Repair the copyright per Casser author's request. Also fix DOS line endings.

Delegate-based delete-tracking cache implementation, fixes to javax.cache.Cache implementation, and unit tests

.idea/eclipseCodeFormatter.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
   <component name="EclipseCodeFormatterProjectSettings">
     <option name="projectSpecificProfile">
       <ProjectSpecificProfile>
-        <option name="formatter" value="ECLIPSE" />
         <option name="pathToConfigFileJava" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/../newton/formatting/onshape-eclipse-general-preferences.epf" />
       </ProjectSpecificProfile>
     </option>

NOTES

@@ -1,172 +1,35 @@
+Operation/
+|-- AbstractStatementOperation
+|   |-- AbstractOperation
+|   |   |-- AbstractFilterOperation
+|   |   |   |-- CountOperation
+|   |   |   |-- DeleteOperation
+|   |   |   `-- UpdateOperation
+|   |   |-- BoundOperation
+|   |   `-- InsertOperation
+|   |-- AbstractOptionalOperation
+|   |   |-- AbstractFilterOptionalOperation
+|   |   |   |-- SelectFirstOperation
+|   |   |   `-- SelectFirstTransformingOperation
+|   |   `-- BoundOptionalOperation
+|   `-- AbstractStreamOperation
+|       |-- AbstractFilterStreamOperation
+    |       |   |-- SelectOperation
+|       |   `-- SelectTransformingOperation
+|       `-- BoundStreamOperation
+|-- PreparedOperation
+|-- PreparedOptionalOperation
+`-- PreparedStreamOperation
 
 
+----
+@CompoundIndex()
+create a new col in the same table called __idx_a_b_c that the hash of the concatenated values in that order is stored, create a normal index for that (CREATE INDEX ...)
+if a query matches that set of columns then use that indexed col to fetch the desired results from that table
+could also work with .in() query if materialized view exists
+----
 
 
-
---- Cache
-      // `E` is the type of the Entity class or one of:
-      //     - ResultSet
-      //     - ArrayTuple{N}
-      //     - Count
-      // `F` is the type argument passed to us from HelenusSession DSL and carried on via one of the
-      // Operation classes, it is going to be one of:
-      //     - ResultSet
-      //     - ArrayTuple{N}
-      //     - or a type previously registered as a HelenusEntity.
-      // In the form of a:
-      //     - Stream<?> or an
-      //     - Optional<?>
-      //
-      //     Operation/
-      //     |-- AbstractStatementOperation
-      //     |   |-- AbstractOperation
-      //     |   |   |-- AbstractFilterOperation
-      //     |   |   |   |-- CountOperation
-      //     |   |   |   |-- DeleteOperation
-      //     |   |   |   `-- UpdateOperation
-      //     |   |   |-- BoundOperation
-      //     |   |   `-- InsertOperation
-      //     |   |-- AbstractOptionalOperation
-      //     |   |   |-- AbstractFilterOptionalOperation
-      //     |   |   |   |-- SelectFirstOperation
-      //     |   |   |   `-- SelectFirstTransformingOperation
-      //     |   |   `-- BoundOptionalOperation
-      //     |   `-- AbstractStreamOperation
-      //     |       |-- AbstractFilterStreamOperation
-      //     |       |   |-- SelectOperation
-      //     |       |   `-- SelectTransformingOperation
-      //     |       `-- BoundStreamOperation
-      //     |-- PreparedOperation
-      //     |-- PreparedOptionalOperation
-      //     `-- PreparedStreamOperation
-      //
-      // These all boil down to: Select, Update, Insert, Delete and Count
-      //
-      // -- Select:
-      //    1) Select statements that contain all primary key information will be "distinct" and
-      //       result in a single value or no match.
-      //       If present, return cached entity otherwise execute query and cache result.
-      //
-      //    2) Otherwise the result is a set, possibly empty, of values that match.
-      //       When within a UOW:
-      //         If present, return the cached value(s) from the statement cache matching the query string.
-      //         Otherwise, execute query and cache the result in the statement cache and update/merge the
-      //         entites into the entity cache.
-      //    NOTE: When we read data from the database we augment the select clause with TTL and write time
-      //          stamps for all columns that record such information so as to be able to properlty expire
-      //          and merge values in the cache.
-      //
-      // -- Update:
-      //    Execute the database statement and then iff successs upsert the entity being updated into the
-      //    entity cache.
-      //
-      // -- Insert/Upsert:
-      //    Same as Update.
-      //
-      // -- Delete:
-      //    Same as update, only remove the cached value from all caches on success.
-      //
-      // -- Count:
-      //    If operating within a UOW lookup count in statement cache, if not present execute query and cache result.
-      //
-
-
-      if (delegate instanceof SelectOperation) {
-        SelectOperation<E> op = (SelectOperation<E>) delegate;
-
-        // Determine if we are caching and if so where.
-        AbstractCache<CacheKey, Set<E>> cache = delegate.getCache();
-        boolean prepareStatementForCaching = cache != null;
-        if (uow != null) {
-          prepareStatementForCaching = true;
-          cache = uow.<Set<E>>getCacheEnclosing(cache);
-        }
-
-        // The delegate will provide the cache key becuase it will either be:
-        //  a) when distinct: the combination of the partition/cluster key columns
-        //  b) otherwise: the table name followed by the portion of the SQL statement that would form the WHERE clause
-        CacheKey key = (cache == null) ? null : delegate.getCacheKey();
-        if (key != null && cache != null) {
-          Set<E> value = cache.get(key);
-          if (value != null) {
-            // Select will always return a Stream<E>
-            // TODO(gburd): SelectTransforming... apply fn here?
-            result = (E) value.stream();
-            if (cacheHitCounter != null) {
-              cacheHitCounter.inc();
-            }
-            if (log != null) {
-              log.info("cache hit");
-            }
-            return result;
-          } else {
-            if (cacheMissCounter != null) {
-              cacheMissCounter.inc();
-            }
-            if (log != null) {
-              log.info("cache miss");
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-
-
-          if (cache != null) {
-            Object obj = delegate.unwrap(result);
-            if (obj != null) {
-              cache.put(key, obj);
-            }
-
-            delegate.<E>extract(result, key, cache);
-          }
-        }
-
-      }
-
-
-
-// TODO: first, ask the delegate for the cacheKey
-// if this is a SELECT query:
-//  if not in cache build the statement, execute the future, cache the result, transform the result then cache the transformations
-// if INSERT/UPSERT/UPDATE
-// if DELETE
-// if COUNT
-----------------------------
-
-  @Override
-  public CacheKey getCacheKey() {
-
-    List<String>keys = new ArrayList<>(filters.size());
-    HelenusEntity entity = props.get(0).getEntity();
-
-    for (HelenusPropertyNode prop : props) {
-      switch(prop.getProperty().getColumnType()) {
-        case PARTITION_KEY:
-        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
-
-          Filter filter = filters.get(prop.getProperty());
-          if (filter != null) {
-            keys.add(filter.toString());
-          } else {
-            // we're missing a part of the primary key, so we can't create a proper cache key
-            return null;
-          }
-          break;
-        default:
-          // We've past the primary key components in this ordered list, so we're done building
-          // the cache key.
-          if (keys.size() > 0) {
-            return new CacheKey(entity, Joiner.on(",").join(keys));
-          }
-          return null;
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
----------------------------
-
     // TODO(gburd): create a statement that matches one that wasn't prepared
     //String key =
     //    "use " + preparedStatement.getQueryKeyspace() + "; " + preparedStatement.getQueryString();
@@ -175,64 +38,6 @@
     //}
 
 
-------------------------
-package net.helenus.core.operation;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSetFuture;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
-import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
-import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
-import com.google.common.cache.RemovalListener;
-import com.google.common.cache.RemovalNotification;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-public abstract class AbstractCache<K, V> {
-  final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
-  public Cache<K, V> cache;
-
-  public AbstractCache() {
-    RemovalListener<K, V> listener =
-            new RemovalListener<K, V>() {
-              @Override
-              public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<K, V> n) {
-                if (n.wasEvicted()) {
-                  String cause = n.getCause().name();
-                  logger.info(cause);
-                }
-              }
-            };
-
-      cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
-                      .maximumSize(10_000)
-                      .expireAfterAccess(20, TimeUnit.MINUTES)
-                      .weakKeys()
-                      .softValues()
-                      .removalListener(listener)
-                      .build();
-  }
-
-    V get(K key) {
-        return cache.getIfPresent(key);
-    }
-
-    void put(K key, V value) {
-        cache.put(key, value);
-    }
-}
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-cache entites (2 methods) marked @Cacheable
-cache entites in txn context
-cache results when .cache() chained before .{a}sync() call, return a EvictableCacheItem<E> that has an .evict() method
-fix txn .andThen() chains
-
-
 
 
 primitive types have default values, (e.g. boolean, int, ...) but primative wrapper classes do not and can be null (e.g. Boolean, Integer, ...)
@@ -372,3 +177,26 @@ begin:
 			    cache.put
             }
 			*/
+------------------
+
+InsertOperation
+
+
+		Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
+		boolean includesNonIdentityValues = values.stream().map(t -> {
+					ColumnType type = t._1.getProperty().getColumnType();
+					return !((type == ColumnType.PARTITION_KEY) || (type == ColumnType.CLUSTERING_COLUMN));
+				})
+				.reduce(false, (acc, t) -> acc || t);
+		if (resultType == iface) {
+			if (values.size() > 0 && includesNonIdentityValues) {
+				boolean immutable = iface.isAssignableFrom(Drafted.class);
+-------------------
+
+    final Object value;
+    if (method.getParameterCount() == 1 && args[0] instanceof Boolean && src instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
+      value = ((ValueProviderMap)src).get(methodName, (Boolean)args[0]);
+    } else {
+      value = src.get(methodName);
+    }
+--------------------

bin/deploy.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 mvn clean jar:jar javadoc:jar source:jar deploy -Prelease

bin/format.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-for f in $(find ./src -name \*.java); do
+if [ "X$1" == "Xall" ]; then
+  for f in $(find ./src -name \*.java); do
     echo Formatting $f
     java -jar ./lib/google-java-format-1.3-all-deps.jar --replace $f
-done
+  done
+else
+  for file in $(git status --short | awk '{print $2}'); do
+    echo $file
+    java -jar ./lib/google-java-format-1.3-all-deps.jar --replace $file
+  done
+fi
 

bin/sign.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 mvn clean jar:jar javadoc:jar source:jar install -Prelease

build.gradle

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// gradle wrapper
-// ./gradlew clean generateLock saveLock
-// ./gradlew compileJava
-// ./gradlew run
-// ./gradlew run --debug-jvm
-// ./gradlew publishToMavenLocal
-
-
-buildscript {
-    ext {}
-    repositories {
-        jcenter()
-        mavenLocal()
-        mavenCentral()
-        maven { url "https://clojars.org/repo" }
-        maven { url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/" }
-    }
-    dependencies {
-        classpath 'com.netflix.nebula:gradle-dependency-lock-plugin:4.+'
-        classpath 'com.uber:okbuck:0.19.0'
-    }
-}
-
-apply plugin: 'java'
-apply plugin: 'idea'
-apply plugin: 'eclipse'
-apply plugin: 'java-library'
-apply plugin: 'maven-publish'
-apply plugin: 'com.uber.okbuck'
-apply plugin: 'nebula.dependency-lock'
-
-task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
-    gradleVersion = '4.0.2'
-}
-
-jar {
-    baseName = 'helenus'
-    group = 'net.helenus'
-    version = '2.0.17-SNAPSHOT'
-}
-
-description = """helenus"""
-
-sourceCompatibility = 1.8
-targetCompatibility = 1.8
-tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
-    options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
-}
-
-configurations.all {
-}
-
-repositories {
-    jcenter()
-    mavenLocal()
-    mavenCentral()
-    maven { url "file:///Users/gburd/ws/helenus/lib" }
-    maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots" }
-    maven { url "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2" }
-}
-dependencies {
-    compile group: 'com.datastax.cassandra', name: 'cassandra-driver-core', version: '3.3.0'
-    compile group: 'org.aspectj', name: 'aspectjrt', version: '1.8.10'
-    compile group: 'org.aspectj', name: 'aspectjweaver', version: '1.8.10'
-    compile group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-lang3', version: '3.6'
-    compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-core', version: '4.3.10.RELEASE'
-    compile group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '20.0'
-    compile group: 'com.diffplug.durian', name: 'durian', version: '3.+'
-    compile group: 'io.zipkin.java', name: 'zipkin', version: '1.29.2'
-    compile group: 'io.zipkin.brave', name: 'brave', version: '4.0.6'
-    compile group: 'io.dropwizard.metrics', name: 'metrics-core', version: '3.2.2'
-    compile group: 'javax.validation', name: 'validation-api', version: '2.0.0.CR3'
-    compile group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'slf4j-api', version: '1.7.1'
-
-    runtime group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'jcl-over-slf4j', version: '1.7.1'
-
-    testCompile group: 'org.codehaus.jackson', name: 'jackson-mapper-asl', version: '1.9.13'
-    testCompile group: 'com.anthemengineering.mojo', name: 'infer-maven-plugin', version: '0.1.0'
-    testCompile group: 'org.codehaus.jackson', name: 'jackson-core-asl', version: '1.9.13'
-    testCompile(group: 'org.cassandraunit', name: 'cassandra-unit', version: '3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT') {
-        exclude(module: 'cassandra-driver-core')
-    }
-    testCompile group: 'org.apache.cassandra', name: 'cassandra-all', version: '3.11.0'
-    testCompile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: '2.5'
-    testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
-    testCompile group: 'com.github.stephenc', name: 'jamm', version: '0.2.5'
-    testCompile group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-library', version: '1.3'
-    testCompile group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-core', version: '1.3'
-    testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.8.47'
-}

dependencies.lock

@@ -1,648 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "compile": {
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "20.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "compileClasspath": {
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "20.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "default": {
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "20.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
-            "locked": "1.7.1",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "runtime": {
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "20.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
-            "locked": "1.7.1",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "runtimeClasspath": {
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "20.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
-            "locked": "1.7.1",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "testCompile": {
-        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
-            "locked": "0.1.0",
-            "requested": "0.1.0"
-        },
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
-            "locked": "0.2.5",
-            "requested": "0.2.5"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "21.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "commons-io:commons-io": {
-            "locked": "2.5",
-            "requested": "2.5"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "junit:junit": {
-            "locked": "4.12",
-            "requested": "4.12"
-        },
-        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
-            "locked": "3.11.0",
-            "requested": "3.11.0"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
-            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
-            "locked": "2.8.47",
-            "requested": "2.8.47"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "testCompileClasspath": {
-        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
-            "locked": "0.1.0",
-            "requested": "0.1.0"
-        },
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
-            "locked": "0.2.5",
-            "requested": "0.2.5"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "21.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "commons-io:commons-io": {
-            "locked": "2.5",
-            "requested": "2.5"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "junit:junit": {
-            "locked": "4.12",
-            "requested": "4.12"
-        },
-        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
-            "locked": "3.11.0",
-            "requested": "3.11.0"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
-            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
-            "locked": "2.8.47",
-            "requested": "2.8.47"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "testRuntime": {
-        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
-            "locked": "0.1.0",
-            "requested": "0.1.0"
-        },
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
-            "locked": "0.2.5",
-            "requested": "0.2.5"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "21.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "commons-io:commons-io": {
-            "locked": "2.5",
-            "requested": "2.5"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "junit:junit": {
-            "locked": "4.12",
-            "requested": "4.12"
-        },
-        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
-            "locked": "3.11.0",
-            "requested": "3.11.0"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
-            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
-            "locked": "2.8.47",
-            "requested": "2.8.47"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
-            "locked": "1.7.7",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    },
-    "testRuntimeClasspath": {
-        "com.anthemengineering.mojo:infer-maven-plugin": {
-            "locked": "0.1.0",
-            "requested": "0.1.0"
-        },
-        "com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core": {
-            "locked": "3.3.0",
-            "requested": "3.3.0"
-        },
-        "com.diffplug.durian:durian": {
-            "locked": "3.5.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.+"
-        },
-        "com.github.stephenc:jamm": {
-            "locked": "0.2.5",
-            "requested": "0.2.5"
-        },
-        "com.google.guava:guava": {
-            "locked": "21.0",
-            "requested": "20.0"
-        },
-        "commons-io:commons-io": {
-            "locked": "2.5",
-            "requested": "2.5"
-        },
-        "io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core": {
-            "locked": "3.2.2",
-            "requested": "3.2.2"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.brave:brave": {
-            "locked": "4.0.6",
-            "requested": "4.0.6"
-        },
-        "io.zipkin.java:zipkin": {
-            "locked": "1.29.2",
-            "requested": "1.29.2"
-        },
-        "javax.validation:validation-api": {
-            "locked": "2.0.0.CR3",
-            "requested": "2.0.0.CR3"
-        },
-        "junit:junit": {
-            "locked": "4.12",
-            "requested": "4.12"
-        },
-        "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all": {
-            "locked": "3.11.0",
-            "requested": "3.11.0"
-        },
-        "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3": {
-            "locked": "3.6",
-            "requested": "3.6"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjrt": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.aspectj:aspectjweaver": {
-            "locked": "1.8.10",
-            "requested": "1.8.10"
-        },
-        "org.cassandraunit:cassandra-unit": {
-            "locked": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT",
-            "requested": "3.1.4.0-SNAPSHOT"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl": {
-            "locked": "1.9.13",
-            "requested": "1.9.13"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library": {
-            "locked": "1.3",
-            "requested": "1.3"
-        },
-        "org.mockito:mockito-core": {
-            "locked": "2.8.47",
-            "requested": "2.8.47"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j": {
-            "locked": "1.7.7",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.slf4j:slf4j-api": {
-            "locked": "1.7.25",
-            "requested": "1.7.1"
-        },
-        "org.springframework:spring-core": {
-            "locked": "4.3.10.RELEASE",
-            "requested": "4.3.10.RELEASE"
-        }
-    }
-}

helenus-core.iml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core:3.3.0" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-core:3.3.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.netty:netty-handler:4.0.47.Final" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.netty:netty-buffer:4.0.47.Final" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.netty:netty-common:4.0.47.Final" level="project" />
@@ -28,16 +28,14 @@
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.github.jnr:jnr-x86asm:1.0.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.github.jnr:jnr-posix:3.0.27" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.github.jnr:jnr-constants:0.9.0" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.datastax.cassandra:cassandra-driver-extras:3.3.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.diffplug.durian:durian:3.4.0" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.aspectj:aspectjrt:1.8.10" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:1.8.10" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.6" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: org.springframework:spring-core:4.3.10.RELEASE" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: javax.cache:cache-api:1.1.0" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: com.google.guava:guava:20.0" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.zipkin.java:zipkin:1.29.2" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.zipkin.brave:brave:4.0.6" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.zipkin.reporter:zipkin-reporter:0.6.12" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: io.dropwizard.metrics:metrics-core:3.2.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="Maven: javax.validation:validation-api:2.0.0.CR3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:1.9.13" level="project" />
@@ -116,9 +114,9 @@
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.caffinitas.ohc:ohc-core:0.4.4" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: com.github.ben-manes.caffeine:caffeine:2.2.6" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.jctools:jctools-core:1.2.1" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: ca.exprofesso:guava-jcache:1.0.4" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: commons-io:commons-io:2.5" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: junit:junit:4.12" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: com.github.stephenc:jamm:0.2.5" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="Maven: org.mockito:mockito-core:2.8.47" level="project" />

pom.xml

@@ -109,7 +109,13 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>
             <artifactId>cassandra-driver-core</artifactId>
-            <version>3.3.0</version>
+            <version>3.3.2</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>
+            <artifactId>cassandra-driver-extras</artifactId>
+            <version>3.3.2</version>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
@@ -118,12 +124,6 @@
             <version>3.4.0</version>
         </dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
-            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
-            <version>1.8.10</version>
-        </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
             <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
@@ -142,25 +142,19 @@
             <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
+            <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
+            <version>1.1.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
             <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
             <version>20.0</version>
         </dependency>
 
