K key) {
+        //cache.invalidate(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V get(K key) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void put(K key, V value) {
+        //cache.put(key, value);
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/SessionCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.helenus.core.cache;
+
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public interface SessionCache<K, V> {
+
+    static <K, V> SessionCache<K, V> defaultCache() {
+        int MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 10000;
+        int MAX_CACHE_EXPIRE_SECONDS = 600;
+        return new GuavaCache<K, V>(CacheBuilder.newBuilder().maximumSize(MAX_CACHE_SIZE)
+                .expireAfterAccess(MAX_CACHE_EXPIRE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                .expireAfterWrite(MAX_CACHE_EXPIRE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS).recordStats().build());
+    }
+
+    void invalidate(K key);
+    V get(K key);
+    void put(K key, V value);
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/UnboundFacet.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,36 +19,23 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+
 import net.helenus.core.SchemaUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
 public class UnboundFacet extends Facet<String> {
 
 	private final List<HelenusProperty> properties;
-  private final boolean alone;
-  private final boolean combined;
-
-  public UnboundFacet(List<HelenusProperty> properties, boolean alone, boolean combined) {
-    super(SchemaUtil.createPrimaryKeyPhrase(properties));
-    this.properties = properties;
-    this.alone = alone;
-    this.combined = combined;
-  }
 
 	public UnboundFacet(List<HelenusProperty> properties) {
-    this(properties, true, true);
+		super(SchemaUtil.createPrimaryKeyPhrase(properties));
-  }
+		this.properties = properties;
-
-  public UnboundFacet(HelenusProperty property, boolean alone, boolean combined) {
-    super(property.getPropertyName());
-    properties = new ArrayList<HelenusProperty>();
-    properties.add(property);
-    this.alone = alone;
-    this.combined = combined;
 	}
 
 	public UnboundFacet(HelenusProperty property) {
-    this(property, true, true);
+		super(property.getPropertyName());
+		properties = new ArrayList<HelenusProperty>();
+		properties.add(property);
 	}
 
 	public List<HelenusProperty> getProperties() {
@@ -57,22 +43,18 @@ public class UnboundFacet extends Facet<String> {
 	}
 
 	public Binder binder() {
-    return new Binder(name(), properties, alone, combined);
+		return new Binder(name(), properties);
 	}
 
 	public static class Binder {
 
 		private final String name;
-    private final boolean alone;
-    private final boolean combined;
 		private final List<HelenusProperty> properties = new ArrayList<HelenusProperty>();
 		private Map<HelenusProperty, Object> boundProperties = new HashMap<HelenusProperty, Object>();
 
-    Binder(String name, List<HelenusProperty> properties, boolean alone, boolean combined) {
+		Binder(String name, List<HelenusProperty> properties) {
 			this.name = name;
 			this.properties.addAll(properties);
-      this.alone = alone;
-      this.combined = combined;
 		}
 
 		public Binder setValueForProperty(HelenusProperty prop, Object value) {
@@ -86,10 +68,7 @@ public class UnboundFacet extends Facet<String> {
 		}
 
 		public BoundFacet bind() {
-      BoundFacet facet = new BoundFacet(name, boundProperties);
+			return new BoundFacet(name, boundProperties);
-      facet.setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenAlone(alone);
-      facet.setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenCombined(combined);
-      return facet;
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractFilterOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,14 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
 import net.helenus.core.*;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
-import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
 public abstract class AbstractFilterOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, O>>
-    extends AbstractOperation<E, O> {
+		extends
+			AbstractOperation<E, O> {
 
 	protected List<Filter<?>> filters = null;
 	protected List<Filter<?>> ifFilters = null;
@@ -110,59 +108,4 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterOperati
 		ifFilters.add(filter);
 	}
 
-  @Override
-  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
-    if (filters == null) {
-      return super.isIdempotentOperation();
-    }
-
-    return filters
-            .stream()
-            .anyMatch(
-                filter -> {
-                  HelenusPropertyNode node = filter.getNode();
-                  if (node != null) {
-                    HelenusProperty prop = node.getProperty();
-                    if (prop != null) {
-                      return prop.isIdempotent();
-                    }
-                  }
-                  return false;
-                })
-        || super.isIdempotentOperation();
-  }
-
-  protected List<Facet> bindFacetValues(List<Facet> facets) {
-    if (facets == null) {
-      return new ArrayList<Facet>();
-    }
-    List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
-    Map<HelenusProperty, Filter> filterMap = new HashMap<>(filters.size());
-    filters.forEach(f -> filterMap.put(f.getNode().getProperty(), f));
-
-    for (Facet facet : facets) {
-      if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
-        UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
-        UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-        if (filters != null) {
-          for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
-
-            Filter filter = filterMap.get(prop);
-            if (filter != null) {
-              Object[] postulates = filter.postulateValues();
-              for (Object p : postulates) {
-                binder.setValueForProperty(prop, p.toString());
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (binder.isBound()) {
-          boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
-        }
-      } else {
-        boundFacets.add(facet);
-      }
-    }
-    return boundFacets;
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractFilterOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,12 +19,13 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+
 import net.helenus.core.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
-public abstract class AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<
+public abstract class AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, O>>
-        E, O extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, O>>
+		extends
-    extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O> {
+			AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O> {
 
 	protected Map<HelenusProperty, Filter<?>> filters = null;
 	protected List<Filter<?>> ifFilters = null;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractFilterStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,12 +19,13 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+
 import net.helenus.core.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
-public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<
+public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O>>
-        E, O extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O>>
+		extends
-    extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, O> {
+			AbstractStreamOperation<E, O> {
 
 	protected Map<HelenusProperty, Filter<?>> filters = null;
 	protected List<Filter<?>> ifFilters = null;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<
 
 	public <V> O where(Getter<V> getter, Operator operator, V val) {
 
-    if (val != null) addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
+		addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
 
 		return (O) this;
 	}
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<
 
 	public <V> O and(Getter<V> getter, Operator operator, V val) {
 
-    if (val != null) addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
+		addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
 
 		return (O) this;
 	}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<
 
 	public <V> O onlyIf(Getter<V> getter, Operator operator, V val) {
 
-    if (val != null) addIfFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
+		addIfFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
 
 		return (O) this;
 	}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,16 +15,17 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 
-public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>>
+public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>> extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
-    extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
 
 	public AbstractOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>>
 	public E sync() throws TimeoutException {
 		final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
 		try {
-      ResultSet resultSet =
+			ResultSet resultSet = this.execute(sessionOps, null, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-          this.execute(
+					showValues, false);
-              sessionOps, null, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
 			return transform(resultSet);
 		} finally {
 			context.stop();
@@ -50,12 +49,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>>
 	}
 
 	public E sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
-    if (uow == null) return sync();
+		if (uow == null)
+			return sync();
 
 		final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
 		try {
-      ResultSet resultSet =
+			ResultSet resultSet = execute(sessionOps, uow, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-          execute(sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, true);
+					showValues, true);
 			E result = transform(resultSet);
 			return result;
 		} finally {
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>>
 	}
 
 	public CompletableFuture<E> async() {
-    return CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(
+		return CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(() -> {
-        () -> {
 			try {
 				return sync();
 			} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
@@ -75,17 +74,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>>
 	}
 
 	public CompletableFuture<E> async(UnitOfWork uow) {
-    if (uow == null) return async();
+		if (uow == null)
-    CompletableFuture<E> f =
+			return async();
-        CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(
+		return CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(() -> {
-            () -> {
 			try {
 				return sync();
 			} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
 				throw new CompletionException(ex);
 			}
 		});
-    uow.addFuture(f);
-    return f;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +17,12 @@ package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
 import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
 
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.PreparedStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
@@ -25,23 +30,15 @@ import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-import java.io.Serializable;
+
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
-import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
-import net.helenus.support.Fun;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 
 public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O>>
-    extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
+		extends
+			AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
 
 	public AbstractOptionalOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
@@ -55,8 +52,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 
 	public ListenableFuture<PreparedOptionalOperation<E>> prepareAsync() {
 		final O _this = (O) this;
-    return Futures.transform(
+		return Futures.transform(prepareStatementAsync(),
-        prepareStatementAsync(),
 				new Function<PreparedStatement, PreparedOptionalOperation<E>>() {
 					@Override
 					public PreparedOptionalOperation<E> apply(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) {
@@ -70,12 +66,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 		try {
 			Optional<E> result = Optional.empty();
 			E cacheResult = null;
-      boolean updateCache = isSessionCacheable() && !ignoreCache();
+			boolean updateCache = isSessionCacheable();
 
-      if (updateCache) {
+			if (enableCache && isSessionCacheable()) {
 				List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
-        if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
-          if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
 				String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
 				cacheResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
 				if (cacheResult != null) {
@@ -88,35 +82,20 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 					cacheMiss.mark();
 				}
 			}
-        } else {
-          //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
-        }
-      }
 
 			if (!result.isPresent()) {
 				// Formulate the query and execute it against the Cassandra cluster.
-        ResultSet resultSet =
+				ResultSet resultSet = this.execute(sessionOps, null, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout,
-            this.execute(
+						queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
-                sessionOps,
-                null,
-                queryExecutionTimeout,
-                queryTimeoutUnits,
-                showValues,
-                isSessionCacheable());
 
 				// Transform the query result set into the desired shape.
 				result = transform(resultSet);
 			}
 
 			if (updateCache && result.isPresent()) {
-        E r = result.get();
-        Class<?> resultClass = r.getClass();
-        if (!(resultClass.getEnclosingClass() != null
-            && resultClass.getEnclosingClass() == Fun.class)) {
 				List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
 				if (facets != null && facets.size() > 1) {
-            sessionOps.updateCache(r, facets);
+					sessionOps.updateCache(result.get(), facets);
-          }
 				}
 			}
 			return result;
@@ -125,8 +104,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 		}
 	}
 
-  public Optional<E> sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+	public Optional<E> sync(UnitOfWork<?> uow) throws TimeoutException {
-    if (uow == null) return sync();
+		if (uow == null)
+			return sync();
 
 		final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
 		try {
@@ -135,12 +115,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 			E cachedResult = null;
 			final boolean updateCache;
 