-        <!-- Metrics and tracing -->
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
-            <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
-            <version>1.29.2</version>
-        </dependency>
-
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
-            <artifactId>brave</artifactId>
-            <version>4.0.6</version>
-        </dependency>
-
+        <!-- Metrics -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.dropwizard.metrics</groupId>
             <artifactId>metrics-core</artifactId>
@@ -217,6 +211,24 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>ca.exprofesso</groupId>
+            <artifactId>guava-jcache</artifactId>
+            <version>1.0.4</version>
+            <exclusions>
+                <exclusion>
+                    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+                </exclusion>
+                <exclusion>
+                    <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
+                </exclusion>
+            </exclusions>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
             <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
@@ -231,13 +243,6 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.github.stephenc</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jamm</artifactId>
-            <version>0.2.5</version>
-            <scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
-
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
             <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
@@ -272,7 +277,6 @@
             <version>1.7.1</version>
             <scope>runtime</scope>
         </dependency>
-
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>

settings.gradle

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-rootProject.name = 'helenus-core'

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/querybuilder/IsNotNullClause.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,9 +16,8 @@
  */
 package com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.CodecRegistry;
+import java.util.List;
 
 public class IsNotNullClause extends Clause {
 

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/CreateCustomIndex.java

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
   CreateCustomIndex(String indexName) {
     super(indexName);
     validateNotEmpty(indexName, "Index name");
-		validateNotKeyWord(indexName,
-				String.format("The index name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", indexName));
+    validateNotKeyWord(
+        indexName,
+        String.format(
+            "The index name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", indexName));
     this.indexName = indexName;
   }
 
@@ -34,20 +36,22 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
   /**
    * Specify the keyspace and table to create the index on.
    *
-	 * @param keyspaceName
-	 *            the keyspace name.
-	 * @param tableName
-	 *            the table name.
-	 * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification
-	 *         of the column.
+   * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name.
+   * @param tableName the table name.
+   * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification of the column.
    */
   public CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn onTable(String keyspaceName, String tableName) {
     validateNotEmpty(keyspaceName, "Keyspace name");
     validateNotEmpty(tableName, "Table name");
-		validateNotKeyWord(keyspaceName,
-				String.format("The keyspace name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", keyspaceName));
-		validateNotKeyWord(tableName,
-				String.format("The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
+    validateNotKeyWord(
+        keyspaceName,
+        String.format(
+            "The keyspace name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword",
+            keyspaceName));
+    validateNotKeyWord(
+        tableName,
+        String.format(
+            "The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
     this.keyspaceName = Optional.fromNullable(keyspaceName);
     this.tableName = tableName;
     return new CreateCustomIndex.CreateIndexOn();
@@ -56,52 +60,19 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
   /**
    * Specify the table to create the index on.
    *
-	 * @param tableName
-	 *            the table name.
-	 * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification
-	 *         of the column.
+   * @param tableName the table name.
+   * @return a {@link CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn} that will allow the specification of the column.
    */
   public CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn onTable(String tableName) {
     validateNotEmpty(tableName, "Table name");
-		validateNotKeyWord(tableName,
-				String.format("The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
+    validateNotKeyWord(
+        tableName,
+        String.format(
+            "The table name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", tableName));
     this.tableName = tableName;
     return new CreateCustomIndex.CreateIndexOn();
   }
 
-	public class CreateIndexOn extends CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn {
-		/**
-		 * Specify the column to create the index on.
-		 *
-		 * @param columnName
-		 *            the column name.
-		 * @return the final CREATE INDEX statement.
-		 */
-		public SchemaStatement andColumn(String columnName) {
-			validateNotEmpty(columnName, "Column name");
-			validateNotKeyWord(columnName,
-					String.format("The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
-			CreateCustomIndex.this.columnName = columnName;
-			return SchemaStatement.fromQueryString(buildInternal());
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * Create an index on the keys of the given map column.
-		 *
-		 * @param columnName
-		 *            the column name.
-		 * @return the final CREATE INDEX statement.
-		 */
-		public SchemaStatement andKeysOfColumn(String columnName) {
-			validateNotEmpty(columnName, "Column name");
-			validateNotKeyWord(columnName,
-					String.format("The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
-			CreateCustomIndex.this.columnName = columnName;
-			CreateCustomIndex.this.keys = true;
-			return SchemaStatement.fromQueryString(buildInternal());
-		}
-	}
-
   String getCustomClassName() {
     return "";
   }
@@ -112,7 +83,8 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 
   @Override
   public String buildInternal() {
-		StringBuilder createStatement = new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ");
+    StringBuilder createStatement =
+        new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ");
 
     if (ifNotExists) {
       createStatement.append("IF NOT EXISTS ");
@@ -145,4 +117,39 @@ public class CreateCustomIndex extends CreateIndex {
 
     return createStatement.toString();
   }
+
+  public class CreateIndexOn extends CreateIndex.CreateIndexOn {
+    /**
+     * Specify the column to create the index on.
+     *
+     * @param columnName the column name.
+     * @return the final CREATE INDEX statement.
+     */
+    public SchemaStatement andColumn(String columnName) {
+      validateNotEmpty(columnName, "Column name");
+      validateNotKeyWord(
+          columnName,
+          String.format(
+              "The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
+      CreateCustomIndex.this.columnName = columnName;
+      return SchemaStatement.fromQueryString(buildInternal());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an index on the keys of the given map column.
+     *
+     * @param columnName the column name.
+     * @return the final CREATE INDEX statement.
+     */
+    public SchemaStatement andKeysOfColumn(String columnName) {
+      validateNotEmpty(columnName, "Column name");
+      validateNotKeyWord(
+          columnName,
+          String.format(
+              "The column name '%s' is not allowed because it is a reserved keyword", columnName));
+      CreateCustomIndex.this.columnName = columnName;
+      CreateCustomIndex.this.keys = true;
+      return SchemaStatement.fromQueryString(buildInternal());
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/CreateMaterializedView.java

@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 
 public class CreateMaterializedView extends Create {
 
-	private String viewName;
+  private final String viewName;
   private Select.Where selection;
   private String primaryKey;
   private String clustering;
 
-	public CreateMaterializedView(String keyspaceName, String viewName, Select.Where selection, String primaryKey,
+  public CreateMaterializedView(
+      String keyspaceName,
+      String viewName,
+      Select.Where selection,
+      String primaryKey,
       String clustering) {
     super(keyspaceName, viewName);
     this.viewName = viewName;
@@ -24,7 +28,8 @@ public class CreateMaterializedView extends Create {
   }
 
   public String buildInternal() {
-		StringBuilder createStatement = new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW");
+    StringBuilder createStatement =
+        new StringBuilder(STATEMENT_START).append("CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW");
     if (ifNotExists) {
       createStatement.append(" IF NOT EXISTS");
     }

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/CreateSasiIndex.java

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ public class CreateSasiIndex extends CreateCustomIndex {
   }
 
   String getOptions() {
-		return "'analyzer_class': " + "'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer', "
+    return "'analyzer_class': "
+        + "'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer', "
         + "'case_sensitive': 'false'";
   }
 }

src/main/java/com/datastax/driver/core/schemabuilder/DropMaterializedView.java

@@ -4,14 +4,9 @@ import com.google.common.base.Optional;
 
 public class DropMaterializedView extends Drop {
 
-	enum DroppedItem {
-		TABLE, TYPE, INDEX, MATERIALIZED_VIEW
-	}
-
   private Optional<String> keyspaceName = Optional.absent();
   private String itemName;
   private boolean ifExists = true;
-	private final String itemType = "MATERIALIZED VIEW";
 
   public DropMaterializedView(String keyspaceName, String viewName) {
     this(keyspaceName, viewName, DroppedItem.MATERIALIZED_VIEW);
@@ -36,7 +31,7 @@ public class DropMaterializedView extends Drop {
 
   @Override
   public String buildInternal() {
-		StringBuilder dropStatement = new StringBuilder("DROP " + itemType + " ");
+    StringBuilder dropStatement = new StringBuilder("DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ");
     if (ifExists) {
       dropStatement.append("IF EXISTS ");
     }
@@ -47,4 +42,11 @@ public class DropMaterializedView extends Drop {
     dropStatement.append(itemName);
     return dropStatement.toString();
   }
+
+  enum DroppedItem {
+    TABLE,
+    TYPE,
+    INDEX,
+    MATERIALIZED_VIEW
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/config/DefaultHelenusSettings.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ package net.helenus.config;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import net.helenus.core.DslInstantiator;
 import net.helenus.core.MapperInstantiator;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.ReflectionDslInstantiator;

src/main/java/net/helenus/config/GetterMethodDetector.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ package net.helenus.config;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.Transient;
 
 public enum GetterMethodDetector implements Function<Method, Boolean> {

src/main/java/net/helenus/config/HelenusSettings.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ package net.helenus.config;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import net.helenus.core.DslInstantiator;
 import net.helenus.core.MapperInstantiator;
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractAuditedEntityDraft.java

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.Date;
-
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 
 public abstract class AbstractAuditedEntityDraft<E> extends AbstractEntityDraft<E> {
@@ -34,6 +33,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractAuditedEntityDraft<E> extends AbstractEntityDraft<
   }
 
   public Date createdAt() {
-		return (Date) get("createdAt", Date.class);
+    return get("createdAt", Date.class);
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractEntityDraft.java

@@ -1,26 +1,37 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import com.google.common.primitives.Primitives;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
-
-import com.google.common.primitives.Primitives;
-
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DefaultPrimitiveTypes;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.Drafted;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 
 public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
-	private final Map<String, Object> backingMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
   private final MapExportable entity;
-	private final Map<String, Object> entityMap;
+  private final Map<String, Object> valuesMap;
+  private final Set<String> readSet;
+  private final Map<String, Object> mutationsMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 
   public AbstractEntityDraft(MapExportable entity) {
     this.entity = entity;
-		this.entityMap = entity != null ? entity.toMap() : new HashMap<String, Object>();
+    // Entities can mutate their map.
+    if (entity != null) {
+      this.valuesMap = entity.toMap(true);
+      this.readSet = entity.toReadSet();
+    } else {
+      this.valuesMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+      this.readSet = new HashSet<String>();
+    }
   }
 
   public abstract Class<E> getEntityClass();
@@ -30,16 +41,17 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	protected <T> T get(Getter<T> getter, Class<?> returnType) {
+  public <T> T get(Getter<T> getter, Class<?> returnType) {
     return (T) get(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), returnType);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	protected <T> T get(String key, Class<?> returnType) {
-		T value = (T) backingMap.get(key);
+  public <T> T get(String key, Class<?> returnType) {
+    readSet.add(key);
+    T value = (T) mutationsMap.get(key);
 
     if (value == null) {
-			value = (T) entityMap.get(key);
+      value = (T) valuesMap.get(key);
       if (value == null) {
 
         if (Primitives.allPrimitiveTypes().contains(returnType)) {
@@ -51,52 +63,65 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
           return (T) type.getDefaultValue();
         }
+      } else {
+        // Collections fetched from the valuesMap
+        if (value instanceof Collection) {
+          value = (T) SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone((Serializable) value);
+        }
       }
     }
 
     return value;
   }
 
-	protected <T> Object set(Getter<T> getter, Object value) {
-		return set(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), value);
-	}
+  public <T> Object set(Getter<T> getter, Object value) {
+    HelenusProperty prop = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter).getProperty();
+    String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+
+    HelenusValidator.INSTANCE.validate(prop, value);
 
-	protected Object set(String key, Object value) {
     if (key == null || value == null) {
       return null;
     }
 
-		backingMap.put(key, value);
+    mutationsMap.put(key, value);
     return value;
   }
 
+  public Object set(String key, Object value) {
+    if (key == null || value == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    mutationsMap.put(key, value);
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  public void put(String key, Object value) {
+    mutationsMap.put(key, value);
+  }
+
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	protected <T> T mutate(Getter<T> getter, T value) {
+  public <T> T mutate(Getter<T> getter, T value) {
     return (T) mutate(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), value);
   }
 
-	protected Object mutate(String key, Object value) {
+  public <T> T mutate(String key, T value) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(key);
 
-		if (value == null) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
+    if (value != null) {
       if (entity != null) {
-			Map<String, Object> map = entity.toMap();
-
-			if (map.containsKey(key) && !value.equals(map.get(key))) {
-				backingMap.put(key, value);
+        T currentValue = this.<T>fetch(key);
+        if (!value.equals(currentValue)) {
+          mutationsMap.put(key, value);
           return value;
         }
-
-			return map.get(key);
       } else {
-			backingMap.put(key, value);
-
-			return null;
+        mutationsMap.put(key, value);
       }
     }
+    return null;
+  }
 
   private <T> String methodNameFor(Getter<T> getter) {
     return MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter).getProperty().getPropertyName();
@@ -108,8 +133,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
   public Object unset(String key) {
     if (key != null) {
-			Object value = backingMap.get(key);
-			backingMap.put(key, null);
+      Object value = mutationsMap.get(key);
+      mutationsMap.put(key, null);
       return value;
     }
     return null;
@@ -119,10 +144,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
     return this.<T>reset(this.<T>methodNameFor(getter), desiredValue);
   }
 
+  private <T> T fetch(String key) {
+    T value = (T) mutationsMap.get(key);
+    if (value == null) {
+      value = (T) valuesMap.get(key);
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
   public <T> boolean reset(String key, T desiredValue) {
     if (key != null && desiredValue != null) {
       @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-			T currentValue = (T) backingMap.get(key);
+      T currentValue = (T) this.<T>fetch(key);
       if (currentValue == null || !currentValue.equals(desiredValue)) {
         set(key, desiredValue);
         return true;
@@ -133,32 +166,37 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityDraft<E> implements Drafted<E> {
 
   @Override
   public Map<String, Object> toMap() {
-		return toMap(entityMap);
+    return toMap(valuesMap);
   }
 
   public Map<String, Object> toMap(Map<String, Object> entityMap) {
     Map<String, Object> combined;
     if (entityMap != null && entityMap.size() > 0) {
       combined = new HashMap<String, Object>(entityMap.size());
-			for (String key : entityMap.keySet()) {
-				combined.put(key, entityMap.get(key));
+      for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : entityMap.entrySet()) {
+        combined.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
       }
     } else {
-			combined = new HashMap<String, Object>(backingMap.size());
+      combined = new HashMap<String, Object>(mutationsMap.size());
     }
     for (String key : mutated()) {
-			combined.put(key, backingMap.get(key));
+      combined.put(key, mutationsMap.get(key));
     }
     return combined;
   }
 
   @Override
   public Set<String> mutated() {
-		return backingMap.keySet();
+    return mutationsMap.keySet();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Set<String> read() {
+    return readSet;
   }
 
   @Override
   public String toString() {
-		return backingMap.toString();
+    return mutationsMap.toString();
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractSessionOperations.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,24 +16,21 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.collect.Table;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
-import com.google.common.collect.Table;
-import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-
-import brave.Tracer;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValuePreparer;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValueProvider;
+import net.helenus.support.Either;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
@@ -44,6 +42,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   public abstract boolean isShowCql();
 
+  public abstract boolean showValues();
+
   public abstract PrintStream getPrintStream();
 
   public abstract Executor getExecutor();
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   public PreparedStatement prepare(RegularStatement statement) {
     try {
-			log(statement, false);
       return currentSession().prepare(statement);
     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
       throw translateException(e);
@@ -69,58 +68,53 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   public ListenableFuture<PreparedStatement> prepareAsync(RegularStatement statement) {
     try {
-			log(statement, false);
       return currentSession().prepareAsync(statement);
     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
       throw translateException(e);
     }
   }
 
-	public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, boolean showValues) {
-		return executeAsync(statement, showValues).getUninterruptibly();
+  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement) {
+    return execute(statement, null, null);
   }
 
-	public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, boolean showValues) {
+  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, Stopwatch timer) {
+    return execute(statement, null, timer);
+  }
+
+  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow) {
+    return execute(statement, uow, null);
+  }
+
+  public ResultSet execute(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer) {
+    return executeAsync(statement, uow, timer).getUninterruptibly();
+  }
+
+  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement) {
+    return executeAsync(statement, null, null);
+  }
+
+  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, Stopwatch timer) {
+    return executeAsync(statement, null, timer);
+  }
+
+  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow) {
+    return executeAsync(statement, uow, null);
+  }
+
+  public ResultSetFuture executeAsync(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer) {
     try {
-			log(statement, showValues);
       return currentSession().executeAsync(statement);
     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
       throw translateException(e);
     }
   }
 
-	void log(Statement statement, boolean showValues) {
-		if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
-			LOG.info("Execute statement " + statement);
-		}
-		if (isShowCql()) {
-			if (statement instanceof BuiltStatement) {
-				BuiltStatement builtStatement = (BuiltStatement) statement;
-				if (showValues) {
-					RegularStatement regularStatement = builtStatement.setForceNoValues(true);
-					printCql(regularStatement.getQueryString());
-				} else {
-					printCql(builtStatement.getQueryString());
-				}
-			} else if (statement instanceof RegularStatement) {
-				RegularStatement regularStatement = (RegularStatement) statement;
-				printCql(regularStatement.getQueryString());
-			} else {
-				printCql(statement.toString());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	public Tracer getZipkinTracer() {
-		return null;
-	}
-
   public MetricRegistry getMetricRegistry() {
     return null;
   }
 
-	public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Object> cache) {
-	}
+  public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> uowCache) {}
 
   RuntimeException translateException(RuntimeException e) {
     if (e instanceof HelenusException) {
@@ -133,10 +127,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractSessionOperations {
     return null;
   }
 
-	public void updateCache(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets) {
-	}
+  public void updateCache(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets) {}
 
-	void printCql(String cql) {
-		getPrintStream().println(cql);
-	}
+  public void cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AbstractUnitOfWork.java

@@ -1,253 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *
- *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- *   limitations under the License.
- */
-package net.helenus.core;
-
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-import com.diffplug.common.base.Errors;
-import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
-import com.google.common.collect.HashBasedTable;
-import com.google.common.collect.Table;
-import com.google.common.collect.TreeTraverser;
-
-import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
-import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
-
-/** Encapsulates the concept of a "transaction" as a unit-of-work. */
-public abstract class AbstractUnitOfWork<E extends Exception> implements UnitOfWork<E>, AutoCloseable {
-
-	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractUnitOfWork.class);
-
-	private final List<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> nested = new ArrayList<>();
-	private final HelenusSession session;
-	private final AbstractUnitOfWork<E> parent;
-	// Cache:
-	private final Table<String, String, Object> cache = HashBasedTable.create();
-	private List<CommitThunk> postCommit = new ArrayList<CommitThunk>();
-	private boolean aborted = false;
-	private boolean committed = false;
-	private String purpose_;
-	private Stopwatch elapsedTime_;
-	private Stopwatch databaseTime_ = Stopwatch.createUnstarted();
-	private Stopwatch cacheLookupTime_ = Stopwatch.createUnstarted();
-
-	protected AbstractUnitOfWork(HelenusSession session, AbstractUnitOfWork<E> parent) {
-		Objects.requireNonNull(session, "containing session cannot be null");
-
-		this.session = session;
-		this.parent = parent;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public Stopwatch getExecutionTimer() {
-		return databaseTime_;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public Stopwatch getCacheLookupTimer() {
-		return cacheLookupTime_;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void addNestedUnitOfWork(UnitOfWork<E> uow) {
-		synchronized (nested) {
-			nested.add((AbstractUnitOfWork<E>) uow);
-		}
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public UnitOfWork<E> begin() {
-		elapsedTime_ = Stopwatch.createStarted();
-		// log.record(txn::start)
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public UnitOfWork setPurpose(String purpose) {
-		purpose_ = purpose;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	public void logTimers(String what) {
-		double e = (double) elapsedTime_.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS) / 1000.0;
-		double d = (double) databaseTime_.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS) / 1000.0;
-		double c = (double) cacheLookupTime_.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS) / 1000.0;
-		double fd = (d / (e - c)) * 100.0;
-		double fc = (c / (e - d)) * 100.0;
-		LOG.info(String.format("UOW(%s)%s %s (total: %.3fms cache: %.3fms %2.2f%% db: %.3fms %2.2f%%)", hashCode(),
-				(purpose_ == null ? "" : " " + purpose_), what, e, c, fc, d, fd));
-	}
-
-	private void applyPostCommitFunctions() {
-		if (!postCommit.isEmpty()) {
-			for (CommitThunk f : postCommit) {
-				f.apply();
-			}
-		}
-		logTimers("committed");
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public Optional<Object> cacheLookup(List<Facet> facets) {
-		String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-		Optional<Object> result = Optional.empty();
-		for (Facet facet : facets) {
-			if (!facet.fixed()) {
-				String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-				Object value = cache.get(tableName, columnName);
-				if (value != null) {
-					if (result.isPresent() && result.get() != value) {
-						// One facet matched, but another did not.
-						result = Optional.empty();
-						break;
-					} else {
-						result = Optional.of(value);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if (!result.isPresent()) {
-			// Be sure to check all enclosing UnitOfWork caches as well, we may be nested.
-			if (parent != null) {
-				return parent.cacheLookup(facets);
-			}
-		}
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void cacheUpdate(Object value, List<Facet> facets) {
-		Facet table = facets.remove(0);
-		String tableName = table.value().toString();
-		for (Facet facet : facets) {
-			String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-			cache.put(tableName, columnName, value);
-		}
-	}
-
-	private Iterator<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> getChildNodes() {
-		return nested.iterator();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks to see if the work performed between calling begin and now can be
-	 * committed or not.
-	 *
-	 * @return a function from which to chain work that only happens when commit is
-	 *         successful
-	 * @throws E
-	 *             when the work overlaps with other concurrent writers.
-	 */
-	public PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> commit() throws E {
-		// All nested UnitOfWork should be committed (not aborted) before calls to
-		// commit, check.
-		boolean canCommit = true;
-		TreeTraverser<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
-		for (AbstractUnitOfWork<E> uow : traverser.postOrderTraversal(this)) {
-			if (this != uow) {
-				canCommit &= (!uow.aborted && uow.committed);
-			}
-		}
-
-		// log.record(txn::provisionalCommit)
-		// examine log for conflicts in read-set and write-set between begin and
-		// provisional commit
-		// if (conflict) { throw new ConflictingUnitOfWorkException(this) }
-		// else return function so as to enable commit.andThen(() -> { do something iff
-		// commit was successful; })
-
-		if (canCommit) {
-			committed = true;
-			aborted = false;
-
-			nested.forEach((uow) -> Errors.rethrow().wrap(uow::commit));
-
-			// Merge UOW cache into parent's cache.
-			if (parent != null) {
-				parent.mergeCache(cache);
-			} else {
-				session.mergeCache(cache);
-			}
-			elapsedTime_.stop();
-
-			// Apply all post-commit functions for
-			if (parent == null) {
-				traverser.postOrderTraversal(this).forEach(uow -> {
-					uow.applyPostCommitFunctions();
-				});
-				return new PostCommitFunction(this, null);
-			}
-		}
-		// else {
-		// Constructor<T> ctor = clazz.getConstructor(conflictExceptionClass);
-		// T object = ctor.newInstance(new Object[] { String message });
-		// }
-		return new PostCommitFunction(this, postCommit);
-	}
-
-	/* Explicitly discard the work and mark it as as such in the log. */
-	public void abort() {
-		TreeTraverser<AbstractUnitOfWork<E>> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
-		traverser.postOrderTraversal(this).forEach(uow -> {
-			uow.committed = false;
-			uow.aborted = true;
-		});
-		// log.record(txn::abort)
-		// cache.invalidateSince(txn::start time)
-		if (!hasAborted()) {
-			elapsedTime_.stop();
-			logTimers("aborted");
-		}
-	}
-
-	private void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Object> from) {
-		Table<String, String, Object> to = this.cache;
-		from.rowMap().forEach((rowKey, columnMap) -> {
-			columnMap.forEach((columnKey, value) -> {
-				if (to.contains(rowKey, columnKey)) {
-					to.put(rowKey, columnKey, CacheUtil.merge(to.get(rowKey, columnKey), from.get(rowKey, columnKey)));
-				} else {
-					to.put(rowKey, columnKey, from.get(rowKey, columnKey));
-				}
-			});
-		});
-	}
-
-	public String describeConflicts() {
-		return "it's complex...";
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void close() throws E {
-		// Closing a AbstractUnitOfWork will abort iff we've not already aborted or
-		// committed this unit of work.
-		if (aborted == false && committed == false) {
-			abort();
-		}
-	}
-
-	public boolean hasAborted() {
-		return aborted;
-	}
-
-	public boolean hasCommitted() {
-		return committed;
-	}
-}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/AutoDdl.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,5 +17,8 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
 public enum AutoDdl {
-	VALIDATE, UPDATE, CREATE, CREATE_DROP;
+  VALIDATE,
+  UPDATE,
+  CREATE,
+  CREATE_DROP;
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/CommitThunk.java

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-package net.helenus.core;
-
-@FunctionalInterface
-public interface CommitThunk {
-	void apply();
-}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/ConflictingUnitOfWorkException.java

@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 package net.helenus.core;
 
 public class ConflictingUnitOfWorkException extends Exception {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/DslInstantiator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,13 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.Optional;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
-
+import java.util.Optional;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 
 public interface DslInstantiator {
 
-	<E> E instantiate(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent, Metadata metadata);
+  <E> E instantiate(
+      Class<E> iface,
+      ClassLoader classLoader,
+      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
+      Metadata metadata);
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Filter.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,10 +16,8 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.Objects;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Clause;
-
+import java.util.Objects;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValuePreparer;
@@ -33,14 +32,6 @@ public final class Filter<V> {
     this.postulate = postulate;
   }
 
-	public HelenusPropertyNode getNode() {
-		return node;
-	}
-
-	public Clause getClause(ColumnValuePreparer valuePreparer) {
-		return postulate.getClause(node, valuePreparer);
-	}
-
   public static <V> Filter<V> equal(Getter<V> getter, V val) {
     return create(getter, Operator.EQ, val);
   }
@@ -89,13 +80,21 @@ public final class Filter<V> {
     return new Filter<V>(node, postulate);
   }
 
+  public static <V> Filter<V> create(
+      Getter<V> getter, HelenusPropertyNode node, Postulate<V> postulate) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(getter, "empty getter");
+    Objects.requireNonNull(postulate, "empty operator");
+    return new Filter<V>(node, postulate);
+  }
+
   public static <V> Filter<V> create(Getter<V> getter, Operator op, V val) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter, "empty getter");
     Objects.requireNonNull(op, "empty op");
     Objects.requireNonNull(val, "empty value");
 
     if (op == Operator.IN) {
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid usage of the 'in' operator, use Filter.in() static method");
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "invalid usage of the 'in' operator, use Filter.in() static method");
     }
 
     HelenusPropertyNode node = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter);
@@ -105,6 +104,14 @@ public final class Filter<V> {
     return new Filter<V>(node, postulate);
   }
 
+  public HelenusPropertyNode getNode() {
+    return node;
+  }
+
+  public Clause getClause(ColumnValuePreparer valuePreparer) {
+    return postulate.getClause(node, valuePreparer);
+  }
+
   public V[] postulateValues() {
     return postulate.values();
   }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Getter.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Helenus.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,17 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
-
 import net.helenus.config.DefaultHelenusSettings;
 import net.helenus.config.HelenusSettings;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DslExportable;
@@ -35,14 +34,15 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class Helenus {
 
-	private static volatile HelenusSettings settings = new DefaultHelenusSettings();
-	private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Object> dslCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Object>();
-	private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Metadata> metadataForEntity = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Metadata>();
+  private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Object> dslCache =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Object>();
+  private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Metadata> metadataForEntity =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Metadata>();
   private static final Set<HelenusSession> sessions = new HashSet<HelenusSession>();
+  private static volatile HelenusSettings settings = new DefaultHelenusSettings();
   private static volatile HelenusSession singleton;
 
-	private Helenus() {
-	}
+  private Helenus() {}
 
   protected static void setSession(HelenusSession session) {
     sessions.add(session);
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ public final class Helenus {
   }
 
   public static void shutdown() {
-		sessions.forEach((session) -> {
+    sessions.forEach(
+        (session) -> {
           session.close();
           sessions.remove(session);
         });
@@ -81,6 +82,10 @@ public final class Helenus {
     return new SessionInitializer(session);
   }
 
+  public static SessionInitializer init(Session session, String keyspace) {
+    return new SessionInitializer(session, keyspace);
+  }
+
   public static SessionInitializer init(Session session) {
 
     if (session == null) {
@@ -106,7 +111,10 @@ public final class Helenus {
     return dsl(iface, classLoader, Optional.empty(), metadata);
   }
 
-	public static <E> E dsl(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
+  public static <E> E dsl(
+      Class<E> iface,
+      ClassLoader classLoader,
+      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
       Metadata metadata) {
 
     Object instance = null;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/HelenusSession.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,23 +18,17 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 
 import static net.helenus.core.Query.eq;
 
-import java.io.Closeable;
-import java.io.PrintStream;
-import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
 import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
-import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
 import com.google.common.collect.Table;
-
-import brave.Tracer;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
@@ -42,65 +37,76 @@ import net.helenus.core.reflect.Drafted;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.*;
-import net.helenus.support.DslPropertyException;
-import net.helenus.support.Fun;
+import net.helenus.support.*;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun.Tuple1;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun.Tuple2;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun.Tuple6;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
-public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeable {
-
-	private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 10000;
-	private final int MAX_CACHE_EXPIRE_SECONDS = 600;
+public class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements Closeable {
+  public static final Object deleted = new Object();
 
   private final Session session;
   private final CodecRegistry registry;
-	private volatile String usingKeyspace;
-	private volatile boolean showCql;
   private final ConsistencyLevel defaultConsistencyLevel;
   private final boolean defaultQueryIdempotency;
   private final MetricRegistry metricRegistry;
-	private final Tracer zipkinTracer;
   private final PrintStream printStream;
-	private final Class<? extends UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkClass;
   private final SessionRepository sessionRepository;
   private final Executor executor;
   private final boolean dropSchemaOnClose;
-	private final Cache sessionCache;
-
+  private final CacheManager cacheManager;
   private final RowColumnValueProvider valueProvider;
   private final StatementColumnValuePreparer valuePreparer;
   private final Metadata metadata;
+  private volatile String usingKeyspace;
+  private volatile boolean showCql;
+  private volatile boolean showValues;
 
-	HelenusSession(Session session, String usingKeyspace, CodecRegistry registry, boolean showCql,
-			PrintStream printStream, SessionRepositoryBuilder sessionRepositoryBuilder, Executor executor,
-			boolean dropSchemaOnClose, ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel, boolean defaultQueryIdempotency,
-			Class<? extends UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkClass, MetricRegistry metricRegistry, Tracer tracer) {
+  HelenusSession(
+      Session session,
+      String usingKeyspace,
+      CodecRegistry registry,
+      boolean showCql,
+      boolean showValues,
+      PrintStream printStream,
+      SessionRepositoryBuilder sessionRepositoryBuilder,
+      Executor executor,
+      boolean dropSchemaOnClose,
+      ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel,
+      boolean defaultQueryIdempotency,
+      CacheManager cacheManager,
+      MetricRegistry metricRegistry) {
     this.session = session;
     this.registry = registry == null ? CodecRegistry.DEFAULT_INSTANCE : registry;
-		this.usingKeyspace = Objects.requireNonNull(usingKeyspace,
-				"keyspace needs to be selected before creating session");
+    this.usingKeyspace =
+        Objects.requireNonNull(
+            usingKeyspace, "keyspace needs to be selected before creating session");
     this.showCql = showCql;
+    this.showValues = showValues;
     this.printStream = printStream;
-		this.sessionRepository = sessionRepositoryBuilder.build();
+    this.sessionRepository =
+        sessionRepositoryBuilder == null ? null : sessionRepositoryBuilder.build();
     this.executor = executor;
     this.dropSchemaOnClose = dropSchemaOnClose;
     this.defaultConsistencyLevel = consistencyLevel;
     this.defaultQueryIdempotency = defaultQueryIdempotency;
-		this.unitOfWorkClass = unitOfWorkClass;
     this.metricRegistry = metricRegistry;
-		this.zipkinTracer = tracer;
-
-		this.sessionCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().maximumSize(MAX_CACHE_SIZE)
-				.expireAfterAccess(MAX_CACHE_EXPIRE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS).recordStats().build();
+    this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
 
     this.valueProvider = new RowColumnValueProvider(this.sessionRepository);
     this.valuePreparer = new StatementColumnValuePreparer(this.sessionRepository);
-		this.metadata = session.getCluster().getMetadata();
+    this.metadata = session == null ? null : session.getCluster().getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public UnitOfWork begin() {
+    return new UnitOfWork(this).begin();
+  }
+
+  public UnitOfWork begin(UnitOfWork parent) {
+    return new UnitOfWork(this, parent).begin();
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -139,6 +145,20 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     return this;
   }
 
+  public HelenusSession showQueryValuesInLog(boolean showValues) {
+    this.showValues = showValues;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public HelenusSession showQueryValuesInLog() {
+    this.showValues = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public boolean showValues() {
+    return showValues;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public Executor getExecutor() {
     return executor;
@@ -159,11 +179,6 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     return valuePreparer;
   }
 
-	@Override
-	public Tracer getZipkinTracer() {
-		return zipkinTracer;
-	}
-
   @Override
   public MetricRegistry getMetricRegistry() {
     return metricRegistry;
@@ -181,34 +196,53 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
 