-      if (!ignoreCache()) {
+			if (enableCache) {
 				Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
 				try {
 					List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
-          if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
+					if (facets != null) {
-            if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
 						cachedResult = checkCache(uow, facets);
 						if (cachedResult != null) {
 							updateCache = false;
@@ -149,41 +128,23 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 							cacheHits.mark();
 							uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
 						} else {
+							updateCache = true;
 							uowCacheMiss.mark();
 							if (isSessionCacheable()) {
 								String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
 								cachedResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
 								if (cachedResult != null) {
-                    Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(cachedResult);
-                    if (Helenus.entity(iface).isDraftable()) {
 									result = Optional.of(cachedResult);
-                    } else {
-                      result =
-                          Optional.of(
-                              (E)
-                                  SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone(
-                                      (Serializable) cachedResult));
-                    }
-                    updateCache = false;
 									sessionCacheHits.mark();
 									cacheHits.mark();
 									uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
 								} else {
-                    updateCache = true;
 									sessionCacheMiss.mark();
 									cacheMiss.mark();
 									uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
 								}
-                } else {
-                  updateCache = false;
 							}
 						}
-            } else {
-              //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
-              updateCache = false; //true;
-              cacheMiss.mark();
-              uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
-            }
 					} else {
 						updateCache = false;
 					}
@@ -205,8 +166,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 			} else {
 
 				// Formulate the query and execute it against the Cassandra cluster.
-        ResultSet resultSet =
+				ResultSet resultSet = execute(sessionOps, uow, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-            execute(sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, true);
+						showValues, true);
 
 				// Transform the query result set into the desired shape.
 				result = transform(resultSet);
@@ -214,11 +175,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 
 			// If we have a result, it wasn't from the UOW cache, and we're caching things
 			// then we need to put this result into the cache for future requests to find.
-      if (updateCache && result.isPresent()) {
+			if (updateCache && result.isPresent() && result.get() != deleted) {
-        E r = result.get();
+				cacheUpdate(uow, result.get(), getFacets());
-        if (!(r instanceof Fun) && r != deleted) {
-          cacheUpdate(uow, r, getFacets());
-        }
 			}
 
 			return result;
@@ -228,8 +186,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 	}
 
 	public CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> async() {
-    return CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(
+		return CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-        () -> {
 			try {
 				return sync();
 			} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
@@ -238,18 +195,15 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 		});
 	}
 
-  public CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> async(UnitOfWork uow) {
+	public CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> async(UnitOfWork<?> uow) {
-    if (uow == null) return async();
+		if (uow == null)
-    CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> f =
+			return async();
-        CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(
+		return CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-            () -> {
 			try {
 				return sync();
 			} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
 				throw new CompletionException(ex);
 			}
 		});
-    uow.addFuture(f);
-    return f;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractStatementOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +15,12 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ConsistencyLevel;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.PreparedStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.RegularStatement;
@@ -26,11 +31,9 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.policies.FallthroughRetryPolicy;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.policies.RetryPolicy;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
+
-import java.util.List;
+import brave.Tracer;
-import java.util.Map;
+import brave.propagation.TraceContext;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
@@ -40,16 +43,20 @@ import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.BeanColumnValueProvider;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
-public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O>>
+public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O>> extends Operation<E> {
-    extends Operation<E> {
+
-  private boolean ignoreCache = false;
+	protected boolean enableCache = true;
+	protected boolean showValues = true;
+	protected TraceContext traceContext;
+	long queryExecutionTimeout = 10;
+	TimeUnit queryTimeoutUnits = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 	private ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel;
 	private ConsistencyLevel serialConsistencyLevel;
 	private RetryPolicy retryPolicy;
+	private boolean idempotent = false;
 	private boolean enableTracing = false;
 	private long[] defaultTimestamp = null;
 	private int[] fetchSize = null;
-  protected boolean idempotent = false;
 
 	public AbstractStatementOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
@@ -59,13 +66,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 
 	public abstract Statement buildStatement(boolean cached);
 
-  public O uncached(boolean enabled) {
+	public O ignoreCache(boolean enabled) {
-    ignoreCache = !enabled;
+		enableCache = enabled;
 		return (O) this;
 	}
 
-  public O uncached() {
+	public O ignoreCache() {
-    ignoreCache = true;
+		enableCache = true;
 		return (O) this;
 	}
 
@@ -246,16 +253,22 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 			statement.setFetchSize(fetchSize[0]);
 		}
 
-    if (isIdempotentOperation()) {
+		if (idempotent) {
 			statement.setIdempotent(true);
 		}
 
 		return statement;
 	}
 
-  @Override
+	public O zipkinContext(TraceContext traceContext) {
-  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+		if (traceContext != null) {
-    return idempotent;
+			Tracer tracer = this.sessionOps.getZipkinTracer();
+			if (tracer != null) {
+				this.traceContext = traceContext;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return (O) this;
 	}
 
 	public Statement statement() {
@@ -264,7 +277,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 
 	public String cql() {
 		Statement statement = buildStatement(false);
-    if (statement == null) return "";
+		if (statement == null)
+			return "";
 		if (statement instanceof BuiltStatement) {
 			BuiltStatement buildStatement = (BuiltStatement) statement;
 			return buildStatement.setForceNoValues(true).getQueryString();
@@ -301,11 +315,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 		throw new HelenusException("only RegularStatements can be prepared");
 	}
 
-  protected boolean ignoreCache() {
+	protected E checkCache(UnitOfWork<?> uow, List<Facet> facets) {
-    return ignoreCache;
-  }
-
-  protected E checkCache(UnitOfWork uow, List<Facet> facets) {
 		E result = null;
 		Optional<Object> optionalCachedResult = Optional.empty();
 
@@ -319,10 +329,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 		return result;
 	}
 
-  protected Object cacheUpdate(UnitOfWork uow, E pojo, List<Facet> identifyingFacets) {
+	protected void cacheUpdate(UnitOfWork<?> uow, E pojo, List<Facet> identifyingFacets) {
 		List<Facet> facets = new ArrayList<>();
-    Map<String, Object> valueMap =
+		Map<String, Object> valueMap = pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
-        pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
 
 		for (Facet facet : identifyingFacets) {
 			if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
@@ -351,6 +360,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 		}
 
 		// Cache the value (pojo), the statement key, and the fully bound facets.
-    return uow.cacheUpdate(pojo, facets);
+		uow.cacheUpdate(pojo, facets);
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +17,13 @@ package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
 import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.PreparedStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
@@ -25,24 +31,15 @@ import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-import java.io.Serializable;
+
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
-import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
-import net.helenus.support.Fun;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 
 public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, O>>
-    extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
+		extends
+			AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
 
 	public AbstractStreamOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
@@ -56,8 +53,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 
 	public ListenableFuture<PreparedStreamOperation<E>> prepareAsync() {
 		final O _this = (O) this;
-    return Futures.transform(
+		return Futures.transform(prepareStatementAsync(),
-        prepareStatementAsync(),
 				new Function<PreparedStatement, PreparedStreamOperation<E>>() {
 					@Override
 					public PreparedStreamOperation<E> apply(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) {
@@ -73,10 +69,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 			E cacheResult = null;
 			boolean updateCache = isSessionCacheable();
 
-      if (!ignoreCache() && isSessionCacheable()) {
+			if (enableCache && isSessionCacheable()) {
 				List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
-        if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
-          if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
 				String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
 				cacheResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
 				if (cacheResult != null) {
@@ -88,22 +82,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 					sessionCacheMiss.mark();
 					cacheMiss.mark();
 				}
-          } else {
-            //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
-          }
-        }
 			}
 
 			if (resultStream == null) {
 				// Formulate the query and execute it against the Cassandra cluster.
-        ResultSet resultSet =
+				ResultSet resultSet = this.execute(sessionOps, null, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout,
-            this.execute(
+						queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
-                sessionOps,
-                null,
-                queryExecutionTimeout,
-                queryTimeoutUnits,
-                showValues,
-                isSessionCacheable());
 
 				// Transform the query result set into the desired shape.
 				resultStream = transform(resultSet);
@@ -113,13 +97,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 				List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
 				if (facets != null && facets.size() > 1) {
 					List<E> again = new ArrayList<>();
-          resultStream.forEach(
+					resultStream.forEach(result -> {
-              result -> {
-                Class<?> resultClass = result.getClass();
-                if (!(resultClass.getEnclosingClass() != null
-                    && resultClass.getEnclosingClass() == Fun.class)) {
 						sessionOps.updateCache(result, facets);
-                }
 						again.add(result);
 					});
 					resultStream = again.stream();
@@ -133,7 +112,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 	}
 
 	public Stream<E> sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
-    if (uow == null) return sync();
+		if (uow == null)
+			return sync();
 
 		final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
 		try {
@@ -141,12 +121,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 			E cachedResult = null;
 			final boolean updateCache;
 
-      if (!ignoreCache()) {
+			if (enableCache) {
 				Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
 				try {
 					List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
-          if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
+					if (facets != null) {
-            if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
 						cachedResult = checkCache(uow, facets);
 						if (cachedResult != null) {
 							updateCache = false;
@@ -155,40 +134,23 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 							cacheHits.mark();
 							uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
 						} else {
+							updateCache = true;
 							uowCacheMiss.mark();
 							if (isSessionCacheable()) {
 								String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
 								cachedResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
 								if (cachedResult != null) {
-                    Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(cachedResult);
+									resultStream = Stream.of(cachedResult);
-                    E result = null;
-                    if (Helenus.entity(iface).isDraftable()) {
-                      result = cachedResult;
-                    } else {
-                      result =
-                          (E) SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone((Serializable) cachedResult);
-                    }
-                    updateCache = false;
-                    resultStream = Stream.of(result);
 									sessionCacheHits.mark();
 									cacheHits.mark();
 									uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
 								} else {
-                    updateCache = true;
 									sessionCacheMiss.mark();
 									cacheMiss.mark();
 									uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
 								}
-                } else {
-                  updateCache = false;
 							}
 						}
-            } else {
-              //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
-              updateCache = false; //true;
-              cacheMiss.mark();
-              uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
-            }
 					} else {
 						updateCache = false;
 					}
@@ -202,30 +164,26 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 
 			// Check to see if we fetched the object from the cache
 			if (resultStream == null) {
-        ResultSet resultSet =
+				ResultSet resultSet = execute(sessionOps, uow, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-            execute(sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, true);
+						showValues, true);
 				resultStream = transform(resultSet);
 			}
 
 			// If we have a result and we're caching then we need to put it into the cache
 			// for future requests to find.
 			if (resultStream != null) {
-        if (updateCache) {
 				List<E> again = new ArrayList<>();
 				List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
-          resultStream.forEach(
+				resultStream.forEach(result -> {
-              result -> {
+					if (result != deleted) {
-                Class<?> resultClass = result.getClass();
+						if (updateCache) {
-                if (result != deleted
+							cacheUpdate(uow, result, facets);
-                    && !(resultClass.getEnclosingClass() != null
-                        && resultClass.getEnclosingClass() == Fun.class)) {
-                  result = (E) cacheUpdate(uow, result, facets);
 						}
 						again.add(result);
+					}
 				});
 				resultStream = again.stream();
 			}
-      }
 
 			return resultStream;
 		} finally {
@@ -234,8 +192,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 	}
 
 	public CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> async() {
-    return CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(
+		return CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-        () -> {
 			try {
 				return sync();
 			} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
@@ -245,17 +202,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 	}
 
 	public CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> async(UnitOfWork uow) {
-    if (uow == null) return async();
+		if (uow == null)
-    CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> f =
+			return async();
-        CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(
+		return CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-            () -> {
 			try {
 				return sync();
 			} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
 				throw new CompletionException(ex);
 			}
 		});
-    uow.addFuture(f);
-    return f;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BatchOperation.java

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
- *
- *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- *   limitations under the License.
- */
-package net.helenus.core.operation;
-
-import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.AtomicMonotonicTimestampGenerator;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.BatchStatement;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.TimestampGenerator;
-import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
-import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
-
-public class BatchOperation extends Operation<Long> {
-  //TODO(gburd): find the way to get the driver's timestamp generator
-  private static final TimestampGenerator timestampGenerator =
-      new AtomicMonotonicTimestampGenerator();
-
-  private final BatchStatement batch;
-  private List<AbstractOperation<?, ?>> operations = new ArrayList<AbstractOperation<?, ?>>();
-  private boolean logged = true;
-
-  public BatchOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
-    super(sessionOperations);
-    batch = new BatchStatement();
-  }
-
-  public void add(AbstractOperation<?, ?> operation) {
-    operations.add(operation);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BatchStatement buildStatement(boolean cached) {
-    batch.addAll(
-        operations.stream().map(o -> o.buildStatement(cached)).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-    batch.setConsistencyLevel(sessionOps.getDefaultConsistencyLevel());
-    return batch;
-  }
-
-  public BatchOperation logged() {
-    logged = true;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public BatchOperation setLogged(boolean logStatements) {
-    logged = logStatements;
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  public Long sync() {
-    if (operations.size() == 0) return 0L;
-    final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
-    try {
-        batch.setDefaultTimestamp(timestampGenerator.next());
-        ResultSet resultSet =
-                this.execute(
-                        sessionOps, null, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
-        if (!resultSet.wasApplied()) {
-            throw new HelenusException("Failed to apply batch.");
-        }
-    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-        throw new HelenusException(e);
-    } finally {
-      context.stop();
-    }
-    return batch.getDefaultTimestamp();
-  }
-
-  public Long sync(UnitOfWork uow) {
-    if (operations.size() == 0) return 0L;
-    if (uow == null) return sync();
-
-    final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
-    final Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
-    try {
-        uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(0, 1);
-        batch.setDefaultTimestamp(timestampGenerator.next());
-        ResultSet resultSet =
-                this.execute(
-                        sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
-        if (!resultSet.wasApplied()) {
-            throw new HelenusException("Failed to apply batch.");
-        }
-    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-        throw new HelenusException(e);
-    } finally {
-      context.stop();
-      timer.stop();
-    }
-    uow.addDatabaseTime("Cassandra", timer);
-    return batch.getDefaultTimestamp();
-  }
-
-  public void addAll(BatchOperation batch) {
-    batch.operations.forEach(o -> this.operations.add(o));
-  }
-
-  public String toString() {
-    return toString(true); //TODO(gburd): sessionOps.showQueryValues()
-  }
-
-  public String toString(boolean showValues) {
-    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
-    s.append("BEGIN ");
-    if (!logged) {
-      s.append("UNLOGGED ");
-    }
-    s.append("BATCH ");
-
-    if (batch.getDefaultTimestamp() > -9223372036854775808L) {
-      s.append("USING TIMESTAMP ").append(String.valueOf(batch.getDefaultTimestamp())).append(" ");
-    }
-    s.append(
-        operations
-            .stream()
-            .map(o -> Operation.queryString(o.buildStatement(showValues), showValues))
-            .collect(Collectors.joining(" ")));
-    s.append(" APPLY BATCH;");
-    return s.toString();
-  }
-}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BoundOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BoundOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,19 +15,18 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.Optional;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.BoundStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
-import java.util.Optional;
 
-public final class BoundOptionalOperation<E>
+public final class BoundOptionalOperation<E> extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, BoundOptionalOperation<E>> {
-    extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, BoundOptionalOperation<E>> {
 
 	private final BoundStatement boundStatement;
 	private final AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> delegate;
 
-  public BoundOptionalOperation(
+	public BoundOptionalOperation(BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
-      BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
 		super(operation.sessionOps);
 		this.boundStatement = boundStatement;
 		this.delegate = operation;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BoundStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,21 +15,21 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.BoundStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
-import java.util.List;
+
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
-public final class BoundStreamOperation<E>
+public final class BoundStreamOperation<E> extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, BoundStreamOperation<E>> {
-    extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, BoundStreamOperation<E>> {
 
 	private final BoundStatement boundStatement;
 	private final AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> delegate;
 
-  public BoundStreamOperation(
+	public BoundStreamOperation(BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
-      BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
 		super(operation.sessionOps);
 		this.boundStatement = boundStatement;
 		this.delegate = operation;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/CountOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select.Where;
+
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.Filter;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ public final class CountOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<Long, CountOpe
 	public CountOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusEntity entity) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 		this.entity = entity;
-    //TODO(gburd): cache SELECT COUNT results within the scope of a UOW
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -75,11 +74,8 @@ public final class CountOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<Long, CountOpe
 		if (entity == null) {
 			entity = p.getEntity();
 		} else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can count columns only in single entity "
-          "you can count columns only in single entity "
+					+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
-              + entity.getMappingInterface()
-              + " or "
-              + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/DeleteOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,20 +15,26 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Delete;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Delete.Where;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-import java.util.List;
+
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.Filter;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class DeleteOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<ResultSet, DeleteOperation> {
@@ -123,20 +128,44 @@ public final class DeleteOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<ResultSet, De
 		if (entity == null) {
 			entity = p.getEntity();
 		} else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can delete rows only in single entity "
-          "you can delete rows only in single entity "
+					+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
-              + entity.getMappingInterface()
-              + " or "
-              + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
 		}
 	}
 
-  public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
+	public List<Facet> bindFacetValues(List<Facet> facets) {
-    return bindFacetValues(getFacets());
+		if (facets == null) {
+			return new ArrayList<Facet>();
+		}
+		List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
+		Map<HelenusProperty, Filter> filterMap = new HashMap<>(filters.size());
+		filters.forEach(f -> filterMap.put(f.getNode().getProperty(), f));
+
+		for (Facet facet : facets) {
+			if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
+				UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
+				UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
+				if (filters != null) {
+					for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
+
+						Filter filter = filterMap.get(prop);
+						if (filter != null) {
+							Object[] postulates = filter.postulateValues();
+							for (Object p : postulates) {
+								binder.setValueForProperty(prop, p.toString());
+							}
+						}
 					}
 
-  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+				}
-    return true;
+				if (binder.isBound()) {
+					boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
+				}
+			} else {
+				boundFacets.add(facet);
+			}
+		}
+		return boundFacets;
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -148,28 +177,20 @@ public final class DeleteOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<ResultSet, De
 		return result;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public List<Facet> getFacets() {
+		return entity.getFacets();
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public ResultSet sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
 		if (uow == null) {
 			return sync();
 		}
 		ResultSet result = super.sync(uow);
-    uow.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
+		List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
+		uow.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues(facets));
 		return result;
 	}
 
-  public ResultSet batch(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
-    if (uow == null) {
-      throw new HelenusException("UnitOfWork cannot be null when batching operations.");
-    }
-
-    uow.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
-    uow.batch(this);
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public List<Facet> getFacets() {
-    return entity.getFacets();
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/InsertOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,24 +15,23 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Insert;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-import java.util.*;
+
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.Getter;
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DefaultPrimitiveTypes;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.Drafted;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
@@ -44,63 +42,37 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperation<T>> {
 
-  private final List<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>> values =
+	private final List<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>> values = new ArrayList<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>>();
-      new ArrayList<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>>();
 	private final T pojo;
 	private final Class<?> resultType;
-  private final Set<String> readSet;
 	private HelenusEntity entity;
 	private boolean ifNotExists;
 
 	private int[] ttl;
 	private long[] timestamp;
-  private long writeTime = 0L;
 
 	public InsertOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, boolean ifNotExists) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 
-    this.pojo = null;
-    this.readSet = null;
 		this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
+		this.pojo = null;
 		this.resultType = ResultSet.class;
 	}
 