   @Override
   public Object checkCache(String tableName, List<Facet> facets) {
-		List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(facets);
     Object result = null;
-		for (String[] combination : facetCombinations) {
-			String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-			result = sessionCache.getIfPresent(cacheKey);
+    if (cacheManager != null) {
+      Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+      if (cache != null) {
+        for (String key : CacheUtil.flatKeys(tableName, facets)) {
+          result = cache.get(key);
           if (result != null) {
             return result;
           }
         }
+      }
+    }
     return null;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {
+    if (cacheManager != null) {
+      String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+      Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+      if (cache != null) {
+        CacheUtil.flatKeys(tableName, facets).forEach(key -> cache.remove(key));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   @Override
   public void updateCache(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets) {
-		Map<String, Object> valueMap = pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
+    Map<String, Object> valueMap =
+        pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
     List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
     for (Facet facet : facets) {
       if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
         UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
         UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-				unboundFacet.getProperties().forEach(prop -> {
+        for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
+          Object value;
           if (valueMap == null) {
-						Object value = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+            value = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+            if (value != null) {
               binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
-					} else {
-						binder.setValueForProperty(prop, valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName()).toString());
             }
-				});
+          } else {
+            value = valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
+            if (value != null) binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
+          }
+        }
         if (binder.isBound()) {
           boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
         }
@@ -218,42 +252,43 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     }
     String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
     List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(boundFacets);
-		Object value = sessionCache.getIfPresent(pojo);
-		Object mergedValue = null;
-		for (String[] combination : facetCombinations) {
-			String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-			if (value == null) {
-				sessionCache.put(cacheKey, pojo);
-			} else {
-				if (mergedValue == null) {
-					mergedValue = pojo;
-				} else {
-					mergedValue = CacheUtil.merge(value, pojo);
-				}
-				sessionCache.put(mergedValue, pojo);
-			}
-		}
-
+    replaceCachedFacetValues(pojo, tableName, facetCombinations);
   }
 
   @Override
-	public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Object> uowCache) {
-		List<Object> pojos = uowCache.values().stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
-		for (Object pojo : pojos) {
+  public void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> uowCache) {
+    if (cacheManager != null) {
+      List<Object> items =
+          uowCache
+              .values()
+              .stream()
+              .filter(Either::isLeft)
+              .map(Either::getLeft)
+              .distinct()
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+      for (Object pojo : items) {
         HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo));
-			Map<String, Object> valueMap = pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
+        Map<String, Object> valueMap =
+            pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
         if (entity.isCacheable()) {
           List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
           for (Facet facet : entity.getFacets()) {
             if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
               UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
               UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-						unboundFacet.getProperties().forEach(prop -> {
+              unboundFacet
+                  .getProperties()
+                  .forEach(
+                      prop -> {
                         if (valueMap == null) {
-								Object value = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+                          Object value =
+                              BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop);
                           binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
                         } else {
-								binder.setValueForProperty(prop, valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName()).toString());
+                          Object v = valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
+                          if (v != null) {
+                            binder.setValueForProperty(prop, v.toString());
+                          }
                         }
                       });
               if (binder.isBound()) {
@@ -263,59 +298,66 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
               boundFacets.add(facet);
             }
           }
-				String tableName = entity.getName().toCql();
-				// NOTE: should equal `String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);`
           List<String[]> facetCombinations = CacheUtil.flattenFacets(boundFacets);
-				Object value = sessionCache.getIfPresent(pojo);
-				Object mergedValue = null;
+          String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(boundFacets);
+          replaceCachedFacetValues(pojo, tableName, facetCombinations);
+        }
+      }
+
+      List<List<Facet>> deletedFacetSets =
+          uowCache
+              .values()
+              .stream()
+              .filter(Either::isRight)
+              .map(Either::getRight)
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+      for (List<Facet> facets : deletedFacetSets) {
+        String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+        Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+        if (cache != null) {
+          List<String> keys = CacheUtil.flatKeys(tableName, facets);
+          keys.forEach(key -> cache.remove(key));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void replaceCachedFacetValues(
+      Object pojo, String tableName, List<String[]> facetCombinations) {
+    if (cacheManager != null) {
       for (String[] combination : facetCombinations) {
         String cacheKey = tableName + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
-					if (value == null) {
-						sessionCache.put(cacheKey, pojo);
+        Cache<String, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(tableName);
+        if (cache != null) {
+          if (pojo == null || pojo == HelenusSession.deleted) {
+            cache.remove(cacheKey);
           } else {
-						if (mergedValue == null) {
-							mergedValue = pojo;
-						} else {
-							mergedValue = CacheUtil.merge(value, pojo);
-						}
-						sessionCache.put(mergedValue, pojo);
+            cache.put(cacheKey, pojo);
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
 
+  public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
+    return cacheManager;
+  }
+
   public Metadata getMetadata() {
     return metadata;
   }
 
-	public synchronized UnitOfWork begin() {
-		return begin(null);
-	}
-
-	public synchronized UnitOfWork begin(UnitOfWork parent) {
-		try {
-			Class<? extends UnitOfWork> clazz = unitOfWorkClass;
-			Constructor<? extends UnitOfWork> ctor = clazz.getConstructor(HelenusSession.class, UnitOfWork.class);
-			UnitOfWork uow = ctor.newInstance(this, parent);
-			if (parent != null) {
-				parent.addNestedUnitOfWork(uow);
-			}
-			return uow.begin();
-		} catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException
-				| IllegalAccessException e) {
-			throw new HelenusException(
-					String.format("Unable to instantiate {} as a UnitOfWork.", unitOfWorkClass.getSimpleName()), e);
-		}
-	}
-
   public <E> SelectOperation<E> select(E pojo) {
-		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
+    Objects.requireNonNull(
+        pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
     ColumnValueProvider valueProvider = getValueProvider();
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(pojo);
     Class<?> entityClass = entity.getMappingInterface();
 
-		return new SelectOperation<E>(this, entity, (r) -> {
+    return new SelectOperation<E>(
+        this,
+        entity,
+        (r) -> {
           Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, valueProvider, entity);
           return (E) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
         });
@@ -326,7 +368,10 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     ColumnValueProvider valueProvider = getValueProvider();
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(entityClass);
 
-		return new SelectOperation<E>(this, entity, (r) -> {
+    return new SelectOperation<E>(
+        this,
+        entity,
+        (r) -> {
           Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, valueProvider, entity);
           return (E) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
         });
@@ -336,13 +381,22 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     return new SelectOperation<Fun.ArrayTuple>(this);
   }
 
-	public SelectOperation<Row> selectAll(Class<?> entityClass) {
+  public <E> SelectOperation<E> selectAll(Class<E> entityClass) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(entityClass, "entityClass is empty");
-		return new SelectOperation<Row>(this, Helenus.entity(entityClass));
+    HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(entityClass);
+
+    return new SelectOperation<E>(
+        this,
+        entity,
+        (r) -> {
+          Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, valueProvider, entity);
+          return (E) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
+        });
   }
 
   public <E> SelectOperation<Row> selectAll(E pojo) {
-		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
+    Objects.requireNonNull(
+        pojo, "supplied object must be a dsl for a registered entity but cannot be null");
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(pojo);
     return new SelectOperation<Row>(this, entity);
   }
@@ -357,7 +411,8 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
 
     HelenusPropertyNode p1 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter1);
-		return new SelectOperation<Tuple1<V1>>(this, new Mappers.Mapper1<V1>(getValueProvider(), p1), p1);
+    return new SelectOperation<Tuple1<V1>>(
+        this, new Mappers.Mapper1<V1>(getValueProvider(), p1), p1);
   }
 
   public <V1, V2> SelectOperation<Tuple2<V1, V2>> select(Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2) {
@@ -366,12 +421,12 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
 
     HelenusPropertyNode p1 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter1);
     HelenusPropertyNode p2 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter2);
-		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple2<V1, V2>>(this, new Mappers.Mapper2<V1, V2>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2),
-				p1, p2);
+    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple2<V1, V2>>(
+        this, new Mappers.Mapper2<V1, V2>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2), p1, p2);
   }
 
-	public <V1, V2, V3> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>> select(Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2,
-			Getter<V3> getter3) {
+  public <V1, V2, V3> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>> select(
+      Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -379,12 +434,12 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     HelenusPropertyNode p1 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter1);
     HelenusPropertyNode p2 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter2);
     HelenusPropertyNode p3 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter3);
-		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>>(this,
-				new Mappers.Mapper3<V1, V2, V3>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3), p1, p2, p3);
+    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple3<V1, V2, V3>>(
+        this, new Mappers.Mapper3<V1, V2, V3>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3), p1, p2, p3);
   }
 
-	public <V1, V2, V3, V4> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>> select(Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2,
-			Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4) {
+  public <V1, V2, V3, V4> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>> select(
+      Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -394,12 +449,21 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     HelenusPropertyNode p2 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter2);
     HelenusPropertyNode p3 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter3);
     HelenusPropertyNode p4 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter4);
-		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>>(this,
-				new Mappers.Mapper4<V1, V2, V3, V4>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4), p1, p2, p3, p4);
+    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple4<V1, V2, V3, V4>>(
+        this,
+        new Mappers.Mapper4<V1, V2, V3, V4>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+        p4);
   }
 
-	public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>> select(Getter<V1> getter1,
-			Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4, Getter<V5> getter5) {
+  public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>> select(
+      Getter<V1> getter1,
+      Getter<V2> getter2,
+      Getter<V3> getter3,
+      Getter<V4> getter4,
+      Getter<V5> getter5) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -411,12 +475,23 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     HelenusPropertyNode p3 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter3);
     HelenusPropertyNode p4 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter4);
     HelenusPropertyNode p5 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter5);
-		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>>(this,
-				new Mappers.Mapper5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>>(
+        this,
+        new Mappers.Mapper5<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+        p4,
+        p5);
   }
 
-	public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>> select(Getter<V1> getter1,
-			Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4, Getter<V5> getter5, Getter<V6> getter6) {
+  public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>> select(
+      Getter<V1> getter1,
+      Getter<V2> getter2,
+      Getter<V3> getter3,
+      Getter<V4> getter4,
+      Getter<V5> getter5,
+      Getter<V6> getter6) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -430,14 +505,26 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     HelenusPropertyNode p4 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter4);
     HelenusPropertyNode p5 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter5);
     HelenusPropertyNode p6 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter6);
-		return new SelectOperation<Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>>(this,
-				new Mappers.Mapper6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6), p1, p2, p3, p4,
-				p5, p6);
+    return new SelectOperation<Tuple6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>>(
+        this,
+        new Mappers.Mapper6<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+        p4,
+        p5,
+        p6);
   }
 
-	public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7> SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>> select(
-			Getter<V1> getter1, Getter<V2> getter2, Getter<V3> getter3, Getter<V4> getter4, Getter<V5> getter5,
-			Getter<V6> getter6, Getter<V7> getter7) {
+  public <V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>
+      SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>> select(
+          Getter<V1> getter1,
+          Getter<V2> getter2,
+          Getter<V3> getter3,
+          Getter<V4> getter4,
+          Getter<V5> getter5,
+          Getter<V6> getter6,
+          Getter<V7> getter7) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter1, "field 1 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter2, "field 2 is empty");
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter3, "field 3 is empty");
@@ -453,9 +540,17 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     HelenusPropertyNode p5 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter5);
     HelenusPropertyNode p6 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter6);
     HelenusPropertyNode p7 = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter7);
-		return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>>(this,
-				new Mappers.Mapper7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>(getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7), p1, p2,
-				p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
+    return new SelectOperation<Fun.Tuple7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>>(
+        this,
+        new Mappers.Mapper7<V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7>(
+            getValueProvider(), p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+        p4,
+        p5,
+        p6,
+        p7);
   }
 
   public CountOperation count() {
@@ -471,6 +566,14 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     return new UpdateOperation<ResultSet>(this);
   }
 
+  public <E> UpdateOperation<E> update(Object pojo) {
+    if (pojo instanceof MapExportable == false) {
+      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+          "update of objects that don't implement MapExportable is not yet supported");
+    }
+    return new UpdateOperation<E>(this, pojo);
+  }
+
   public <E> UpdateOperation<E> update(Drafted<E> drafted) {
     if (drafted instanceof AbstractEntityDraft == false) {
       throw new HelenusMappingException(
@@ -483,19 +586,24 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(draft.getEntityClass());
 
     // Add all the mutated values contained in the draft.
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().forEach(property -> {
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .forEach(
+            property -> {
               switch (property.getColumnType()) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+                case PARTITION_KEY:
+                case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
                   break;
-				default :
+                default:
                   String propertyName = property.getPropertyName();
                   if (mutatedProperties.contains(propertyName)) {
                     Object value = map.get(propertyName);
-						Getter<Object> getter = new Getter<Object>() {
+                    Getter<Object> getter =
+                        new Getter<Object>() {
                           @Override
                           public Object get() {
-								throw new DslPropertyException(new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
+                            throw new DslPropertyException(
+                                new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
                           }
                         };
                     update.set(getter, value);
@@ -505,16 +613,21 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
 
     // Add the partition and clustering keys if they were in the draft (normally the
     // case).
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().forEach(property -> {
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .forEach(
+            property -> {
               switch (property.getColumnType()) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+                case PARTITION_KEY:
+                case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
                   String propertyName = property.getPropertyName();
                   Object value = map.get(propertyName);
-					Getter<Object> getter = new Getter<Object>() {
+                  Getter<Object> getter =
+                      new Getter<Object>() {
                         @Override
                         public Object get() {
-							throw new DslPropertyException(new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
+                          throw new DslPropertyException(
+                              new HelenusPropertyNode(property, Optional.empty()));
                         }
                       };
                   update.where(getter, eq(value));
@@ -542,7 +655,8 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
   }
 
   public <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(T pojo) {
-		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo,
+    Objects.requireNonNull(
+        pojo,
         "supplied object must be either an instance of the entity class or a dsl for it, but cannot be null");
     HelenusEntity entity = null;
     try {
@@ -550,23 +664,23 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     } catch (HelenusMappingException e) {
     }
     if (entity != null) {
-			return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity.getMappingInterface(), true);
+      return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, entity.getMappingInterface(), true);
     } else {
-			return this.<T>insert(pojo, null);
+      return this.<T>insert(pojo, null, null);
     }
   }
 
   public <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(Drafted draft) {
-		return insert(draft.build(), draft.mutated());
+    return insert(draft.build(), draft.mutated(), draft.read());
   }
 
-	private <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations) {
+  private <T> InsertOperation<T> insert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations, Set<String> read) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "pojo is empty");
 
     Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo);
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(iface);
 
-		return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, true);
+    return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, read, true);
   }
 
   public InsertOperation<ResultSet> upsert() {
@@ -578,11 +692,12 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
   }
 
   public <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(Drafted draft) {
-		return this.<T>upsert((T) draft.build(), draft.mutated());
+    return this.<T>upsert((T) draft.build(), draft.mutated(), draft.read());
   }
 
   public <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(T pojo) {
-		Objects.requireNonNull(pojo,
+    Objects.requireNonNull(
+        pojo,
         "supplied object must be either an instance of the entity class or a dsl for it, but cannot be null");
     HelenusEntity entity = null;
     try {
@@ -590,19 +705,19 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
     } catch (HelenusMappingException e) {
     }
     if (entity != null) {
-			return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity.getMappingInterface(), false);
+      return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, entity.getMappingInterface(), false);
     } else {
-			return this.<T>upsert(pojo, null);
+      return this.<T>upsert(pojo, null, null);
     }
   }
 
-	private <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations) {
+  private <T> InsertOperation<T> upsert(T pojo, Set<String> mutations, Set<String> read) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(pojo, "pojo is empty");
 
     Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo);
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(iface);
 
-		return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, false);
+    return new InsertOperation<T>(this, entity, pojo, mutations, read, false);
   }
 
   public DeleteOperation delete() {
@@ -623,6 +738,9 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
   }
 
   public void close() {
+    if (session == null) {
+      return;
+    }
 
     if (session.isClosed()) {
       return;
@@ -652,13 +770,16 @@ public final class HelenusSession extends AbstractSessionOperations implements C
   private void dropEntity(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
     switch (entity.getType()) {
-			case TABLE :
-				execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity), true);
+      case TABLE:
+        execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity));
         break;
 
-			case UDT :
-				execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity), true);
+      case UDT:
+        execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity));
         break;
+
+      default:
+        throw new HelenusException("Unknown entity type.");
     }
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/HelenusValidator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +17,7 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
-
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
@@ -37,7 +36,8 @@ public enum HelenusValidator implements PropertyValueValidator {
       try {
         valid = typeless.isValid(value, null);
       } catch (ClassCastException e) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("validator was used for wrong type '" + value + "' in " + prop, e);
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "validator was used for wrong type '" + value + "' in " + prop, e);
       }
 
       if (!valid) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/MapperInstantiator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Mappers.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,10 +16,8 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Row;
-
+import java.util.function.Function;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValueProvider;
@@ -26,8 +25,7 @@ import net.helenus.support.Fun;
 
 public final class Mappers {
 
-	private Mappers() {
-	}
+  private Mappers() {}
 
   public static final class Mapper1<A> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple1<A>> {
 
@@ -59,7 +57,8 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
     @Override
     public Fun.Tuple2<A, B> apply(Row row) {
-			return new Fun.Tuple2<A, B>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2));
+      return new Fun.Tuple2<A, B>(
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2));
     }
   }
 
@@ -70,7 +69,10 @@ public final class Mappers {
     private final HelenusProperty p2;
     private final HelenusProperty p3;
 
-		public Mapper3(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
+    public Mapper3(
+        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
         HelenusPropertyNode p3) {
       this.provider = provider;
       this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
@@ -80,7 +82,9 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
     @Override
     public Fun.Tuple3<A, B, C> apply(Row row) {
-			return new Fun.Tuple3<A, B, C>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+      return new Fun.Tuple3<A, B, C>(
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
           provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3));
     }
   }
@@ -93,8 +97,12 @@ public final class Mappers {
     private final HelenusProperty p3;
     private final HelenusProperty p4;
 
-		public Mapper4(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4) {
+    public Mapper4(
+        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p4) {
       this.provider = provider;
       this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
       this.p2 = p2.getProperty();
@@ -104,18 +112,27 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
     @Override
     public Fun.Tuple4<A, B, C, D> apply(Row row) {
-			return new Fun.Tuple4<A, B, C, D>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1), provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3), provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4));
+      return new Fun.Tuple4<A, B, C, D>(
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4));
     }
   }
 