-  public InsertOperation(
+	public InsertOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Class<?> resultType, boolean ifNotExists) {
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
-      HelenusEntity entity,
-      Class<?> resultType,
-      boolean ifNotExists) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 
-    this.pojo = null;
-    this.readSet = null;
 		this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
+		this.pojo = null;
 		this.resultType = resultType;
+	}
+
+	public InsertOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusEntity entity, T pojo,
+			Set<String> mutations, boolean ifNotExists) {
+		super(sessionOperations);
+
 		this.entity = entity;
-  }
-
-  public InsertOperation(
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Class<?> resultType, boolean ifNotExists) {
-    super(sessionOperations);
-
-    this.pojo = null;
-    this.readSet = null;
-    this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
-    this.resultType = resultType;
-  }
-
-  public InsertOperation(
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
-      HelenusEntity entity,
-      T pojo,
-      Set<String> mutations,
-      Set<String> read,
-      boolean ifNotExists) {
-    super(sessionOperations);
-
 		this.pojo = pojo;
-    this.readSet = read;
-    this.entity = entity;
 		this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
 		this.resultType = entity.getMappingInterface();
 
@@ -159,34 +131,11 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 
 	@Override
 	public BuiltStatement buildStatement(boolean cached) {
-    List<HelenusEntity> entities =
-        values
-            .stream()
-            .map(t -> t._1.getProperty().getEntity())
-            .distinct()
-            .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    if (entities.size() != 1) {
-      throw new HelenusMappingException(
-          "you can insert only single entity at a time, found: "
-              + entities
-                  .stream()
-                  .map(e -> e.getMappingInterface().toString())
-                  .collect(Collectors.joining(", ")));
-    }
-    HelenusEntity entity = entities.get(0);
-    if (this.entity != null) {
-      if (this.entity != entity) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
-            "you can insert only single entity at a time, found: "
-                + this.entity.getMappingInterface().toString()
-                + ", "
-                + entity.getMappingInterface().toString());
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.entity = entity;
-    }
 
-    if (values.isEmpty()) return null;
+		values.forEach(t -> addPropertyNode(t._1));
+
+		if (values.isEmpty())
+			return null;
 
 		if (entity == null) {
 			throw new HelenusMappingException("unknown entity");
@@ -198,13 +147,10 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 			insert.ifNotExists();
 		}
 
-    values.forEach(
+		values.forEach(t -> {
-        t -> {
 			insert.value(t._1.getColumnName(), t._2);
 		});
 
-    //TODO(gburd): IF NOT EXISTS when @Constraints.Relationship is 1:1 or 1:m
-
 		if (this.ttl != null) {
 			insert.using(QueryBuilder.ttl(this.ttl[0]));
 		}
@@ -215,9 +161,12 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 		return insert;
 	}
 
-  private T newInstance(Class<?> iface) {
+	@Override
+	public T transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
+		Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
+		if (resultType == iface) {
 			if (values.size() > 0) {
-      boolean immutable = entity.isDraftable();
+				boolean immutable = iface.isAssignableFrom(Drafted.class);
 				Collection<HelenusProperty> properties = entity.getOrderedProperties();
 				Map<String, Object> backingMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(properties.size());
 
@@ -230,8 +179,8 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 					if (backingMap.containsKey(key)) {
 						// Some values man need to be converted (e.g. from String to Enum). This is done
 						// within the BeanColumnValueProvider below.
-          Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+						Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop
-              prop.getReadConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+								.getReadConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 						if (converter.isPresent()) {
 							backingMap.put(key, converter.get().apply(backingMap.get(key)));
 						}
@@ -239,8 +188,8 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 						// If we started this operation with an instance of this type, use values from
 						// that.
 						if (pojo != null) {
-            backingMap.put(
+							backingMap.put(key,
-                key, BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, immutable));
+									BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, immutable));
 						} else {
 							// Otherwise we'll use default values for the property type if available.
 							Class<?> propType = prop.getJavaType();
@@ -258,24 +207,11 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 				// Lastly, create a new proxy object for the entity and return the new instance.
 				return (T) Helenus.map(iface, backingMap);
 			}
-    return null;
+			// Oddly, this insert didn't change any value so simply return the pojo.
-  }
+			// TODO(gburd): this pojo is the result of a Draft.build() call which will not
-
+			// preserve object identity (o1 == o2), ... fix me.
-  @Override
-  public T transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
-    if ((ifNotExists == true) && (resultSet.wasApplied() == false)) {
-      throw new HelenusException("Statement was not applied due to consistency constraints");
-    }
-
-    Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
-    if (resultType == iface) {
-      T o = newInstance(iface);
-      if (o == null) {
-        // Oddly, this insert didn't change anything so simply return the pojo.
 			return (T) pojo;
 		}
-      return o;
-    }
 		return (T) resultSet;
 	}
 
@@ -291,48 +227,20 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 		return this;
 	}
 
-  protected void adjustTtlAndWriteTime(MapExportable pojo) {
+	private void addPropertyNode(HelenusPropertyNode p) {
-    if (ttl != null || writeTime != 0L) {
+		if (entity == null) {
-      List<String> columnNames =
+			entity = p.getEntity();
-          values
+		} else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-              .stream()
+			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can insert only single entity " + entity.getMappingInterface()
-              .map(t -> t._1.getProperty())
+					+ " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
-              .filter(
-                  prop -> {
-                    switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
-                      case PARTITION_KEY:
-                      case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
-                        return false;
-                      default:
-                        return true;
 		}
-                  })
-              .map(prop -> prop.getColumnName().toCql(false))
-              .collect(Collectors.toList());
-
-      if (columnNames.size() > 0) {
-        if (ttl != null) {
-          columnNames.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.ttlKey(name), ttl));
-        }
-        if (writeTime != 0L) {
-          columnNames.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(name), writeTime));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
-    return values.stream().map(v -> v._1.getProperty()).allMatch(prop -> prop.isIdempotent())
-        || super.isIdempotentOperation();
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public T sync() throws TimeoutException {
 		T result = super.sync();
 		if (entity.isCacheable() && result != null) {
-      adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
+			sessionOps.updateCache(result, entity.getFacets());
-      sessionOps.updateCache(result, bindFacetValues());
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -343,76 +251,13 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 			return sync();
 		}
 		T result = super.sync(uow);
-    if (result != null && pojo != null && !(pojo == result) && pojo.equals(result)) {
-      // To preserve object identity we need to find this object in cache
-      // because it was unchanged by the INSERT but pojo in this case was
-      // the result of a draft.build().
-      T cachedValue = (T) uow.cacheLookup(bindFacetValues());
-      if (cachedValue != null) {
-        result = cachedValue;
-      }
-    }
 		Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
 		if (resultType == iface) {
-      if (entity != null && MapExportable.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface())) {
+			cacheUpdate(uow, result, entity.getFacets());
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
-      }
-      cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
 
-  public T batch(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
-    if (uow == null) {
-      throw new HelenusException("UnitOfWork cannot be null when batching operations.");
-    }
-
-    if (this.entity != null) {
-      Class<?> iface = this.entity.getMappingInterface();
-      if (resultType == iface) {
-        final T result = (pojo == null) ? newInstance(iface) : pojo;
-        if (result != null) {
-          adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
-          cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
-        }
-        uow.batch(this);
-        return (T) result;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return sync(uow);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
-    List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
-    if (facets == null || facets.size() == 0) {
-      return new ArrayList<Facet>();
-    }
-    List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
-    Map<HelenusProperty, Object> valuesMap = new HashMap<>(values.size());
-    values.forEach(t -> valuesMap.put(t._1.getProperty(), t._2));
-
-    for (Facet facet : facets) {
-      if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
-        UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
-        UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-        for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
-          Object value = valuesMap.get(prop);
-          if (value != null) {
-            binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
-          }
-        }
-        if (binder.isBound()) {
-          boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
-        }
-      } else {
-        boundFacets.add(facet);
-      }
-    }
-    return boundFacets;
-  }
-
 	@Override
 	public List<Facet> getFacets() {
 		if (entity != null) {
@@ -421,4 +266,5 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 			return new ArrayList<Facet>();
 		}
 	}
+
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/Operation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,33 +15,36 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import com.codahale.metrics.Meter;
-import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
-import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
-import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.Meter;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.RegularStatement;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSetFuture;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+
+import brave.Span;
+import brave.Tracer;
+import brave.propagation.TraceContext;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public abstract class Operation<E> {
 
 	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Operation.class);
 
 	protected final AbstractSessionOperations sessionOps;
-  protected boolean showValues;
-  protected long queryExecutionTimeout = 10;
-  protected TimeUnit queryTimeoutUnits = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 	protected final Meter uowCacheHits;
 	protected final Meter uowCacheMiss;
 	protected final Meter sessionCacheHits;
@@ -53,7 +55,6 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
 
 	Operation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		this.sessionOps = sessionOperations;
-    this.showValues = sessionOps.showValues();
 		MetricRegistry metrics = sessionOperations.getMetricRegistry();
 		if (metrics == null) {
 			metrics = new MetricRegistry();
@@ -67,10 +68,6 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
 		this.requestLatency = metrics.timer("net.helenus.request-latency");
 	}
 
-  public static String queryString(BatchOperation operation, boolean includeValues) {
-    return operation.toString(includeValues);
-  }
-
 	public static String queryString(Statement statement, boolean includeValues) {
 		String query = null;
 		if (statement instanceof BuiltStatement) {
@@ -86,87 +83,51 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
 			query = regularStatement.getQueryString();
 		} else {
 			query = statement.toString();
+
 		}
 		return query;
 	}
 
-  public ResultSet execute(
+	public ResultSet execute(AbstractSessionOperations session, UnitOfWork uow, TraceContext traceContext, long timeout,
-      AbstractSessionOperations session,
+			TimeUnit units, boolean showValues, boolean cached) throws TimeoutException {
-      UnitOfWork uow,
+
-      long timeout,
+		// Start recording in a Zipkin sub-span our execution time to perform this
-      TimeUnit units,
+		// operation.
-      boolean showValues,
+		Tracer tracer = session.getZipkinTracer();
-      boolean cached)
+		Span span = null;
-      throws TimeoutException {
+		if (tracer != null && traceContext != null) {
+			span = tracer.newChild(traceContext);
+		}
+
+		try {
+
+			if (span != null) {
+				span.name("cassandra");
+				span.start();
+			}
 