-	public static final class Mapper5<A, B, C, D, E> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>> {
+  public static final class Mapper5<A, B, C, D, E>
+      implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>> {
 
     private final ColumnValueProvider provider;
     private final HelenusProperty p1, p2, p3, p4, p5;
 
-		public Mapper5(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4, HelenusPropertyNode p5) {
+    public Mapper5(
+        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p4,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p5) {
       this.provider = provider;
       this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
       this.p2 = p2.getProperty();
@@ -126,19 +143,29 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
     @Override
     public Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E> apply(Row row) {
-			return new Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2), provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4), provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5));
+      return new Fun.Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>(
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5));
     }
   }
 
-	public static final class Mapper6<A, B, C, D, E, F> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>> {
+  public static final class Mapper6<A, B, C, D, E, F>
+      implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>> {
 
     private final ColumnValueProvider provider;
     private final HelenusProperty p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6;
 
-		public Mapper6(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4, HelenusPropertyNode p5, HelenusPropertyNode p6) {
+    public Mapper6(
+        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p4,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p5,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p6) {
       this.provider = provider;
       this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
       this.p2 = p2.getProperty();
@@ -150,20 +177,30 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
     @Override
     public Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F> apply(Row row) {
-			return new Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2), provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4), provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
+      return new Fun.Tuple6<A, B, C, D, E, F>(
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
           provider.getColumnValue(row, 5, p6));
     }
   }
 
-	public static final class Mapper7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G> implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>> {
+  public static final class Mapper7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>
+      implements Function<Row, Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>> {
 
     private final ColumnValueProvider provider;
     private final HelenusProperty p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7;
 
-		public Mapper7(ColumnValueProvider provider, HelenusPropertyNode p1, HelenusPropertyNode p2,
-				HelenusPropertyNode p3, HelenusPropertyNode p4, HelenusPropertyNode p5, HelenusPropertyNode p6,
+    public Mapper7(
+        ColumnValueProvider provider,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p1,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p2,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p3,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p4,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p5,
+        HelenusPropertyNode p6,
         HelenusPropertyNode p7) {
       this.provider = provider;
       this.p1 = p1.getProperty();
@@ -177,10 +214,14 @@ public final class Mappers {
 
     @Override
     public Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G> apply(Row row) {
-			return new Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>(provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2), provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4), provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
-					provider.getColumnValue(row, 5, p6), provider.getColumnValue(row, 6, p7));
+      return new Fun.Tuple7<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>(
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 0, p1),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 1, p2),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 2, p3),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 3, p4),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 4, p5),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 5, p6),
+          provider.getColumnValue(row, 6, p7));
     }
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Operator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -31,8 +32,6 @@ public enum Operator {
 
   LTE("<=");
 
-	private final String name;
-
   private static final Map<String, Operator> indexByName = new HashMap<String, Operator>();
 
   static {
@@ -41,15 +40,17 @@ public enum Operator {
     }
   }
 
+  private final String name;
+
   private Operator(String name) {
     this.name = name;
   }
 
-	public String getName() {
-		return name;
-	}
-
   public static Operator findByOperator(String name) {
     return indexByName.get(name);
   }
+
+  public String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Ordered.java

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.Objects;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Ordering;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-
+import java.util.Objects;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.ColumnType;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
@@ -34,10 +32,10 @@ public final class Ordered {
     }
 
     switch (direction) {
-			case ASC :
+      case ASC:
         return QueryBuilder.asc(propNode.getColumnName());
 
-			case DESC :
+      case DESC:
         return QueryBuilder.desc(propNode.getColumnName());
     }
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/PostCommitFunction.java

@@ -2,24 +2,73 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+import net.helenus.support.CheckedRunnable;
 
 public class PostCommitFunction<T, R> implements java.util.function.Function<T, R> {
+    public static final PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>  NULL_ABORT = new PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>(null, null, null, false);
+    public static final PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> NULL_COMMIT = new PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>(null, null, null, true);
 
-	private final UnitOfWork uow;
-	private final List<CommitThunk> postCommit;
+  private final List<CheckedRunnable> commitThunks;
+  private final List<CheckedRunnable> abortThunks;
+  private Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk;
+  private boolean committed;
 
-	PostCommitFunction(UnitOfWork uow, List<CommitThunk> postCommit) {
-		this.uow = uow;
-		this.postCommit = postCommit;
+  PostCommitFunction(List<CheckedRunnable> postCommit, List<CheckedRunnable> abortThunks,
+      Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk,
+      boolean committed) {
+    this.commitThunks = postCommit;
+    this.abortThunks = abortThunks;
+    this.exceptionallyThunk = exceptionallyThunk;
+    this.committed = committed;
   }
 
-	public void andThen(CommitThunk after) {
+  private void apply(CheckedRunnable... fns) {
+      try {
+          for (CheckedRunnable fn : fns) {
+              fn.run();
+          }
+      } catch (Throwable t) {
+          if (exceptionallyThunk != null) {
+              exceptionallyThunk.accept(t);
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  public PostCommitFunction<T, R> andThen(CheckedRunnable... after) {
     Objects.requireNonNull(after);
-		if (postCommit == null) {
-			after.apply();
-		} else {
-			postCommit.add(after);
+    if (commitThunks == null) {
+      if (committed) {
+          apply(after);
       }
+    } else {
+        for (CheckedRunnable fn : after) {
+            commitThunks.add(fn);
+        }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public PostCommitFunction<T, R> orElse(CheckedRunnable... after) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(after);
+    if (abortThunks == null) {
+      if (!committed) {
+          apply(after);
+      }
+    } else {
+        for (CheckedRunnable fn : after) {
+            abortThunks.add(fn);
+        }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public PostCommitFunction<T, R> exceptionally(Consumer<? super Throwable> fn) {
+      Objects.requireNonNull(fn);
+      exceptionallyThunk = fn;
+      return this;
   }
 
   @Override

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Postulate.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ package net.helenus.core;
 
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Clause;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValuePreparer;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
@@ -39,34 +39,34 @@ public final class Postulate<V> {
   public Clause getClause(HelenusPropertyNode node, ColumnValuePreparer valuePreparer) {
 
     switch (operator) {
-			case EQ :
-				return QueryBuilder.eq(node.getColumnName(),
-						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+      case EQ:
+        return QueryBuilder.eq(
+            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
-			case IN :
+      case IN:
         Object[] preparedValues = new Object[values.length];
         for (int i = 0; i != values.length; ++i) {
           preparedValues[i] = valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[i], node.getProperty());
         }
         return QueryBuilder.in(node.getColumnName(), preparedValues);
 
-			case LT :
-				return QueryBuilder.lt(node.getColumnName(),
-						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+      case LT:
+        return QueryBuilder.lt(
+            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
-			case LTE :
-				return QueryBuilder.lte(node.getColumnName(),
-						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+      case LTE:
+        return QueryBuilder.lte(
+            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
-			case GT :
-				return QueryBuilder.gt(node.getColumnName(),
-						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+      case GT:
+        return QueryBuilder.gt(
+            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
-			case GTE :
-				return QueryBuilder.gte(node.getColumnName(),
-						valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
+      case GTE:
+        return QueryBuilder.gte(
+            node.getColumnName(), valuePreparer.prepareColumnValue(values[0], node.getProperty()));
 
-			default :
+      default:
         throw new HelenusMappingException("unknown filter operation " + operator);
     }
   }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/PropertyValueValidator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/Query.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,20 +16,17 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BindMarker;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BindMarker;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.OrderingDirection;
 
 /** Sugar methods for the queries */
 public final class Query {
 
-	private Query() {
-	}
+  private Query() {}
 
   public static BindMarker marker() {
     return QueryBuilder.bindMarker();

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SchemaUtil.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,16 +16,14 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.IsNotNullClause;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.*;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.Create.Options;
-
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.ColumnType;
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class SchemaUtil {
 
-	private SchemaUtil() {
-	}
+  private SchemaUtil() {}
 
   public static RegularStatement use(String keyspace, boolean forceQuote) {
     if (forceQuote) {
@@ -59,23 +57,31 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
       ColumnType columnType = prop.getColumnType();
 
       if (columnType == ColumnType.PARTITION_KEY || columnType == ColumnType.CLUSTERING_COLUMN) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("primary key columns are not supported in UserDefinedType for "
-						+ prop.getPropertyName() + " in entity " + entity);
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "primary key columns are not supported in UserDefinedType for "
+                + prop.getPropertyName()
+                + " in entity "
+                + entity);
       }
 
       try {
         prop.getDataType().addColumn(create, prop.getColumnName());
       } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("invalid column name '" + prop.getColumnName() + "' in entity '"
-						+ entity.getName().getName() + "'", e);
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "invalid column name '"
+                + prop.getColumnName()
+                + "' in entity '"
+                + entity.getName().getName()
+                + "'",
+            e);
       }
     }
 
     return create;
   }
 
-	public static List<SchemaStatement> alterUserType(UserType userType, HelenusEntity entity,
-			boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
+  public static List<SchemaStatement> alterUserType(
+      UserType userType, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
 
     if (entity.getType() != HelenusEntityType.UDT) {
       throw new HelenusMappingException("expected UDT entity " + entity);
@@ -84,12 +90,13 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
     List<SchemaStatement> result = new ArrayList<SchemaStatement>();
 
     /**
-		 * TODO: In future replace SchemaBuilder.alterTable by SchemaBuilder.alterType
-		 * when it will exist
+     * TODO: In future replace SchemaBuilder.alterTable by SchemaBuilder.alterType when it will
+     * exist
      */
     Alter alter = SchemaBuilder.alterTable(entity.getName().toCql());
 
-		final Set<String> visitedColumns = dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
+    final Set<String> visitedColumns =
+        dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
 
     for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
 
@@ -106,8 +113,9 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
       }
 
       DataType dataType = userType.getFieldType(columnName);
-			SchemaStatement stmt = prop.getDataType().alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(),
-					optional(columnName, dataType));
+      SchemaStatement stmt =
+          prop.getDataType()
+              .alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(), optional(columnName, dataType));
 
       if (stmt != null) {
         result.add(stmt);
@@ -147,32 +155,44 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
     for (HelenusProperty prop : properties) {
       String columnName = prop.getColumnName().toCql();
       switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
+        case PARTITION_KEY:
           p.add(columnName);
           break;
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
           c.add(columnName);
           break;
-				default :
+        default:
           break;
       }
     }
 
-		return "(" + ((p.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", p) + ")" : p.get(0))
-				+ ((c.size() > 0) ? ", " + ((c.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", c) + ")" : c.get(0)) : "") + ")";
+    if (p.size() == 0 && c.size() == 0)
+      return "{"
+          + properties
+              .stream()
+              .map(HelenusProperty::getPropertyName)
+              .collect(Collectors.joining(", "))
+          + "}";
+
+    return "("
+        + ((p.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", p) + ")" : p.get(0))
+        + ((c.size() > 0)
+            ? ", " + ((c.size() > 1) ? "(" + String.join(", ", c) + ")" : c.get(0))
+            : "")
+        + ")";
   }
 
-	public static SchemaStatement createMaterializedView(String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
+  public static SchemaStatement createMaterializedView(
+      String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
     if (entity.getType() != HelenusEntityType.VIEW) {
       throw new HelenusMappingException("expected view entity " + entity);
     }
 
-		if (entity == null) {
-			throw new HelenusMappingException("no entity or table to select data");
-		}
-
     List<HelenusPropertyNode> props = new ArrayList<HelenusPropertyNode>();
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .stream()
+        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
         .forEach(p -> props.add(p));
 
     Select.Selection selection = QueryBuilder.select();
@@ -189,20 +209,20 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
     for (HelenusPropertyNode prop : props) {
       String columnName = prop.getColumnName();
       switch (prop.getProperty().getColumnType()) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
+        case PARTITION_KEY:
           where = where.and(new IsNotNullClause(columnName));
           break;
 
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
           where = where.and(new IsNotNullClause(columnName));
 
-					ClusteringColumn clusteringColumn = prop.getProperty().getGetterMethod()
-							.getAnnotation(ClusteringColumn.class);
+          ClusteringColumn clusteringColumn =
+              prop.getProperty().getGetterMethod().getAnnotation(ClusteringColumn.class);
           if (clusteringColumn != null && clusteringColumn.ordering() != null) {
             o.add(columnName + " " + clusteringColumn.ordering().cql());
           }
           break;
-				default :
+        default:
           break;
       }
     }
@@ -213,10 +233,12 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
     if (o.size() > 0) {
       clustering = "WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (" + String.join(", ", o) + ")";
     }
-		return new CreateMaterializedView(keyspace, viewName, where, primaryKey, clustering).ifNotExists();
+    return new CreateMaterializedView(keyspace, viewName, where, primaryKey, clustering)
+        .ifNotExists();
   }
 
-	public static SchemaStatement dropMaterializedView(String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
+  public static SchemaStatement dropMaterializedView(
+      String keyspace, String viewName, HelenusEntity entity) {
     return new DropMaterializedView(keyspace, viewName);
   }
 
@@ -249,14 +271,15 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
     if (!clusteringColumns.isEmpty()) {
       Options options = create.withOptions();
-			clusteringColumns
-					.forEach(p -> options.clusteringOrder(p.getColumnName().toCql(), mapDirection(p.getOrdering())));
+      clusteringColumns.forEach(
+          p -> options.clusteringOrder(p.getColumnName().toCql(), mapDirection(p.getOrdering())));
     }
 
     return create;
   }
 
-	public static List<SchemaStatement> alterTable(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
+  public static List<SchemaStatement> alterTable(
+      TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedColumns) {
 
     if (entity.getType() != HelenusEntityType.TABLE) {
       throw new HelenusMappingException("expected table entity " + entity);
@@ -266,7 +289,8 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
     Alter alter = SchemaBuilder.alterTable(entity.getName().toCql());
 
-		final Set<String> visitedColumns = dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
+    final Set<String> visitedColumns =
+        dropUnusedColumns ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
 
     for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
 
@@ -283,8 +307,8 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
       }
 
       ColumnMetadata columnMetadata = tmd.getColumn(columnName);
-			SchemaStatement stmt = prop.getDataType().alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(),
-					optional(columnMetadata));
+      SchemaStatement stmt =
+          prop.getDataType().alterColumn(alter, prop.getColumnName(), optional(columnMetadata));
 
       if (stmt != null) {
         result.add(stmt);
@@ -314,28 +338,42 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
   public static SchemaStatement createIndex(HelenusProperty prop) {
     if (prop.caseSensitiveIndex()) {
-			return SchemaBuilder.createIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql()).ifNotExists()
-					.onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql()).andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
+      return SchemaBuilder.createIndex(indexName(prop))
+          .ifNotExists()
+          .onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql())
+          .andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
     } else {
-			return new CreateSasiIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql()).ifNotExists()
-					.onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql()).andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
+      return new CreateSasiIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql())
+          .ifNotExists()
+          .onTable(prop.getEntity().getName().toCql())
+          .andColumn(prop.getColumnName().toCql());
     }
   }
 
   public static List<SchemaStatement> createIndexes(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
-		return entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent())
-				.map(p -> SchemaUtil.createIndex(p)).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    return entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .stream()
+        .filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent())
+        .map(p -> SchemaUtil.createIndex(p))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
   }
 
-	public static List<SchemaStatement> alterIndexes(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity,
-			boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
+  public static List<SchemaStatement> alterIndexes(
+      TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity, boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
 
     List<SchemaStatement> list = new ArrayList<SchemaStatement>();
 
-		final Set<String> visitedColumns = dropUnusedIndexes ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
+    final Set<String> visitedColumns =
+        dropUnusedIndexes ? new HashSet<String>() : Collections.<String>emptySet();
 
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent()).forEach(p -> {
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .stream()
+        .filter(p -> p.getIndexName().isPresent())
+        .forEach(
+            p -> {
               String columnName = p.getColumnName().getName();
 
               if (dropUnusedIndexes) {
@@ -356,9 +394,11 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
     if (dropUnusedIndexes) {
 
-			tmd.getColumns().stream()
+      tmd.getColumns()
+          .stream()
           .filter(c -> tmd.getIndex(c.getName()) != null && !visitedColumns.contains(c.getName()))
-					.forEach(c -> {
+          .forEach(
+              c -> {
                 list.add(SchemaBuilder.dropIndex(tmd.getIndex(c.getName()).getName()).ifExists());
               });
     }
@@ -367,14 +407,14 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
   }
 
   public static SchemaStatement dropIndex(HelenusProperty prop) {
-		return SchemaBuilder.dropIndex(prop.getIndexName().get().toCql()).ifExists();
+    return SchemaBuilder.dropIndex(indexName(prop)).ifExists();
   }
 
   private static SchemaBuilder.Direction mapDirection(OrderingDirection o) {
     switch (o) {
-			case ASC :
+      case ASC:
         return SchemaBuilder.Direction.ASC;
-			case DESC :
+      case DESC:
         return SchemaBuilder.Direction.DESC;
     }
     throw new HelenusMappingException("unknown ordering " + o);
@@ -384,7 +424,10 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
 
     throw new HelenusMappingException(
         "only primitive types and Set,List,Map collections and UserDefinedTypes are allowed, unknown type for property '"
-						+ prop.getPropertyName() + "' type is '" + prop.getJavaType() + "' in the entity "
+            + prop.getPropertyName()
+            + "' type is '"
+            + prop.getJavaType()
+            + "' in the entity "
             + prop.getEntity());
   }
 