 			Statement statement = options(buildStatement(cached));
-
-    if (session.isShowCql()) {
-      String stmt =
-          (this instanceof BatchOperation)
-              ? queryString((BatchOperation) this, showValues)
-              : queryString(statement, showValues);
-      session.getPrintStream().println(stmt);
-    } else if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
-      String stmt =
-          (this instanceof BatchOperation)
-              ? queryString((BatchOperation) this, showValues)
-              : queryString(statement, showValues);
-      LOG.info("CQL> " + stmt);
-    }
-
 			Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
 			try {
-      ResultSetFuture futureResultSet = session.executeAsync(statement, uow, timer);
+				ResultSetFuture futureResultSet = session.executeAsync(statement, uow, timer, showValues);
-      if (uow != null) uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(0, 1);
+				if (uow != null)
+					uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(0, 1);
 				ResultSet resultSet = futureResultSet.getUninterruptibly(timeout, units);
-      ColumnDefinitions columnDefinitions = resultSet.getColumnDefinitions();
-      if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
-        ExecutionInfo ei = resultSet.getExecutionInfo();
-        Host qh = ei.getQueriedHost();
-        String oh =
-            ei.getTriedHosts()
-                .stream()
-                .map(Host::getAddress)
-                .map(InetAddress::toString)
-                .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-        ConsistencyLevel cl = ei.getAchievedConsistencyLevel();
-        if (cl == null) {
-          cl = statement.getConsistencyLevel();
-        }
-        int se = ei.getSpeculativeExecutions();
-        String warn = ei.getWarnings().stream().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-        String ri =
-            String.format(
-                "%s %s ~%s %s %s%s%sspec-retries: %d",
-                "server v" + qh.getCassandraVersion(),
-                qh.getAddress().toString(),
-                (oh != null && !oh.equals("")) ? " [tried: " + oh + "]" : "",
-                qh.getDatacenter(),
-                qh.getRack(),
-                (cl != null)
-                    ? (" consistency: "
-                        + cl.name()
-                        + " "
-                        + (cl.isDCLocal() ? " DC " : "")
-                        + (cl.isSerial() ? " SC " : ""))
-                    : "",
-                (warn != null && !warn.equals("")) ? ": " + warn : "",
-                se);
-        if (uow != null) uow.setInfo(ri);
-        else LOG.debug(ri);
-      }
-      if (!resultSet.wasApplied()
-          && !(columnDefinitions.size() > 1 || !columnDefinitions.contains("[applied]"))) {
-        throw new HelenusException("Operation Failed");
-      }
 				return resultSet;
 
 			} finally {
 				timer.stop();
-      if (uow != null) uow.addDatabaseTime("Cassandra", timer);
+				if (uow != null)
+					uow.addDatabaseTime("Cassandra", timer);
 				log(statement, uow, timer, showValues);
 			}
+
+		} finally {
+
+			if (span != null) {
+				span.finish();
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	void log(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer, boolean showValues) {
@@ -179,16 +140,10 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
 			if (timer != null) {
 				timerString = String.format(" %s ", timer.toString());
 			}
-      LOG.info(
+			LOG.info(String.format("%s%s%s", uowString, timerString, Operation.queryString(statement, false)));
-          String.format(
-              "%s%s%s", uowString, timerString, Operation.queryString(statement, showValues)));
 		}
 	}
 
-  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
 	public Statement options(Statement statement) {
 		return statement;
 	}
@@ -208,4 +163,5 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
 	public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
 		return false;
 	}
+
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/PreparedOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -44,4 +43,5 @@ public final class PreparedOperation<E> {
 	public String toString() {
 		return preparedStatement.getQueryString();
 	}
+
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/PreparedOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ public final class PreparedOptionalOperation<E> {
 	private final PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
 	private final AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation;
 
-  public PreparedOptionalOperation(
+	public PreparedOptionalOperation(PreparedStatement statement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
-      PreparedStatement statement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
 		this.preparedStatement = statement;
 		this.operation = operation;
 	}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/PreparedStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ public final class PreparedStreamOperation<E> {
 	private final PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
 	private final AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation;
 
-  public PreparedStreamOperation(
+	public PreparedStreamOperation(PreparedStatement statement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
-      PreparedStatement statement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
 		this.preparedStatement = statement;
 		this.operation = operation;
 	}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectFirstOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,16 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
+
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
-public final class SelectFirstOperation<E>
+public final class SelectFirstOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, SelectFirstOperation<E>> {
-    extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, SelectFirstOperation<E>> {
 
 	private final SelectOperation<E> delegate;
 
@@ -64,9 +64,4 @@ public final class SelectFirstOperation<E>
 	public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
 		return delegate.isSessionCacheable();
 	}
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean ignoreCache() {
-    return delegate.ignoreCache();
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectFirstTransformingOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,18 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
+
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
 public final class SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>
-    extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<R, SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
+		extends
+			AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<R, SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
 
 	private final SelectOperation<E> delegate;
 	private final Function<E, R> fn;
@@ -57,9 +59,4 @@ public final class SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>
 	public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
 		return delegate.isSessionCacheable();
 	}
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean ignoreCache() {
-    return delegate.ignoreCache();
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +15,14 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Row;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
@@ -24,15 +31,11 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select.Selection;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select.Where;
-import java.util.*;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
-import java.util.function.Function;
+
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
-import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
 import net.helenus.core.*;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.Entity;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
@@ -42,8 +45,6 @@ import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValueProvider;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ValueProviderMap;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, SelectOperation<E>> {
 
@@ -54,17 +55,14 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 	protected List<Ordering> ordering = null;
 	protected Integer limit = null;
 	protected boolean allowFiltering = false;
-
 	protected String alternateTableName = null;
 	protected boolean isCacheable = false;
-  protected boolean implementsEntityType = false;
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	public SelectOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 
-    this.rowMapper =
+		this.rowMapper = new Function<Row, E>() {
-        new Function<Row, E>() {
 
 			@Override
 			public E apply(Row source) {
@@ -87,47 +85,31 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 
 		super(sessionOperations);
 
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .stream()
-        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
 				.forEach(p -> this.props.add(p));
 
-    this.isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+		isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
-    this.implementsEntityType = Entity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface());
 	}
 
-  public SelectOperation(
+	public SelectOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusEntity entity,
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
-      HelenusEntity entity,
 			Function<Row, E> rowMapper) {
 
 		super(sessionOperations);
 		this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
 
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .stream()
-        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
 				.forEach(p -> this.props.add(p));
 
-    this.isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+		isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
-    this.implementsEntityType = Entity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface());
 	}
 
-  public SelectOperation(
+	public SelectOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Function<Row, E> rowMapper,
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
-      Function<Row, E> rowMapper,
 			HelenusPropertyNode... props) {
 
 		super(sessionOperations);
 
 		this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
 		Collections.addAll(this.props, props);
-
-    HelenusEntity entity = props[0].getEntity();
-    this.isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
-    this.implementsEntityType = Entity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface());
 	}
 
 	public CountOperation count() {
@@ -138,11 +120,8 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 			if (entity == null) {
 				entity = prop.getEntity();
 			} else if (entity != prop.getEntity()) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+				throw new HelenusMappingException("you can count records only from a single entity "
-            "you can count records only from a single entity "
+						+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
-                + entity.getMappingInterface()
-                + " or "
-                + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -154,10 +133,7 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 		HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(materializedViewClass);
 		this.alternateTableName = entity.getName().toCql();
 		this.props.clear();
-    entity
+		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
-        .getOrderedProperties()
-        .stream()
-        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
 				.forEach(p -> this.props.add(p));
 		return this;
 	}
@@ -175,9 +151,7 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 
 		this.rowMapper = null;
 
-    return new SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>(
+		return new SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>(this, (r) -> {
-        this,
-        (r) -> {
 			Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, sessionOps.getValueProvider(), entity);
 			return (R) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
 		});
@@ -243,6 +217,7 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 							}
 						}
 					}
+
 				}
 				if (binder.isBound()) {
 					boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
@@ -264,27 +239,32 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 			String columnName = prop.getColumnName();
 			selection = selection.column(columnName);
 
+			if (prop.getProperty().caseSensitiveIndex()) {
+				allowFiltering = true;
+			}
+
 			if (entity == null) {
 				entity = prop.getEntity();
 			} else if (entity != prop.getEntity()) {
-        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+				throw new HelenusMappingException("you can select columns only from a single entity "
-            "you can select columns only from a single entity "
+						+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
-                + entity.getMappingInterface()
-                + " or "
-                + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
 			}
 
-      if (cached && implementsEntityType) {
+			// TODO(gburd): writeTime and ttl will be useful on merge() but cause object
+			// identity to fail.
+			if (false && cached) {
 				switch (prop.getProperty().getColumnType()) {
 					case PARTITION_KEY :
 					case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
 						break;
 					default :
 						if (entity.equals(prop.getEntity())) {
+							if (prop.getNext().isPresent()) {
+								columnName = Iterables.getLast(prop).getColumnName().toCql(true);
+							}
 							if (!prop.getProperty().getDataType().isCollectionType()) {
-                columnName = prop.getProperty().getColumnName().toCql(false);
+								selection.writeTime(columnName).as(columnName + "_writeTime");
-                selection.ttl(columnName).as('"' + CacheUtil.ttlKey(columnName) + '"');
+								selection.ttl(columnName).as(columnName + "_ttl");
-                selection.writeTime(columnName).as('"' + CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(columnName) + '"');
 							}
 						}
 						break;
@@ -311,35 +291,8 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 
 			Where where = select.where();
 
-      boolean isFirstIndex = true;
 			for (Filter<?> filter : filters.values()) {
 				where.and(filter.getClause(sessionOps.getValuePreparer()));
-        HelenusProperty filterProp = filter.getNode().getProperty();
-        HelenusProperty prop =
-            props
-                .stream()
-                .map(HelenusPropertyNode::getProperty)
-                .filter(thisProp -> thisProp.getPropertyName().equals(filterProp.getPropertyName()))
-                .findFirst()
-                .orElse(null);
-        if (allowFiltering == false && prop != null) {
-          switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
-            case PARTITION_KEY:
-              break;
-            case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
-            default:
-              // When using non-Cassandra-standard 2i types or when using more than one
-              // indexed column or non-indexed columns the query must include ALLOW FILTERING.
-              if (prop.caseSensitiveIndex() == false) {
-                allowFiltering = true;
-              } else if (prop.getIndexName() != null) {
-                allowFiltering |= !isFirstIndex;
-                isFirstIndex = false;
-              } else {
-                allowFiltering = true;
-              }
-          }
-        }
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -358,14 +311,12 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 	@Override
 	public Stream<E> transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
 		if (rowMapper != null) {
-      return StreamSupport.stream(
+			return StreamSupport
-              Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED), false)
+					.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED), false)
 					.map(rowMapper);
 		} else {
-      return (Stream<E>)
+			return (Stream<E>) StreamSupport
-          StreamSupport.stream(
+					.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED), false);
-              Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED),
-              false);
 		}
 	}
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectTransformingOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +15,18 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
+
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
 public final class SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>
-    extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<R, SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
+		extends
+			AbstractFilterStreamOperation<R, SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
 
 	private final SelectOperation<E> delegate;
 	private final Function<E, R> fn;
@@ -57,14 +59,4 @@ public final class SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>
 	public Stream<R> transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
 		return delegate.transform(resultSet).map(fn);
 	}
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
-    return delegate.isSessionCacheable();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean ignoreCache() {
-    return delegate.ignoreCache();
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/UpdateOperation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,83 +15,53 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Assignment;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Update;
-import java.util.*;
+
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.*;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.BoundFacet;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
-import net.helenus.mapping.value.BeanColumnValueProvider;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 import net.helenus.support.Immutables;
 
 public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateOperation<E>> {
 
-  private final Map<Assignment, BoundFacet> assignments = new HashMap<>();
+	private final List<Assignment> assignments = new ArrayList<Assignment>();
 	private final AbstractEntityDraft<E> draft;
 	private final Map<String, Object> draftMap;
-  private final Set<String> readSet;
 	private HelenusEntity entity = null;
-  private Object pojo;
 	private int[] ttl;
 	private long[] timestamp;
-  private long writeTime = 0L;
 
 	public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 		this.draft = null;
 		this.draftMap = null;
-    this.readSet = null;
 	}
 
-  public UpdateOperation(
+	public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, AbstractEntityDraft<E> draft) {
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, AbstractEntityDraft<E> draft) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 		this.draft = draft;
 		this.draftMap = draft.toMap();
-    this.readSet = draft.read();
 	}
 
-  public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Object pojo) {
+	public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusPropertyNode p, Object v) {
 		super(sessionOperations);
 		this.draft = null;
 		this.draftMap = null;
 
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      this.entity = Helenus.resolve(MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo));
-      if (this.entity != null && entity.isCacheable() && pojo instanceof MapExportable) {
-        this.pojo = pojo;
-        this.readSet = ((MapExportable) pojo).toReadSet();
-      } else {
-        this.readSet = null;
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.readSet = null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  public UpdateOperation(
-      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusPropertyNode p, Object v) {
-    super(sessionOperations);
-    this.draft = null;
-    this.draftMap = null;
-    this.readSet = null;
-
 		Object value = sessionOps.getValuePreparer().prepareColumnValue(v, p.getProperty());
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value), new BoundFacet(p.getProperty(), v));
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value));
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 	}
@@ -101,24 +70,9 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		Objects.requireNonNull(getter, "getter is empty");
 
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter);
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 
-    Object value = sessionOps.getValuePreparer().prepareColumnValue(v, prop);
+		Object value = sessionOps.getValuePreparer().prepareColumnValue(v, p.getProperty());
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value), new BoundFacet(prop, value));
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value));
-
-    if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      if (draft.get(key, value.getClass()) != v) {
-        draft.set(key, v);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      if (!BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop).equals(v)) {
-        String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-        ((MapExportable) pojo).put(key, v);
-      }
-    }
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
@@ -143,21 +97,15 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(counterGetter);
 
-    BoundFacet facet = null;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.incr(p.getColumnName(), delta));
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      Long value = (Long) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, value + delta);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) + delta);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, draftMap.get(key));
-    }
-
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.incr(p.getColumnName(), delta), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) + delta);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -171,21 +119,15 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(counterGetter);
 
-    BoundFacet facet = null;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.decr(p.getColumnName(), delta));
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      Long value = (Long) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, value - delta);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) - delta);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, draftMap.get(key));
-    }
-
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.decr(p.getColumnName(), delta), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) - delta);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -204,27 +146,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-    final List<V> list;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.prepend(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      list.add(0, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      list.add(0, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      list = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.prepend(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			list.add(0, value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -236,27 +167,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		List valueObj = prepareListValue(p, value);
 
-    final List<V> list;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.prependAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      list.addAll(0, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
-      String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      list.addAll(0, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      list = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.prependAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			list.addAll(0, value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -268,16 +188,13 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-    final BoundFacet facet;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.setIdx(p.getColumnName(), idx, valueObj));
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+
-    if (pojo != null || draft != null) {
+		addPropertyNode(p);
-      final List<V> list;
+
-      if (pojo != null) {
+		if (draft != null) {
-        list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-      } else {
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-        String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-        list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      }
 			if (idx < 0) {
 				list.add(0, value);
 			} else if (idx > list.size()) {
@@ -286,15 +203,8 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 				list.add(idx, value);
 			}
 			list.add(0, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      facet = null;
 		}
 
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.setIdx(p.getColumnName(), idx, valueObj), facet);
-
-    addPropertyNode(p);
-
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -306,26 +216,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-    final List<V> list;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.append(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      list.add(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      list.add(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      list = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.append(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			list.add(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -337,26 +237,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		List valueObj = prepareListValue(p, value);
 
-    final List<V> list;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.appendAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      list.addAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      list.addAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      list = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.appendAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			list.addAll(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -368,26 +258,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-    final List<V> list;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.discard(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      list.remove(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      list.remove(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      list = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.discard(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			list.remove(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -399,26 +279,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
 		List valueObj = prepareListValue(p, value);
 
-    final List<V> list;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.discardAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      list.removeAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      list.removeAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
-    } else {
-      list = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.discardAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			list.removeAll(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -427,8 +297,7 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
 		Object valueObj = value;
 
-    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
-        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 		if (converter.isPresent()) {
 			List convertedList = (List) converter.get().apply(Immutables.listOf(value));
 			valueObj = convertedList.get(0);
@@ -443,8 +312,7 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
 		List valueObj = value;
 
-    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
-        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 		if (converter.isPresent()) {
 			valueObj = (List) converter.get().apply(value);
 		}
@@ -468,26 +336,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
 		Object valueObj = prepareSingleSetValue(p, value);
 
-    final Set<V> set;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.add(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      set.add(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      set.add(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else {
-      set = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.add(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			set.add(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -499,26 +357,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
 		Set valueObj = prepareSetValue(p, value);
 
-    final Set<V> set;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.addAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      set.addAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      set.addAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else {
-      set = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.addAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			set.addAll(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -530,26 +378,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
 		Object valueObj = prepareSingleSetValue(p, value);
 
-    final Set<V> set;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.remove(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      set.remove(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      set.remove(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else {
-      set = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.remove(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			set.remove(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -561,26 +399,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
 		Set valueObj = prepareSetValue(p, value);
 
-    final Set<V> set;
+		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.removeAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      set.removeAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
-      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-      set.removeAll(value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
-    } else {
-      set = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.removeAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+			set.removeAll(value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -589,8 +417,7 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 		Object valueObj = value;
 
-    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
-        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 		if (converter.isPresent()) {
 			Set convertedSet = (Set) converter.get().apply(Immutables.setOf(value));
 			valueObj = convertedSet.iterator().next();
@@ -604,8 +431,7 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 		Set valueObj = value;
 
-    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
-        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 		if (converter.isPresent()) {
 			valueObj = (Set) converter.get().apply(value);
 		}
@@ -629,35 +455,23 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(mapGetter);
 		HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 
-    final Map<K, V> map;
+		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      map = (Map<K, V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      map.put(key, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, map);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      map = (Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
-      map.put(key, value);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, map);
-    } else {
-      map = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-
-    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
-        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 		if (converter.isPresent()) {
-      Map<Object, Object> convertedMap =
+			Map<Object, Object> convertedMap = (Map<Object, Object>) converter.get()
-          (Map<Object, Object>) converter.get().apply(Immutables.mapOf(key, value));
+					.apply(Immutables.mapOf(key, value));
 			for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : convertedMap.entrySet()) {
-        assignments.put(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), e.getKey(), e.getValue()), facet);
+				assignments.add(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
 			}
 		} else {
-      assignments.put(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), key, value), facet);
+			assignments.add(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), key, value));
 		}
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			((Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName())).put(key, value);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -669,32 +483,20 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(mapGetter);
 		HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 
-    final Map<K, V> newMap;
+		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
-    final BoundFacet facet;
-    if (pojo != null) {
-      newMap = (Map<K, V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
-      newMap.putAll(map);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, newMap);
-    } else if (draft != null) {
-      newMap = (Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
-      newMap.putAll(map);
-      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, newMap);
-    } else {
-      newMap = null;
-      facet = null;
-    }
-
-    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
-        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
 		if (converter.isPresent()) {
 			Map convertedMap = (Map) converter.get().apply(map);
-      assignments.put(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), convertedMap), facet);
+			assignments.add(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), convertedMap));
 		} else {
-      assignments.put(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), map), facet);
+			assignments.add(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), map));
 		}
 
 		addPropertyNode(p);
 
+		if (draft != null) {
+			((Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName())).putAll(map);
+		}
+
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -707,7 +509,7 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
 		Update update = QueryBuilder.update(entity.getName().toCql());
 