@@ -423,4 +466,9 @@ public final class SchemaUtil {
     }
     return null;
   }
+
+  private static String indexName(HelenusProperty prop) {
+      return prop.getEntity().getName().toCql() + "_" + prop.getIndexName().get().toCql();
+  }
+
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SessionInitializer.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,18 +16,16 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
-
-import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
-
-import brave.Tracer;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DslExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntityType;
@@ -40,26 +39,30 @@ import net.helenus.support.PackageUtil;
 public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   private final Session session;
+  private final List<Either<Object, Class<?>>> initList = new ArrayList<Either<Object, Class<?>>>();
   private CodecRegistry registry;
   private String usingKeyspace;
   private boolean showCql = false;
+  private boolean showValues = true;
   private ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel;
-	private boolean idempotent = true;
+  private boolean idempotent = false;
   private MetricRegistry metricRegistry = new MetricRegistry();
-	private Tracer zipkinTracer;
   private PrintStream printStream = System.out;
   private Executor executor = MoreExecutors.directExecutor();
-	private Class<? extends UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkClass = UnitOfWorkImpl.class;
-
   private SessionRepositoryBuilder sessionRepository;
-
   private boolean dropUnusedColumns = false;
   private boolean dropUnusedIndexes = false;
-
   private KeyspaceMetadata keyspaceMetadata;
-
-	private final List<Either<Object, Class<?>>> initList = new ArrayList<Either<Object, Class<?>>>();
   private AutoDdl autoDdl = AutoDdl.UPDATE;
+  private CacheManager cacheManager = null;
+
+  SessionInitializer(Session session, String keyspace) {
+    this.session = session;
+    this.usingKeyspace = keyspace;
+    if (session != null) {
+      this.sessionRepository = new SessionRepositoryBuilder(session);
+    }
+  }
 
   SessionInitializer(Session session) {
     this.session = Objects.requireNonNull(session, "empty session");
@@ -107,30 +110,44 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
     return this;
   }
 
+  public SessionInitializer showQueryValuesInLog(boolean showValues) {
+    this.showValues = showValues;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public SessionInitializer showQueryValuesInLog() {
+    this.showValues = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public boolean showValues() {
+    return showValues;
+  }
+
   public SessionInitializer metricRegistry(MetricRegistry metricRegistry) {
     this.metricRegistry = metricRegistry;
     return this;
   }
 
-	public SessionInitializer zipkinTracer(Tracer tracer) {
-		this.zipkinTracer = tracer;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	public SessionInitializer setUnitOfWorkClass(Class<? extends UnitOfWork> e) {
-		this.unitOfWorkClass = e;
-		return this;
-	}
-
   public SessionInitializer consistencyLevel(ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel) {
     this.consistencyLevel = consistencyLevel;
     return this;
   }
 
+  public SessionInitializer setCacheManager(CacheManager cacheManager) {
+    this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   public ConsistencyLevel getDefaultConsistencyLevel() {
     return consistencyLevel;
   }
 
+  public SessionInitializer setOperationsIdempotentByDefault() {
+    this.idempotent = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   public SessionInitializer idempotentQueryExecution(boolean idempotent) {
     this.idempotent = idempotent;
     return this;
@@ -183,8 +200,11 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   public SessionInitializer addPackage(String packageName) {
     try {
-			PackageUtil.getClasses(packageName).stream().filter(c -> c.isInterface() && !c.isAnnotation())
-					.forEach(clazz -> {
+      PackageUtil.getClasses(packageName)
+          .stream()
+          .filter(c -> c.isInterface() && !c.isAnnotation())
+          .forEach(
+              clazz -> {
                 initList.add(Either.right(clazz));
               });
     } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
@@ -229,8 +249,10 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
   }
 
   public SessionInitializer use(String keyspace) {
+    if (session != null) {
       session.execute(SchemaUtil.use(keyspace, false));
       this.usingKeyspace = keyspace;
+    }
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -246,16 +268,28 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   public synchronized HelenusSession get() {
     initialize();
-		return new HelenusSession(session, usingKeyspace, registry, showCql, printStream, sessionRepository, executor,
-				autoDdl == AutoDdl.CREATE_DROP, consistencyLevel, idempotent, unitOfWorkClass, metricRegistry,
-				zipkinTracer);
+    return new HelenusSession(
+        session,
+        usingKeyspace,
+        registry,
+        showCql,
+        showValues,
+        printStream,
+        sessionRepository,
+        executor,
+        autoDdl == AutoDdl.CREATE_DROP,
+        consistencyLevel,
+        idempotent,
+        cacheManager,
+        metricRegistry);
   }
 
   private void initialize() {
 
     Objects.requireNonNull(usingKeyspace, "please define keyspace by 'use' operator");
 
-		initList.forEach((either) -> {
+    initList.forEach(
+        (either) -> {
           Class<?> iface = null;
           if (either.isLeft()) {
             iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(either.getLeft());
@@ -264,61 +298,91 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
           }
 
           DslExportable dsl = (DslExportable) Helenus.dsl(iface);
+          if (session != null) {
             dsl.setCassandraMetadataForHelenusSession(session.getCluster().getMetadata());
+          }
+          if (sessionRepository != null) {
             sessionRepository.add(dsl);
+          }
         });
 
+    if (session == null) return;
+
     TableOperations tableOps = new TableOperations(this, dropUnusedColumns, dropUnusedIndexes);
     UserTypeOperations userTypeOps = new UserTypeOperations(this, dropUnusedColumns);
 
     switch (autoDdl) {
-			case CREATE_DROP :
+      case CREATE_DROP:
 
         // Drop view first, otherwise a `DROP TABLE ...` will fail as the type is still
         // referenced
         // by a view.
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.dropView(e));
 
         // Drop tables second, before DROP TYPE otherwise a `DROP TYPE ...` will fail as
         // the type is
         // still referenced by a table.
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.dropTable(e));
 
         eachUserTypeInReverseOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.dropUserType(e));
 
         // FALLTHRU to CREATE case (read: the absence of a `break;` statement here is
         // intentional!)
-			case CREATE :
+      case CREATE:
         eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.createUserType(e));
 
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.createTable(e));
 
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.createView(e));
 
         break;
 
-			case VALIDATE :
+      case VALIDATE:
         eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.validateUserType(getUserType(e), e));
 
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.validateTable(getTableMetadata(e), e));
 
         break;
 
-			case UPDATE :
+      case UPDATE:
         eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> userTypeOps.updateUserType(getUserType(e), e));
 
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.dropView(e));
 
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.TABLE)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.updateTable(getTableMetadata(e), e));
 
-				sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
+        sessionRepository
+            .entities()
+            .stream()
+            .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.VIEW)
             .forEach(e -> tableOps.createView(e));
         break;
     }
@@ -330,27 +394,41 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
     }
   }
 
-	private void eachUserTypeInOrder(UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
+  private void eachUserTypeInOrder(
+      UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
 
     Set<HelenusEntity> processedSet = new HashSet<HelenusEntity>();
     Set<HelenusEntity> stack = new HashSet<HelenusEntity>();
 
-		sessionRepository.entities().stream().filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.UDT).forEach(e -> {
+    sessionRepository
+        .entities()
+        .stream()
+        .filter(e -> e.getType() == HelenusEntityType.UDT)
+        .forEach(
+            e -> {
               stack.clear();
               eachUserTypeInRecursion(e, processedSet, stack, userTypeOps, action);
             });
   }
 
-	private void eachUserTypeInReverseOrder(UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
+  private void eachUserTypeInReverseOrder(
+      UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
     ArrayDeque<HelenusEntity> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
     eachUserTypeInOrder(userTypeOps, e -> deque.addFirst(e));
-		deque.stream().forEach(e -> {
+    deque
+        .stream()
+        .forEach(
+            e -> {
               action.accept(e);
             });
   }
 
-	private void eachUserTypeInRecursion(HelenusEntity e, Set<HelenusEntity> processedSet, Set<HelenusEntity> stack,
-			UserTypeOperations userTypeOps, Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
+  private void eachUserTypeInRecursion(
+      HelenusEntity e,
+      Set<HelenusEntity> processedSet,
+      Set<HelenusEntity> stack,
+      UserTypeOperations userTypeOps,
+      Consumer<? super HelenusEntity> action) {
 
     stack.add(e);
 
@@ -371,7 +449,8 @@ public final class SessionInitializer extends AbstractSessionOperations {
 
   private KeyspaceMetadata getKeyspaceMetadata() {
     if (keyspaceMetadata == null) {
-			keyspaceMetadata = session.getCluster().getMetadata().getKeyspace(usingKeyspace.toLowerCase());
+      keyspaceMetadata =
+          session.getCluster().getMetadata().getKeyspace(usingKeyspace.toLowerCase());
     }
     return keyspaceMetadata;
   }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SessionRepository.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,11 +16,9 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.Collection;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UserType;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-
+import java.util.Collection;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 
 public final class SessionRepository {
@@ -32,7 +31,8 @@ public final class SessionRepository {
 
     userTypeMap = ImmutableMap.<String, UserType>builder().putAll(builder.getUserTypeMap()).build();
 
-		entityMap = ImmutableMap.<Class<?>, HelenusEntity>builder().putAll(builder.getEntityMap()).build();
+    entityMap =
+        ImmutableMap.<Class<?>, HelenusEntity>builder().putAll(builder.getEntityMap()).build();
   }
 
   public UserType findUserType(String name) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/SessionRepositoryBuilder.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,17 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UDTValue;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UserType;
 import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
-
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntityType;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
@@ -35,7 +34,8 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class SessionRepositoryBuilder {
 
-	private static final Optional<HelenusEntityType> OPTIONAL_UDT = Optional.of(HelenusEntityType.UDT);
+  private static final Optional<HelenusEntityType> OPTIONAL_UDT =
+      Optional.of(HelenusEntityType.UDT);
 
   private final Map<Class<?>, HelenusEntity> entityMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, HelenusEntity>();
 
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ public final class SessionRepositoryBuilder {
       entity = helenusEntity;
 
       if (type.isPresent() && entity.getType() != type.get()) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("unexpected entity type " + entity.getType() + " for " + entity);
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "unexpected entity type " + entity.getType() + " for " + entity);
       }
 
       HelenusEntity concurrentEntity = entityMap.putIfAbsent(iface, entity);

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/TableOperations.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,11 +16,9 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.TableMetadata;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.SchemaStatement;
-
+import java.util.List;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
@@ -29,26 +28,30 @@ public final class TableOperations {
   private final boolean dropUnusedColumns;
   private final boolean dropUnusedIndexes;
 
-	public TableOperations(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOps, boolean dropUnusedColumns, boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
+  public TableOperations(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOps, boolean dropUnusedColumns, boolean dropUnusedIndexes) {
     this.sessionOps = sessionOps;
     this.dropUnusedColumns = dropUnusedColumns;
     this.dropUnusedIndexes = dropUnusedIndexes;
   }
 
   public void createTable(HelenusEntity entity) {
-		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createTable(entity), true);
+    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createTable(entity));
     executeBatch(SchemaUtil.createIndexes(entity));
   }
 
   public void dropTable(HelenusEntity entity) {
-		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity), true);
+    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropTable(entity));
   }
 
   public void validateTable(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity) {
 
     if (tmd == null) {
       throw new HelenusException(
-					"table does not exists " + entity.getName() + "for entity " + entity.getMappingInterface());
+          "table does not exists "
+              + entity.getName()
+              + "for entity "
+              + entity.getMappingInterface());
     }
 
     List<SchemaStatement> list = SchemaUtil.alterTable(tmd, entity, dropUnusedColumns);
@@ -57,7 +60,10 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 
     if (!list.isEmpty()) {
       throw new HelenusException(
-					"schema changed for entity " + entity.getMappingInterface() + ", apply this command: " + list);
+          "schema changed for entity "
+              + entity.getMappingInterface()
+              + ", apply this command: "
+              + list);
     }
   }
 
@@ -73,14 +79,15 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 
   public void createView(HelenusEntity entity) {
     sessionOps.execute(
-				SchemaUtil.createMaterializedView(sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity), true);
-		// executeBatch(SchemaUtil.createIndexes(entity)); NOTE: Unfortunately C* 3.10
-		// does not yet support 2i on materialized views.
+        SchemaUtil.createMaterializedView(
+            sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity));
+    // executeBatch(SchemaUtil.createIndexes(entity)); NOTE: Unfortunately C* 3.10 does not yet support 2i on materialized views.
   }
 
   public void dropView(HelenusEntity entity) {
     sessionOps.execute(
-				SchemaUtil.dropMaterializedView(sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity), true);
+        SchemaUtil.dropMaterializedView(
+            sessionOps.usingKeyspace(), entity.getName().toCql(), entity));
   }
 
   public void updateView(TableMetadata tmd, HelenusEntity entity) {
@@ -95,8 +102,6 @@ public final class TableOperations {
 
   private void executeBatch(List<SchemaStatement> list) {
 
-		list.forEach(s -> {
-			sessionOps.execute(s, true);
-		});
+    list.forEach(s -> sessionOps.execute(s));
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/UnitOfWork.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,54 +16,801 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Optional;
+import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.collect.HashBasedTable;
+import com.google.common.collect.Table;
+import com.google.common.collect.TreeTraverser;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import javax.cache.configuration.CacheEntryListenerConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.configuration.Configuration;
+import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoader;
+import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoaderException;
+import javax.cache.integration.CompletionListener;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessor;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorException;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorResult;
 
+import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.MapCache;
+import net.helenus.core.operation.AbstractOperation;
+import net.helenus.core.operation.BatchOperation;
+import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
+import net.helenus.support.CheckedRunnable;
+import net.helenus.support.Either;
+import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-public interface UnitOfWork<X extends Exception> extends AutoCloseable {
+/** Encapsulates the concept of a "transaction" as a unit-of-work. */
+public class UnitOfWork implements AutoCloseable {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnitOfWork.class);
+
+  public final UnitOfWork parent;
+  protected final List<UnitOfWork> nested = new ArrayList<>();
+  protected final Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> cache = HashBasedTable.create();
+  protected final EvictTrackingMapCache<String, Object> statementCache;
+  protected final HelenusSession session;
+  protected String purpose;
+  protected List<String> nestedPurposes = new ArrayList<String>();
+  protected String info;
+  protected int cacheHits = 0;
+  protected int cacheMisses = 0;
+  protected int databaseLookups = 0;
+  protected final Stopwatch elapsedTime;
+  protected Map<String, Double> databaseTime = new HashMap<>();
+  protected double cacheLookupTimeMSecs = 0.0;
+  private List<CheckedRunnable> commitThunks = new ArrayList<>();
+  private List<CheckedRunnable> abortThunks = new ArrayList<>();
+  private Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk;
+  private List<CompletableFuture<?>> asyncOperationFutures = new ArrayList<CompletableFuture<?>>();
+  private boolean aborted = false;
+  private boolean committed = false;
+  private long committedAt = 0L;
+  private BatchOperation batch;
+
+  public UnitOfWork(HelenusSession session) {
+    this(session, null);
+  }
+
+  public UnitOfWork(HelenusSession session, UnitOfWork parent) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(session, "containing session cannot be null");
+
+    this.parent = parent;
+    if (parent != null) {
+      parent.addNestedUnitOfWork(this);
+    }
+    this.session = session;
+    CacheLoader<String, Object> cacheLoader = null;
+    if (parent != null) {
+      cacheLoader =
+          new CacheLoader<String, Object>() {
+
+            Cache<String, Object> cache = parent.getCache();
+
+            @Override
+            public Object load(String key) throws CacheLoaderException {
+              return cache.get(key);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Map<String, Object> loadAll(Iterable<? extends String> keys)
+                throws CacheLoaderException {
+              Map<String, Object> kvp = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+              for (String key : keys) {
+                kvp.put(key, cache.get(key));
+              }
+              return kvp;
+            }
+          };
+    }
+    this.elapsedTime = Stopwatch.createUnstarted();
+    this.statementCache = new EvictTrackingMapCache<String, Object>(null, "UOW(" + hashCode() + ")", cacheLoader, true);
+  }
+
+  public void addDatabaseTime(String name, Stopwatch amount) {
+    Double time = databaseTime.get(name);
+    if (time == null) {
+      databaseTime.put(name, (double) amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
+    } else {
+      databaseTime.put(name, time + amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void addCacheLookupTime(Stopwatch amount) {
+    cacheLookupTimeMSecs += amount.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS);
+  }
+
+  public void addNestedUnitOfWork(UnitOfWork uow) {
+    synchronized (nested) {
+      nested.add(uow);
+    }
+  }
 
   /**
-	 * Marks the beginning of a transactional section of work. Will write a record
-	 * to the shared write-ahead log.
+   * Marks the beginning of a transactional section of work. Will write a
+   * recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount to the shared write-ahead log.
    *
    * @return the handle used to commit or abort the work.
    */
-	UnitOfWork<X> begin();
+  public synchronized UnitOfWork begin() {
+    elapsedTime.start();
+    // log.record(txn::start)
+    return this;
+  }
 
-	void addNestedUnitOfWork(UnitOfWork<X> uow);
+  public String getPurpose() {
+    return purpose;
+  }
+
+  public UnitOfWork setPurpose(String purpose) {
+    this.purpose = purpose;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public void addFuture(CompletableFuture<?> future) {
+    asyncOperationFutures.add(future);
+  }
+
+  public void setInfo(String info) {
+    this.info = info;
+  }
+
+  public void recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(int cache, int ops) {
+    if (cache > 0) {
+      cacheHits += cache;
+    } else {
+      cacheMisses += Math.abs(cache);
+    }
+    if (ops > 0) {
+      databaseLookups += ops;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public String logTimers(String what) {
+    double e = (double) elapsedTime.elapsed(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS) / 1000.0;
+    double d = 0.0;
+    double c = cacheLookupTimeMSecs / 1000.0;
+    double fc = (c / e) * 100.0;
+    String database = "";
+    if (databaseTime.size() > 0) {
+      List<String> dbt = new ArrayList<>(databaseTime.size());
+      for (Map.Entry<String, Double> dt : databaseTime.entrySet()) {
+        double t = dt.getValue() / 1000.0;
+        d += t;
+        dbt.add(String.format("%s took %,.3fms %,2.2f%%", dt.getKey(), t, (t / e) * 100.0));
+      }
+      double fd = (d / e) * 100.0;
+      database =
+          String.format(
+              ", %d quer%s (%,.3fms %,2.2f%% - %s)",
+              databaseLookups, (databaseLookups > 1) ? "ies" : "y", d, fd, String.join(", ", dbt));
+    }
+    String cache = "";
+    if (cacheLookupTimeMSecs > 0) {
+      int cacheLookups = cacheHits + cacheMisses;
+      cache =
+          String.format(
+              " with %d cache lookup%s (%,.3fms %,2.2f%% - %,d hit, %,d miss)",
+              cacheLookups, cacheLookups > 1 ? "s" : "", c, fc, cacheHits, cacheMisses);
+    }
+    String da = "";
+    if (databaseTime.size() > 0 || cacheLookupTimeMSecs > 0) {
+      double dat = d + c;
+      double daf = (dat / e) * 100;
+      da =
+          String.format(
+              " consuming %,.3fms for data access, or %,2.2f%% of total UOW time.", dat, daf);
+    }
+    String x = nestedPurposes.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+    String n =
+        nested
+            .stream()
+            .map(uow -> String.valueOf(uow.hashCode()))
+            .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+    String s =
+        String.format(
+            Locale.US,
+            "UOW(%s%s) %s in %,.3fms%s%s%s%s%s%s",
+            hashCode(),
+            (nested.size() > 0 ? ", [" + n + "]" : ""),
+            what,
+            e,
+            cache,
+            database,
+            da,
+            (purpose == null ? "" : " " + purpose),
+            (nestedPurposes.isEmpty()) ? "" : ", " + x,
+            (info == null) ? "" : " " + info);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  private void applyPostCommitFunctions(String what, List<CheckedRunnable> thunks, Consumer<? super Throwable> exceptionallyThunk) {
+    if (!thunks.isEmpty()) {
+      for (CheckedRunnable f : thunks) {
+          try {
+              f.run();
+          } catch (Throwable t) {
+              if (exceptionallyThunk != null) {
+                  exceptionallyThunk.accept(t);
+              }
+          }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public Optional<Object> cacheLookup(List<Facet> facets) {
+    String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+    Optional<Object> result = Optional.empty();
+    for (Facet facet : facets) {
+      if (!facet.fixed()) {
+        String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
+        Either<Object, List<Facet>> eitherValue = cache.get(tableName, columnName);
+        if (eitherValue != null) {
+          Object value = deleted;
+          if (eitherValue.isLeft()) {
+            value = eitherValue.getLeft();
+          }
+          return Optional.of(value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Be sure to check all enclosing UnitOfWork caches as well, we may be nested.
+    result = checkParentCache(facets);
+    if (result.isPresent()) {
+      Object r = result.get();
+      Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(r);
+      if (Helenus.entity(iface).isDraftable()) {
+        cacheUpdate(r, facets);
+      } else {
+        cacheUpdate(SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone((Serializable) r), facets);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private Optional<Object> checkParentCache(List<Facet> facets) {
+    Optional<Object> result = Optional.empty();
+    if (parent != null) {
+      result = parent.checkParentCache(facets);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public List<Facet> cacheEvict(List<Facet> facets) {
+    Either<Object, List<Facet>> deletedObjectFacets = Either.right(facets);
+    String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+    Optional<Object> optionalValue = cacheLookup(facets);
+
+    for (Facet facet : facets) {
+      if (!facet.fixed()) {
+        String columnKey = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
+        // mark the value identified by the facet to `deleted`
+        cache.put(tableName, columnKey, deletedObjectFacets);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Now, look for other row/col pairs that referenced the same object, mark them
+    // `deleted` if the cache had a value before we added the deleted marker objects.
+    if (optionalValue.isPresent()) {
+      Object value = optionalValue.get();
+      cache
+          .columnKeySet()
+          .forEach(
+              columnKey -> {
+                Either<Object, List<Facet>> eitherCachedValue = cache.get(tableName, columnKey);
+                if (eitherCachedValue.isLeft()) {
+                  Object cachedValue = eitherCachedValue.getLeft();
+                  if (cachedValue == value) {
+                    cache.put(tableName, columnKey, deletedObjectFacets);
+                    String[] parts = columnKey.split("==");
+                    facets.add(new Facet<String>(parts[0], parts[1]));
+                  }
+                }
+              });
+    }
+    return facets;
+  }
+
+  public Cache<String, Object> getCache() {
+    return statementCache;
+  }
+
+  public Object cacheUpdate(Object value, List<Facet> facets) {
+    Object result = null;
+    String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+    for (Facet facet : facets) {
+      if (!facet.fixed()) {
+        if (facet.alone()) {
+          String columnName = facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
+          if (result == null) result = cache.get(tableName, columnName);
+          cache.put(tableName, columnName, Either.left(value));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void batch(AbstractOperation s) {
+    if (batch == null) {
+      batch = new BatchOperation(session);
+    }
+    batch.add(s);
+  }
+
+  private Iterator<UnitOfWork> getChildNodes() {
+    return nested.iterator();
+  }
 
   /**
-	 * Checks to see if the work performed between calling begin and now can be
-	 * committed or not.
+   * Checks to see if the work performed between calling begin and now can be committed or not.
    *
-	 * @return a function from which to chain work that only happens when commit is
-	 *         successful
-	 * @throws X
-	 *             when the work overlaps with other concurrent writers.
+   * @return a function from which to chain work that only happens when commit is successful
+   * @throws HelenusException when the work overlaps with other concurrent writers.
    */
-	PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> commit() throws X;
+  public synchronized PostCommitFunction<Void, Void> commit() throws HelenusException {
+
+    if (isDone()) {
+      return PostCommitFunction.NULL_ABORT;
+    }
+
+    // Only the outer-most UOW batches statements for commit time, execute them.
+    if (batch != null) {
+      committedAt = batch.sync(this); //TODO(gburd): update cache with writeTime...
+    }
+
+    // All nested UnitOfWork should be committed (not aborted) before calls to
+    // commit, check.
+    boolean canCommit = true;
+    TreeTraverser<UnitOfWork> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
+    for (UnitOfWork uow : traverser.postOrderTraversal(this)) {
+      if (this != uow) {
+        canCommit &= (!uow.aborted && uow.committed);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!canCommit) {
+
+      if (parent == null) {
+
+        // Apply all post-commit abort functions, this is the outer-most UnitOfWork.
+        traverser
+            .postOrderTraversal(this)
+            .forEach(
+                uow -> {
+                  applyPostCommitFunctions("aborted", abortThunks, exceptionallyThunk);
+                });
+
+        elapsedTime.stop();
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+          LOG.info(logTimers("aborted"));
+        }
+      }
+
+      return PostCommitFunction.NULL_ABORT;
+    } else {
+      committed = true;
+      aborted = false;
+
+      if (parent == null) {
+
+        // Apply all post-commit commit functions, this is the outer-most UnitOfWork.
+        traverser
+            .postOrderTraversal(this)
+            .forEach(
+                uow -> {
+                  applyPostCommitFunctions("committed", uow.commitThunks, exceptionallyThunk);
+                });
+
+        // Merge our statement cache into the session cache if it exists.
+        CacheManager cacheManager = session.getCacheManager();
+        if (cacheManager != null) {
+          for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry :
+              (Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>>) statementCache.<Map>unwrap(Map.class).entrySet()) {
+            String[] keyParts = entry.getKey().split("\\.");
+            if (keyParts.length == 2) {
+              String cacheName = keyParts[0];
+              String key = keyParts[1];
+              if (!StringUtils.isBlank(cacheName) && !StringUtils.isBlank(key)) {
+                Cache<Object, Object> cache = cacheManager.getCache(cacheName);
+                if (cache != null) {
+                  Object value = entry.getValue();
+                  if (value == deleted) {
+                    cache.remove(key);
+                  } else {
+                    cache.put(key.toString(), value);
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Merge our cache into the session cache.
+        session.mergeCache(cache);
+
+        // Spoil any lingering futures that may be out there.
+        asyncOperationFutures.forEach(
+            f ->
+                f.completeExceptionally(
+                    new HelenusException(
+                        "Futures must be resolved before their unit of work has committed/aborted.")));
+
+        elapsedTime.stop();
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+          LOG.info(logTimers("committed"));
+        }
+
+        return PostCommitFunction.NULL_COMMIT;
+      } else {
+        // Merge cache and statistics into parent if there is one.
+        parent.statementCache.putAll(statementCache.<Map>unwrap(Map.class));
+        parent.statementCache.removeAll(statementCache.getDeletions());
+        parent.mergeCache(cache);
+        parent.addBatched(batch);
+        if (purpose != null) {
+          parent.nestedPurposes.add(purpose);
+        }
+        parent.cacheHits += cacheHits;
+        parent.cacheMisses += cacheMisses;
+        parent.databaseLookups += databaseLookups;
+        parent.cacheLookupTimeMSecs += cacheLookupTimeMSecs;
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Double> dt : databaseTime.entrySet()) {
+          String name = dt.getKey();
+          if (parent.databaseTime.containsKey(name)) {
+            double t = parent.databaseTime.get(name);
+            parent.databaseTime.put(name, t + dt.getValue());
+          } else {
+            parent.databaseTime.put(name, dt.getValue());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // TODO(gburd): hopefully we'll be able to detect conflicts here and so we'd want to...
+    // else {
+    // Constructor<T> ctor = clazz.getConstructor(conflictExceptionClass);
+    // T object = ctor.newInstance(new Object[] { String message });
+    // }
+    return new PostCommitFunction<Void, Void>(commitThunks, abortThunks, exceptionallyThunk, true);
+  }
+
+  private void addBatched(BatchOperation batchArg) {
+    if (batchArg != null) {
+      if (this.batch == null) {
+        this.batch = batchArg;
+      } else {
+        this.batch.addAll(batchArg);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
   /**
-	 * Explicitly abort the work within this unit of work. Any nested aborted unit
-	 * of work will trigger the entire unit of work to commit.
+   * Explicitly abort the work within this unit of work. Any nested aborted unit of work will
+   * trigger the entire unit of work to commit.
    */
-	void abort();
+  public synchronized void abort() {
+    if (!aborted) {
+      aborted = true;
 
-	boolean hasAborted();
+      // Spoil any pending futures created within the context of this unit of work.
+      asyncOperationFutures.forEach(
+          f ->
+              f.completeExceptionally(
+                  new HelenusException(
+                      "Futures must be resolved before their unit of work has committed/aborted.")));
 
-	boolean hasCommitted();
+      TreeTraverser<UnitOfWork> traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node::getChildNodes);
+      traverser
+          .postOrderTraversal(this)
+          .forEach(
+              uow -> {
+                applyPostCommitFunctions("aborted", uow.abortThunks, exceptionallyThunk);
+                uow.abortThunks.clear();
+              });
 
-	Optional<Object> cacheLookup(List<Facet> facets);
+      if (parent == null) {
+        if (elapsedTime.isRunning()) {
+          elapsedTime.stop();
+        }
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+          LOG.info(logTimers("aborted"));
+        }
+      }
 
-	void cacheUpdate(Object pojo, List<Facet> facets);
+      // TODO(gburd): when we integrate the transaction support we'll need to...
+      // log.record(txn::abort)
+      // cache.invalidateSince(txn::start time)
+    }
+  }
 
-	UnitOfWork setPurpose(String purpose);
+  private void mergeCache(Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> from) {
+    Table<String, String, Either<Object, List<Facet>>> to = this.cache;
+    from.rowMap()
+        .forEach(
+            (rowKey, columnMap) -> {
+              columnMap.forEach(
+                  (columnKey, value) -> {
+                    if (to.contains(rowKey, columnKey)) {
+                      to.put(
+                          rowKey,
+                          columnKey,
+                          Either.left(
+                              CacheUtil.merge(
+                                  to.get(rowKey, columnKey).getLeft(),
+                                  from.get(rowKey, columnKey).getLeft())));
+                    } else {
+                      to.put(rowKey, columnKey, from.get(rowKey, columnKey));
+                    }
+                  });
+            });
+  }
 
-	Stopwatch getExecutionTimer();
+  public boolean isDone() {
+    return aborted || committed;
+  }
 
-	Stopwatch getCacheLookupTimer();
+  public String describeConflicts() {
+    return "it's complex...";
+  }
 
+  @Override
+  public void close() throws HelenusException {
+    // Closing a UnitOfWork will abort iff we've not already aborted or committed this unit of work.
+    if (aborted == false && committed == false) {
+      abort();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasAborted() {
+    return aborted;
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasCommitted() {
+    return committed;
+  }
+
+  public long committedAt() {
+    return committedAt;
+  }
+
+ private static class EvictTrackingMapCache<K, V> implements Cache<K, V> {
+      private final Set<K> deletes;
+      private final Cache<K, V> delegate;
+
+      public EvictTrackingMapCache(CacheManager manager, String name, CacheLoader<K, V> cacheLoader,
+              boolean isReadThrough) {
+          deletes = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
+          delegate = new MapCache<>(manager, name, cacheLoader, isReadThrough);
+      }
+
+      /** Non-interface method; should only be called by UnitOfWork when merging to an enclosing UnitOfWork. */
+      public Set<K> getDeletions() {
+          return new HashSet<>(deletes);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public V get(K key) {
+          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+              return null;
+          }
+
+          return delegate.get(key);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Map<K, V> getAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
+          Set<? extends K> clonedKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
+          clonedKeys.removeAll(deletes);
+          return delegate.getAll(clonedKeys);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean containsKey(K key) {
+          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+              return false;
+          }
+
+          return delegate.containsKey(key);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void loadAll(Set<? extends K> keys, boolean replaceExistingValues, CompletionListener listener) {
+          Set<? extends K> clonedKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
+          clonedKeys.removeAll(deletes);
+          delegate.loadAll(clonedKeys, replaceExistingValues, listener);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void put(K key, V value) {
+          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+              deletes.remove(key);
+          }
+
+          delegate.put(key, value);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public V getAndPut(K key, V value) {
+          if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+              deletes.remove(key);
+          }
+
+          return delegate.getAndPut(key, value);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
+          deletes.removeAll(map.keySet());
+          delegate.putAll(map);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public synchronized boolean putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
+          if (!delegate.containsKey(key) && deletes.contains(key)) {
+              deletes.remove(key);
+          }
+
+          return delegate.putIfAbsent(key,  value);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean remove(K key) {
+          boolean removed = delegate.remove(key);
+          deletes.add(key);
+          return removed;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean remove(K key, V value) {
+          boolean removed = delegate.remove(key, value);
+          if (removed) {
+              deletes.add(key);
+          }
+
+          return removed;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public V getAndRemove(K key) {
+          V value = delegate.getAndRemove(key);
+          deletes.add(key);
+          return value;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void removeAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
+          Set<? extends K> cloneKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
+          delegate.removeAll(cloneKeys);
+          deletes.addAll(cloneKeys);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public synchronized void removeAll() {
+          Map<K, V> impl = delegate.unwrap(Map.class);
+          Set<K> keys = impl.keySet();
+          delegate.removeAll();
+          deletes.addAll(keys);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void clear() {
+          delegate.clear();
+          // TODO(gburd): all parents too
+          deletes.clear();
+      }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
+        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return delegate.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean replace(K key, V value) {
+        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return delegate.replace(key, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V getAndReplace(K key, V value) {
+        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return delegate.getAndReplace(key, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <C extends Configuration<K, V>> C getConfiguration(Class<C> clazz) {
+        return delegate.getConfiguration(clazz);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T invoke(K key, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> processor, Object... arguments)
+            throws EntryProcessorException {
+        if (deletes.contains(key)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return delegate.invoke(key,  processor, arguments);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> Map<K, EntryProcessorResult<T>> invokeAll(Set<? extends K> keys, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> processor,
+            Object... arguments) {
+        Set<? extends K> clonedKeys = new HashSet<>(keys);
+        clonedKeys.removeAll(deletes);
+        return delegate.invokeAll(clonedKeys, processor, arguments);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return delegate.getName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
+        return delegate.getCacheManager();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        delegate.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isClosed() {
+        return delegate.isClosed();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
+        return delegate.unwrap(clazz);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerCacheEntryListener(CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {
+        delegate.registerCacheEntryListener(cacheEntryListenerConfiguration);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void deregisterCacheEntryListener(CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {
+        delegate.deregisterCacheEntryListener(cacheEntryListenerConfiguration);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
+        return delegate.iterator();
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/UnitOfWorkImpl.java

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
- *
- *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- *   limitations under the License.
- */
-package net.helenus.core;
-
-import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
-
-class UnitOfWorkImpl extends AbstractUnitOfWork<HelenusException> {
-
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public UnitOfWorkImpl(HelenusSession session, UnitOfWork parent) {
-		super(session, (AbstractUnitOfWork<HelenusException>) parent);
-	}
-}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/UserTypeOperations.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,11 +16,9 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.UserType;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.schemabuilder.SchemaStatement;
-
+import java.util.List;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
@@ -35,12 +34,12 @@ public final class UserTypeOperations {
 
   public void createUserType(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
-		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createUserType(entity), true);
+    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.createUserType(entity));
   }
 
   public void dropUserType(HelenusEntity entity) {
 
-		sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity), true);
+    sessionOps.execute(SchemaUtil.dropUserType(entity));
   }
 
   public void validateUserType(UserType userType, HelenusEntity entity) {
@@ -54,7 +53,10 @@ public final class UserTypeOperations {
 
     if (!list.isEmpty()) {
       throw new HelenusException(
-					"schema changed for entity " + entity.getMappingInterface() + ", apply this command: " + list);
+          "schema changed for entity "
+              + entity.getMappingInterface()
+              + ", apply this command: "
+              + list);
     }
   }
 
@@ -70,8 +72,6 @@ public final class UserTypeOperations {
 
   private void executeBatch(List<SchemaStatement> list) {
 
-		list.forEach(s -> {
-			sessionOps.execute(s, true);
-		});
+    list.forEach(s -> sessionOps.execute(s));
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/annotation/Cacheable.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,5 +23,4 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
-public @interface Cacheable {
-}
+public @interface Cacheable {}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/annotation/Retry.java

@@ -1,17 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 package net.helenus.core.annotation;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
-
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import net.helenus.core.ConflictingUnitOfWorkException;
 
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 public @interface Retry {
 
-	Class<? extends Exception>[] on() default ConflictingUnitOfWorkException.class;
+  Class<? extends Exception>[] on() default {
+    ConflictingUnitOfWorkException.class, TimeoutException.class
+  };
 
   int times() default 3;
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/aspect/RetryAspect.java