-    for (Assignment assignment : assignments.keySet()) {
+		for (Assignment assignment : assignments) {
 			update.with(assignment);
 		}
 
@@ -738,10 +540,6 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
 	@Override
 	public E transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
-    if ((ifFilters != null && !ifFilters.isEmpty()) && (resultSet.wasApplied() == false)) {
-      throw new HelenusException("Statement was not applied due to consistency constraints");
-    }
-
 		if (draft != null) {
 			return Helenus.map(draft.getEntityClass(), draft.toMap(draftMap));
 		} else {
@@ -765,70 +563,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 		if (entity == null) {
 			entity = p.getEntity();
 		} else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can update columns only in single entity "
-          "you can update columns only in single entity "
+					+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
-              + entity.getMappingInterface()
-              + " or "
-              + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
 		}
 	}
 
-  private void adjustTtlAndWriteTime(MapExportable pojo) {
-    if (ttl != null || writeTime != 0L) {
-      List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>(assignments.size());
-      for (BoundFacet facet : assignments.values()) {
-        for (HelenusProperty prop : facet.getProperties()) {
-          names.add(prop.getColumnName().toCql(false));
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (names.size() > 0) {
-        if (ttl != null) {
-          names.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.ttlKey(name), ttl));
-        }
-        if (writeTime != 0L) {
-          names.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(name), writeTime));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
-    return assignments
-            .values()
-            .stream()
-            .allMatch(
-                facet -> {
-                  if (facet != null) {
-                    Set<HelenusProperty> props = facet.getProperties();
-                    if (props != null && props.size() > 0) {
-                      return props.stream().allMatch(prop -> prop.isIdempotent());
-                    } else {
-                      return true;
-                    }
-                  } else {
-                    // In this case our UPDATE statement made mutations via the List, Set, Map methods only.
-                    return false;
-                  }
-                })
-        || super.isIdempotentOperation();
-  }
-
 	@Override
 	public E sync() throws TimeoutException {
 		E result = super.sync();
-    if (result != null && entity.isCacheable()) {
+		if (entity.isCacheable() && draft != null) {
-      if (draft != null) {
+			sessionOps.updateCache(result, getFacets());
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime(draft);
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
-        sessionOps.updateCache(result, bindFacetValues());
-      } else if (pojo != null) {
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) pojo);
-        sessionOps.updateCache(pojo, bindFacetValues());
-      } else {
-        sessionOps.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
-      }
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -839,60 +583,12 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 			return sync();
 		}
 		E result = super.sync(uow);
-    if (result != null) {
 		if (draft != null) {
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime(draft);
+			cacheUpdate(uow, result, getFacets());
-      }
-      if (entity != null && MapExportable.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface())) {
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
-        cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
-      } else if (pojo != null) {
-        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) pojo);
-        cacheUpdate(uow, (E) pojo, bindFacetValues());
-        return (E) pojo;
-      }
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
 
-  public E batch(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
-    if (uow == null) {
-      throw new HelenusException("UnitOfWork cannot be null when batching operations.");
-    }
-
-    final E result;
-    if (draft != null) {
-      result = draft.build();
-      adjustTtlAndWriteTime(draft);
-    } else if (pojo != null) {
-      result = (E) pojo;
-      adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) pojo);
-    } else {
-      result = null;
-    }
-
-    if (result != null) {
-      cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
-      uow.batch(this);
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    return sync(uow);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
-    List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues(entity.getFacets());
-    facets.addAll(
-        assignments
-            .values()
-            .stream()
-            .distinct()
-            .filter(o -> o != null)
-            .collect(Collectors.toList()));
-    return facets;
-  }
-
 	@Override
 	public List<Facet> getFacets() {
 		if (entity != null) {
@@ -901,4 +597,5 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 			return new ArrayList<Facet>();
 		}
 	}
+
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/DefaultPrimitiveTypes.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,17 +19,10 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 public enum DefaultPrimitiveTypes {
-  BOOLEAN(boolean.class, false),
+	BOOLEAN(boolean.class, false), BYTE(byte.class, (byte) 0x0), CHAR(char.class, (char) 0x0), SHORT(short.class,
-  BYTE(byte.class, (byte) 0x0),
+			(short) 0), INT(int.class, 0), LONG(long.class, 0L), FLOAT(float.class, 0.0f), DOUBLE(double.class, 0.0);
-  CHAR(char.class, (char) 0x0),
-  SHORT(short.class, (short) 0),
-  INT(int.class, 0),
-  LONG(long.class, 0L),
-  FLOAT(float.class, 0.0f),
-  DOUBLE(double.class, 0.0);
 
-  private static final Map<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes> map =
+	private static final Map<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes> map = new HashMap<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes>();
-      new HashMap<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes>();
 
 	static {
 		for (DefaultPrimitiveTypes type : DefaultPrimitiveTypes.values()) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/Drafted.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,6 +22,4 @@ public interface Drafted<T> extends MapExportable {
 	Set<String> mutated();
 
 	T build();
-
-  Set<String> read();
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/DslExportable.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 
 public interface DslExportable {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/DslInvocationHandler.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
@@ -24,6 +22,9 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
+
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusMappingEntity;
@@ -45,10 +46,7 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 	private HelenusEntity entity = null;
 	private Metadata metadata = null;
 
-  public DslInvocationHandler(
+	public DslInvocationHandler(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
-      Class<E> iface,
-      ClassLoader classLoader,
-      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
 			Metadata metadata) {
 
 		this.metadata = metadata;
@@ -77,12 +75,8 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 
 				if (type instanceof UDTDataType && !UDTValue.class.isAssignableFrom(javaType)) {
 
-          Object childDsl =
+					Object childDsl = Helenus.dsl(javaType, classLoader,
-              Helenus.dsl(
+							Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)), metadata);
-                  javaType,
-                  classLoader,
-                  Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)),
-                  metadata);
 
 					udtMap.put(prop.getGetterMethod(), childDsl);
 				}
@@ -90,15 +84,10 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 				if (type instanceof DTDataType) {
 					DTDataType dataType = (DTDataType) type;
 
-          if (dataType.getDataType() instanceof TupleType
+					if (dataType.getDataType() instanceof TupleType && !TupleValue.class.isAssignableFrom(javaType)) {
-              && !TupleValue.class.isAssignableFrom(javaType)) {
 
-            Object childDsl =
+						Object childDsl = Helenus.dsl(javaType, classLoader,
-                Helenus.dsl(
+								Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)), metadata);
-                    javaType,
-                    classLoader,
-                    Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)),
-                    metadata);
 
 						tupleMap.put(prop.getGetterMethod(), childDsl);
 					}
@@ -126,9 +115,7 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 			return false;
 		}
 
-    if (DslExportable.SET_METADATA_METHOD.equals(methodName)
+		if (DslExportable.SET_METADATA_METHOD.equals(methodName) && args.length == 1 && args[0] instanceof Metadata) {
-        && args.length == 1
-        && args[0] instanceof Metadata) {
 			if (metadata == null) {
 				this.setCassandraMetadataForHelenusSession((Metadata) args[0]);
 			}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/Entity.java

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
- *
- *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- *   limitations under the License.
- */
-package net.helenus.core.reflect;
-
-import net.helenus.core.Getter;
-
-public interface Entity {
-  String WRITTEN_AT_METHOD = "writtenAt";
-  String TTL_OF_METHOD = "ttlOf";
-  String TOKEN_OF_METHOD = "tokenOf";
-
-    /**
-     * The write time for the property in question referenced by the getter.
-     *
-     * @param getter the property getter
-     * @return the timestamp associated with the property identified by the getter
-     */
-  default Long writtenAt(Getter getter) {
-    return 0L;
-  }
-
-    /**
-     * The write time for the property in question referenced by the property name.
-     *
-     * @param prop the name of a property in this entity
-     * @return the timestamp associated with the property identified by the property name if it exists
-     */
-  default Long writtenAt(String prop) {
-    return 0L;
-  };
-
-    /**
-     * The time-to-live for the property in question referenced by the getter.
-     *
-     * @param getter the property getter
-     * @return the time-to-live in seconds associated with the property identified by the getter
-     */
-  default Integer ttlOf(Getter getter) {
-    return 0;
-  };
-
-    /**
-     * The time-to-live for the property in question referenced by the property name.
-     *
-     * @param prop the name of a property in this entity
-     * @return the time-to-live in seconds associated with the property identified by the property name if it exists
-     */
-  default Integer ttlOf(String prop) {
-    return 0;
-  };
-
-    /**
-     * The token (partition identifier) for this entity which can change over time if
-     * the cluster grows or shrinks but should be stable otherwise.
-     *
-     * @return the token for the entity
-     */
-  default Long tokenOf() { return 0L; }
-}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/HelenusNamedProperty.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,7 +19,9 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
+
 import net.helenus.core.SessionRepository;
 import net.helenus.mapping.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.type.AbstractDataType;
@@ -64,11 +65,6 @@ public final class HelenusNamedProperty implements HelenusProperty {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-  @Override
-  public boolean isIdempotent() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
 	@Override
 	public Class<?> getJavaType() {
 		throw new HelenusMappingException("will never called");

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/HelenusPropertyNode.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ListDsl.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import java.util.*;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.DslPropertyException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/MapDsl.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.DslPropertyException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/MapExportable.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,25 +16,10 @@
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
-import net.helenus.core.Getter;
 
 public interface MapExportable {
-  String TO_MAP_METHOD = "toMap";
+
-  String TO_READ_SET_METHOD = "toReadSet";
+	public static final String TO_MAP_METHOD = "toMap";
-  String PUT_METHOD = "put";
 
 	Map<String, Object> toMap();
-
-  default Map<String, Object> toMap(boolean mutable) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  default Set<String> toReadSet() {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  default void put(String key, Object value) {}
-
-  default <T> void put(Getter<T> getter, T value) {}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/MapperInvocationHandler.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,32 +15,23 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
-import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
-import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
-import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Collections;
-import net.helenus.core.Getter;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
-import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.Transient;
-import net.helenus.mapping.value.ValueProviderMap;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
 public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7044209982830584984L;
 
-  private Map<String, Object> src;
+	private final Map<String, Object> src;
-  private final Set<String> read = new HashSet<String>();
 	private final Class<E> iface;
 
 	public MapperInvocationHandler(Class<E> iface, Map<String, Object> src) {
@@ -57,30 +47,18 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
 		// https://zeroturnaround.com/rebellabs/recognize-and-conquer-java-proxies-default-methods-and-method-handles/
 
 		// First, we need an instance of a private inner-class found in MethodHandles.
-    Constructor<MethodHandles.Lookup> constructor =
+		Constructor<MethodHandles.Lookup> constructor = MethodHandles.Lookup.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class,
-        MethodHandles.Lookup.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, int.class);
+				int.class);
 		constructor.setAccessible(true);
 
 		// Now we need to lookup and invoke special the default method on the interface
 		// class.
 		final Class<?> declaringClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
-    Object result =
+		Object result = constructor.newInstance(declaringClass, MethodHandles.Lookup.PRIVATE)
-        constructor
+				.unreflectSpecial(method, declaringClass).bindTo(proxy).invokeWithArguments(args);
-            .newInstance(declaringClass, MethodHandles.Lookup.PRIVATE)
-            .unreflectSpecial(method, declaringClass)
-            .bindTo(proxy)
-            .invokeWithArguments(args);
 		return result;
 	}
 
-  private Object writeReplace() {
-    return new SerializationProxy<E>(this);
-  }
-
-  private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) throws InvalidObjectException {
-    throw new InvalidObjectException("Proxy required.");
-  }
-
 	@Override
 	public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
 
@@ -101,96 +79,12 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
 					return true;
 				}
 			}
-      if (otherObj instanceof MapExportable) {
+			if (otherObj instanceof MapExportable && src.equals(((MapExportable) otherObj).toMap())) {
-        return MappingUtil.compareMaps((MapExportable) otherObj, src);
+				return true;
 			}
 			return false;
 		}
 
-    if (MapExportable.PUT_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 2) {
-      final String key;
-      if (args[0] instanceof String) {
-        key = (String) args[0];
-      } else if (args[0] instanceof Getter) {
-        key = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty((Getter) args[0]).getProperty().getPropertyName();
-      } else {
-        key = null;
-      }
-      if (key != null) {
-        final Object value = (Object) args[1];
-        if (src instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
-          this.src = fromValueProviderMap(src);
-        }
-        src.put(key, value);
-      }
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    if (Entity.WRITTEN_AT_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 1) {
-      final String key;
-      if (args[0] instanceof String) {
-        key = CacheUtil.writeTimeKey((String) args[0]);
-      } else if (args[0] instanceof Getter) {
-        Getter getter = (Getter) args[0];
-        key =
-            CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(
-                MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter)
-                    .getProperty()
-                    .getColumnName()
-                    .toCql(false));
-      } else {
-        return 0L;
-      }
-      Long v = (Long) src.get(key);
-      if (v != null) {
-        return v;
-      }
-      return 0L;
-    }
-
-    if (Entity.TOKEN_OF_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
-        Long v = (Long) src.get("");
-        if (v != null) {
-            return v;
-        }
-        return 0L;
-    }
-
-    if (Entity.TTL_OF_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 1) {
-      final String key;
-      if (args[0] instanceof String) {
-        key = CacheUtil.ttlKey((String) args[0]);
-      } else if (args[0] instanceof Getter) {
-        Getter getter = (Getter) args[0];
-        key =
-            CacheUtil.ttlKey(
-                MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter)
-                    .getProperty()
-                    .getColumnName()
-                    .toCql(false));
-      } else {
-        return 0;
-      }
-      int v[] = (int[]) src.get(key);
-      if (v != null) {
-        return v[0];
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (MapExportable.TO_MAP_METHOD.equals(methodName)) {
-      if (method.getParameterCount() == 1 && args[0] instanceof Boolean) {
-        if ((boolean) args[0] == true) {
-          return fromValueProviderMap(src, true);
-        }
-      }
-      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(src);
-    }
-
-    if (MapExportable.TO_READ_SET_METHOD.equals(methodName)) {
-      return read;
-    }
-
 		if (method.getParameterCount() != 0 || method.getReturnType() == void.class) {
 			throw new HelenusException("invalid getter method " + method);
 		}
@@ -203,33 +97,30 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
 			return iface.getSimpleName() + ": " + src.toString();
 		}
 
-    if ("writeReplace".equals(methodName)) {
-      return new SerializationProxy(this);
-    }
-
-    if ("readObject".equals(methodName)) {
-      throw new InvalidObjectException("Proxy required.");
-    }
-
 		if ("dsl".equals(methodName)) {
 			return Helenus.dsl(iface);
 		}
 
-    final Object value = src.get(methodName);
+		if (MapExportable.TO_MAP_METHOD.equals(methodName)) {
-    read.add(methodName);
+			return Collections.unmodifiableMap(src);
+		}
 
-    if (value == null) {
+		Object value = src.get(methodName);
 
 		Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
 
+		if (value == null) {
+
 			// Default implementations of non-Transient methods in entities are the default
-      // value when the map contains 'null'.
+			// value when the
+			// map contains 'null'.
 			if (method.isDefault()) {
 				return invokeDefault(proxy, method, args);
 			}
 
 			// Otherwise, if the return type of the method is a primitive Java type then
-      // we'll return the standard default values to avoid a NPE in user code.
+			// we'll return the standard
+			// default values to avoid a NPE in user code.
 			if (returnType.isPrimitive()) {
 				DefaultPrimitiveTypes type = DefaultPrimitiveTypes.lookup(returnType);
 				if (type == null) {
@@ -241,54 +132,4 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
 
 		return value;
 	}
-
-  static Map<String, Object> fromValueProviderMap(Map v) {
-    return fromValueProviderMap(v, false);
-  }
-
-  static Map<String, Object> fromValueProviderMap(Map v, boolean mutable) {
-    if (v instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
-      Map<String, Object> m = new HashMap<String, Object>(v.size());
-      Set<String> keys = v.keySet();
-      for (String key : keys) {
-        Object value = v.get(key);
-        if (value != null && mutable) {
-          if (ImmutableList.class.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
-            m.put(key, new ArrayList((List) value));
-          } else if (ImmutableMap.class.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
-            m.put(key, new HashMap((Map) value));
-          } else if (ImmutableSet.class.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
-            m.put(key, new HashSet((Set) value));
-          } else {
-            m.put(key, value);
-          }
-        } else {
-          m.put(key, value);
-        }
-      }
-      return m;
-    }
-    return v;
-  }
-
-  static class SerializationProxy<E> implements Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5617583940055969353L;
-
-    private final Class<E> iface;
-    private final Map<String, Object> src;
-
-    public SerializationProxy(MapperInvocationHandler mapper) {
-      this.iface = mapper.iface;
-      if (mapper.src instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
-        this.src = fromValueProviderMap(mapper.src);
-      } else {
-        this.src = mapper.src;
-      }
-    }
-
-    Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
-      return new MapperInvocationHandler(iface, src);
-    }
-  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ReflectionDslInstantiator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +15,11 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
 import java.util.Optional;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
+
 import net.helenus.core.DslInstantiator;
 
 public enum ReflectionDslInstantiator implements DslInstantiator {
@@ -26,15 +27,10 @@ public enum ReflectionDslInstantiator implements DslInstantiator {
 
 	@Override
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public <E> E instantiate(
+	public <E> E instantiate(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
-      Class<E> iface,
-      ClassLoader classLoader,
-      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
 			Metadata metadata) {
-    DslInvocationHandler<E> handler =
+		DslInvocationHandler<E> handler = new DslInvocationHandler<E>(iface, classLoader, parent, metadata);
-        new DslInvocationHandler<E>(iface, classLoader, parent, metadata);
+		E proxy = (E) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[]{iface, DslExportable.class}, handler);
-    E proxy =
-        (E) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[] {iface, DslExportable.class}, handler);
 		return proxy;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ReflectionInstantiator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,7 +19,8 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class ReflectionInstantiator {
 
-  private ReflectionInstantiator() {}
+	private ReflectionInstantiator() {
+	}
 
 	public static <T> T instantiateClass(Class<T> clazz) {
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ReflectionMapperInstantiator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +15,9 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
-import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
 import java.util.Map;
+
 import net.helenus.core.MapperInstantiator;
 
 public enum ReflectionMapperInstantiator implements MapperInstantiator {
@@ -29,10 +28,7 @@ public enum ReflectionMapperInstantiator implements MapperInstantiator {
 	public <E> E instantiate(Class<E> iface, Map<String, Object> src, ClassLoader classLoader) {
 
 		MapperInvocationHandler<E> handler = new MapperInvocationHandler<E>(iface, src);
-    E proxy =
+		E proxy = (E) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[]{iface, MapExportable.class}, handler);
-        (E)
-            Proxy.newProxyInstance(
-                classLoader, new Class[] {iface, MapExportable.class, Serializable.class}, handler);
 		return proxy;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/SetDsl.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Set;
+
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class SetDsl<V> implements Set<V> {

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/ColumnInformation.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@
 package net.helenus.mapping;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.ClusteringColumn;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.Column;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.PartitionKey;
@@ -103,21 +103,13 @@ public final class ColumnInformation {
 	private void ensureSingleColumnType(ColumnType columnTypeLocal, Method getter) {
 
 		if (columnTypeLocal != ColumnType.COLUMN) {
-      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+			throw new HelenusMappingException("property can be annotated only by a single column type " + getter);
-          "property can be annotated only by a single column type " + getter);
 		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-    return "ColumnInformation [columnName="
+		return "ColumnInformation [columnName=" + columnName + ", columnType=" + columnType + ", ordinal=" + ordinal
-        + columnName
+				+ ", ordering=" + ordering + "]";
-        + ", columnType="
-        + columnType
-        + ", ordinal="
-        + ordinal
-        + ", ordering="
-        + ordering
-        + "]";
 	}
 }