@@ -1,8 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 package net.helenus.core.aspect;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-
+import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
@@ -13,8 +30,6 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
-import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
-
 @Aspect
 public class RetryAspect {
 
@@ -39,8 +54,8 @@ public class RetryAspect {
     return tryProceeding(pjp, times, retryOn);
   }
 
-	private Object tryProceeding(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn)
-			throws Throwable {
+  private Object tryProceeding(
+      ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn) throws Throwable {
     try {
       return proceed(pjp);
     } catch (Throwable throwable) {
@@ -73,7 +88,7 @@ public class RetryAspect {
       return retryAnnotation;
     }
 
-		Class[] argClasses = new Class[pjp.getArgs().length];
+    Class<?>[] argClasses = new Class[pjp.getArgs().length];
     for (int i = 0; i < pjp.getArgs().length; i++) {
       argClasses[i] = pjp.getArgs()[i].getClass();
     }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/aspect/RetryConcurrentUnitOfWorkAspect.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package net.helenus.core.aspect;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-
+import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
-import net.helenus.core.annotation.Retry;
-
 @Aspect
 public class RetryConcurrentUnitOfWorkAspect {
 
@@ -39,8 +37,8 @@ public class RetryConcurrentUnitOfWorkAspect {
     return tryProceeding(pjp, times, retryOn);
   }
 
-	private Object tryProceeding(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn)
-			throws Throwable {
+  private Object tryProceeding(
+      ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int times, Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryOn) throws Throwable {
     try {
       return proceed(pjp);
     } catch (Throwable throwable) {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/BoundFacet.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,24 +16,45 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.cache;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
 public class BoundFacet extends Facet<String> {
   private final Map<HelenusProperty, Object> properties;
 
-	BoundFacet(String name, Map<HelenusProperty, Object> properties) {
-		super(name,
+  public BoundFacet(HelenusProperty property, Object value) {
+    super(property.getPropertyName(), value == null ? null : value.toString());
+    this.properties = new HashMap<HelenusProperty, Object>(1);
+    this.properties.put(property, value);
+  }
+
+  public Set<HelenusProperty> getProperties() {
+    return properties.keySet();
+  }
+
+  public BoundFacet(String name, Map<HelenusProperty, Object> properties) {
+    super(
+        name,
         (properties.keySet().size() > 1)
-						? "[" + String.join(", ",
-								properties.keySet().stream().map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
+            ? "["
+                + String.join(
+                    ", ",
+                    properties
+                        .keySet()
+                        .stream()
+                        .map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
                         .collect(Collectors.toSet()))
                 + "]"
-						: String.join("", properties.keySet().stream().map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
+            : String.join(
+                "",
+                properties
+                    .keySet()
+                    .stream()
+                    .map(key -> properties.get(key).toString())
                     .collect(Collectors.toSet())));
     this.properties = properties;
   }
-
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/CacheUtil.java

@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
 package net.helenus.core.cache;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.Entity;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
+import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
+import net.helenus.mapping.value.BeanColumnValueProvider;
 
 public class CacheUtil {
 
   public static List<String[]> combinations(List<String> items) {
     int n = items.size();
-		if (n > 20 || n < 0)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException(n + " is out of range");
+    if (n > 20) throw new IllegalArgumentException(n + " is out of range");
     long e = Math.round(Math.pow(2, n));
     List<String[]> out = new ArrayList<String[]>((int) e - 1);
     for (int k = 1; k <= items.size(); k++) {
@@ -18,7 +26,8 @@ public class CacheUtil {
     return out;
   }
 
-	private static void kCombinations(List<String> items, int n, int k, String[] arr, List<String[]> out) {
+  private static void kCombinations(
+      List<String> items, int n, int k, String[] arr, List<String[]> out) {
     if (k == 0) {
       out.add(arr.clone());
     } else {
@@ -29,21 +38,184 @@ public class CacheUtil {
     }
   }
 
+  public static List<String> flatKeys(String table, List<Facet> facets) {
+    return flattenFacets(facets)
+        .stream()
+        .map(
+            combination -> {
+              return table + "." + Arrays.toString(combination);
+            })
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+  }
+
   public static List<String[]> flattenFacets(List<Facet> facets) {
-		List<String[]> combinations = CacheUtil.combinations(
-				facets.stream().filter(facet -> !facet.fixed()).filter(facet -> facet.value() != null).map(facet -> {
+    List<String[]> combinations =
+        CacheUtil.combinations(
+            facets
+                .stream()
+                .filter(facet -> !facet.fixed())
+                .filter(facet -> facet.value() != null)
+                .map(
+                    facet -> {
                       return facet.name() + "==" + facet.value();
-				}).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+                    })
+                .collect(Collectors.toList()));
+    // TODO(gburd): rework so as to not generate the combinations at all rather than filter
+    facets =
+        facets
+            .stream()
+            .filter(f -> !f.fixed())
+            .filter(f -> !f.alone() || !f.combined())
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    for (Facet facet : facets) {
+      combinations =
+          combinations
+              .stream()
+              .filter(
+                  combo -> {
+                    // When used alone, this facet is not distinct so don't use it as a key.
+                    if (combo.length == 1) {
+                      if (!facet.alone() && combo[0].startsWith(facet.name() + "==")) {
+                        return false;
+                      }
+                    } else {
+                      if (!facet.combined()) {
+                        for (String c : combo) {
+                          // Don't use this facet in combination with others to create keys.
+                          if (c.startsWith(facet.name() + "==")) {
+                            return false;
+                          }
+                        }
+                      }
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                  })
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
     return combinations;
   }
 
-	public static Object merge(Object to, Object from) {
-		return to; // TODO(gburd): yeah...
+  /** Merge changed values in the map behind `from` into `to`. */
+  public static Object merge(Object t, Object f) {
+    HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.resolve(MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(t));
+
+    if (t == f) return t;
+    if (f == null) return t;
+    if (t == null) return f;
+
+    if (t instanceof MapExportable
+        && t instanceof Entity
+        && f instanceof MapExportable
+        && f instanceof Entity) {
+      Entity to = (Entity) t;
+      Entity from = (Entity) f;
+      Map<String, Object> toValueMap = ((MapExportable) to).toMap();
+      Map<String, Object> fromValueMap = ((MapExportable) from).toMap();
+      for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
+        switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
+          case PARTITION_KEY:
+          case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
+            continue;
+          default:
+            Object toVal = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(to, -1, prop, false);
+            Object fromVal = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(from, -1, prop, false);
+            String ttlKey = ttlKey(prop);
+            String writeTimeKey = writeTimeKey(prop);
+            int[] toTtlI = (int[]) toValueMap.get(ttlKey);
+            int toTtl = (toTtlI != null) ? toTtlI[0] : 0;
+            Long toWriteTime = (Long) toValueMap.get(writeTimeKey);
+            int[] fromTtlI = (int[]) fromValueMap.get(ttlKey);
+            int fromTtl = (fromTtlI != null) ? fromTtlI[0] : 0;
+            Long fromWriteTime = (Long) fromValueMap.get(writeTimeKey);
+
+            if (toVal != null) {
+              if (fromVal != null) {
+                if (toVal == fromVal) {
+                  // Case: object identity
+                  // Goal: ensure write time and ttl are also in sync
+                  if (fromWriteTime != null
+                      && fromWriteTime != 0L
+                      && (toWriteTime == null || fromWriteTime > toWriteTime)) {
+                    ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
+                  }
+                  if (fromTtl > 0 && fromTtl > toTtl) {
+                    ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
+                  }
+                } else if (fromWriteTime != null && fromWriteTime != 0L) {
+                  // Case: to exists and from exists
+                  // Goal: copy over from -> to iff from.writeTime > to.writeTime
+                  if (toWriteTime != null && toWriteTime != 0L) {
+                    if (fromWriteTime > toWriteTime) {
+                      ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
+                      ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
+                      if (fromTtl > 0) {
+                        ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
+                      }
+                    }
+                  } else {
+                    ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
+                    ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
+                    if (fromTtl > 0) {
+                      ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
+                    }
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  if (toWriteTime == null || toWriteTime == 0L) {
+                    // Caution, entering grey area...
+                    if (!toVal.equals(fromVal)) {
+                      // dangerous waters here, values diverge without information that enables resolution,
+                      // policy (for now) is to move value from -> to anyway.
+                      ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
+                      if (fromTtl > 0) {
+                        ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            } else {
+              // Case: from exists, but to doesn't (it's null)
+              // Goal: copy over from -> to, include ttl and writeTime if present
+              if (fromVal != null) {
+                ((MapExportable) to).put(prop.getPropertyName(), fromVal);
+                if (fromWriteTime != null && fromWriteTime != 0L) {
+                  ((MapExportable) to).put(writeTimeKey, fromWriteTime);
+                }
+                if (fromTtl > 0) {
+                  ((MapExportable) to).put(ttlKey, fromTtl);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        }
+      }
+      return to;
+    }
+    return t;
   }
 
   public static String schemaName(List<Facet> facets) {
-		return facets.stream().filter(Facet::fixed).map(facet -> facet.value().toString())
+    return facets
+        .stream()
+        .filter(Facet::fixed)
+        .map(facet -> facet.value().toString())
         .collect(Collectors.joining("."));
   }
 
+  public static String writeTimeKey(HelenusProperty prop) {
+    return writeTimeKey(prop.getColumnName().toCql(false));
+  }
+
+  public static String ttlKey(HelenusProperty prop) {
+    return ttlKey(prop.getColumnName().toCql(false));
+  }
+
+  public static String writeTimeKey(String columnName) {
+    String key = "_" + columnName + "_writeTime";
+    return key.toLowerCase();
+  }
+
+  public static String ttlKey(String columnName) {
+    String key = "_" + columnName + "_ttl";
+    return key.toLowerCase();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/Facet.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,13 +17,13 @@
 
 package net.helenus.core.cache;
 
-/**
- * An Entity is identifiable via one or more Facets
- */
+/** An Entity is identifiable via one or more Facets */
 public class Facet<T> {
   private final String name;
   private T value;
   private boolean fixed = false;
+  private boolean alone = true;
+  private boolean combined = true;
 
   public Facet(String name) {
     this.name = name;
@@ -50,4 +51,19 @@ public class Facet<T> {
     return fixed;
   }
 
+  public void setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenAlone(boolean alone) {
+    this.alone = alone;
+  }
+
+  public void setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenCombined(boolean combined) {
+    this.combined = combined;
+  }
+
+  public boolean alone() {
+    return alone;
+  }
+
+  public boolean combined() {
+    return combined;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/MapCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+package net.helenus.core.cache;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import javax.cache.Cache;
+import javax.cache.CacheManager;
+import javax.cache.configuration.CacheEntryListenerConfiguration;
+import javax.cache.configuration.Configuration;
+import javax.cache.event.CacheEntryRemovedListener;
+import javax.cache.integration.CacheLoader;
+import javax.cache.integration.CompletionListener;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessor;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorException;
+import javax.cache.processor.EntryProcessorResult;
+import javax.cache.processor.MutableEntry;
+
+public class MapCache<K, V> implements Cache<K, V> {
+  private final CacheManager manager;
+  private final String name;
+  private Map<K, V> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private Set<CacheEntryRemovedListener<K, V>> cacheEntryRemovedListeners = new HashSet<>();
+  private CacheLoader<K, V> cacheLoader = null;
+  private boolean isReadThrough = false;
+
+  private static class MapConfiguration<K, V> implements Configuration<K, V> {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6093947542772516209L;
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<K> getKeyType() {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<V> getValueType() {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isStoreByValue() {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public MapCache(
+      CacheManager manager, String name, CacheLoader<K, V> cacheLoader, boolean isReadThrough) {
+    this.manager = manager;
+    this.name = name;
+    this.cacheLoader = cacheLoader;
+    this.isReadThrough = isReadThrough;
+  }
+
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public V get(K key) {
+    V value = null;
+    synchronized (map) {
+      value = map.get(key);
+      if (value == null && isReadThrough && cacheLoader != null) {
+        V loadedValue = cacheLoader.load(key);
+        if (loadedValue != null) {
+          map.put(key, loadedValue);
+          value = loadedValue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public Map<K, V> getAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
+    Map<K, V> result = null;
+    synchronized (map) {
+      result = new HashMap<K, V>(keys.size());
+      Iterator<? extends K> it = keys.iterator();
+      while (it.hasNext()) {
+        K key = it.next();
+        V value = map.get(key);
+        if (value != null) {
+          result.put(key, value);
+          it.remove();
+        }
+      }
+      if (keys.size() != 0 && isReadThrough && cacheLoader != null) {
+        Map<K, V> loadedValues = cacheLoader.loadAll(keys);
+        for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : loadedValues.entrySet()) {
+          V v = entry.getValue();
+          if (v != null) {
+            K k = entry.getKey();
+            map.put(k, v);
+            result.put(k, v);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean containsKey(K key) {
+    return map.containsKey(key);
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void loadAll(
+      Set<? extends K> keys, boolean replaceExistingValues, CompletionListener completionListener) {
+    if (cacheLoader != null) {
+      try {
+        synchronized (map) {
+          Map<K, V> loadedValues = cacheLoader.loadAll(keys);
+          for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : loadedValues.entrySet()) {
+            V value = entry.getValue();
+            K key = entry.getKey();
+            if (value != null) {
+              boolean existsCurrently = map.containsKey(key);
+              if (!existsCurrently || replaceExistingValues) {
+                map.put(key, value);
+                keys.remove(key);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        if (completionListener != null) {
+          completionListener.onException(e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (completionListener != null) {
+      if (keys.isEmpty()) {
+        completionListener.onCompletion();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void put(K key, V value) {
+    map.put(key, value);
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public V getAndPut(K key, V value) {
+    V result = null;
+    synchronized (map) {
+      result = map.get(key);
+      if (result == null && isReadThrough && cacheLoader != null) {
+        V loadedValue = cacheLoader.load(key);
+        if (loadedValue != null) {
+          result = loadedValue;
+        }
+      }
+      map.put(key, value);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+        this.map.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      if (!map.containsKey(key)) {
+        map.put(key, value);
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(K key) {
+    boolean removed = false;
+    synchronized (map) {
+      removed = map.remove(key) != null;
+      notifyRemovedListeners(key);
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(K key, V oldValue) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      V value = map.get(key);
+      if (value != null && oldValue.equals(value)) {
+        map.remove(key);
+        notifyRemovedListeners(key);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public V getAndRemove(K key) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      V oldValue = null;
+      oldValue = map.get(key);
+      map.remove(key);
+      notifyRemovedListeners(key);
+      return oldValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      V value = map.get(key);
+      if (value != null && oldValue.equals(value)) {
+        map.put(key, newValue);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean replace(K key, V value) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      if (map.containsKey(key)) {
+        map.put(key, value);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public V getAndReplace(K key, V value) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      V oldValue = map.get(key);
+      if (value != null && value.equals(oldValue)) {
+        map.put(key, value);
+        return oldValue;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void removeAll(Set<? extends K> keys) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      Iterator<? extends K> it = keys.iterator();
+      while (it.hasNext()) {
+        K key = it.next();
+        if (map.containsKey(key)) {
+          map.remove(key);
+        } else {
+          it.remove();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    notifyRemovedListeners(keys);
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void removeAll() {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      Set<K> keys = map.keySet();
+      map.clear();
+      notifyRemovedListeners(keys);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    map.clear();
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public <C extends Configuration<K, V>> C getConfiguration(Class<C> clazz) {
+    if (!MapConfiguration.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public <T> T invoke(K key, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> entryProcessor, Object... arguments)
+      throws EntryProcessorException {
+    // TODO
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public <T> Map<K, EntryProcessorResult<T>> invokeAll(
+      Set<? extends K> keys, EntryProcessor<K, V, T> entryProcessor, Object... arguments) {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      for (K key : keys) {
+        V value = map.get(key);
+        if (value != null) {
+          entryProcessor.process(
+              new MutableEntry<K, V>() {
+                @Override
+                public boolean exists() {
+                  return map.containsKey(key);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void remove() {
+                  synchronized (map) {
+                    V value = map.get(key);
+                    if (value != null) {
+                      map.remove(key);
+                      notifyRemovedListeners(key);
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public K getKey() {
+                  return key;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public V getValue() {
+                  return map.get(value);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
+                  return null;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void setValue(V value) {
+                  map.put(key, value);
+                }
+              },
+              arguments);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
+    return manager;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void close() {}
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isClosed() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
+    if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+        return (T) map;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void registerCacheEntryListener(
+      CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {
+    //cacheEntryRemovedListeners.add(cacheEntryListenerConfiguration.getCacheEntryListenerFactory().create());
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void deregisterCacheEntryListener(
+      CacheEntryListenerConfiguration<K, V> cacheEntryListenerConfiguration) {}
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public Iterator<Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
+    synchronized (map) {
+      return new Iterator<Entry<K, V>>() {
+
+        Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> entries = map.entrySet().iterator();
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+          return entries.hasNext();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Entry<K, V> next() {
+          Map.Entry<K, V> entry = entries.next();
+          return new Entry<K, V>() {
+            K key = entry.getKey();
+            V value = entry.getValue();
+
+            @Override
+            public K getKey() {
+              return key;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public V getValue() {
+              return value;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> clazz) {
+              return null;
+            }
+          };
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void remove() {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void notifyRemovedListeners(K key) {
+    //      if (cacheEntryRemovedListeners != null) {
+    //          cacheEntryRemovedListeners.forEach(listener -> listener.onRemoved())
+    //      }
+  }
+
+  private void notifyRemovedListeners(Set<? extends K> keys) {}
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/cache/UnboundFacet.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,23 +20,36 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-
 import net.helenus.core.SchemaUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
 public class UnboundFacet extends Facet<String> {
 
   private final List<HelenusProperty> properties;
+  private final boolean alone;
+  private final boolean combined;
 
-	public UnboundFacet(List<HelenusProperty> properties) {
+  public UnboundFacet(List<HelenusProperty> properties, boolean alone, boolean combined) {
     super(SchemaUtil.createPrimaryKeyPhrase(properties));
     this.properties = properties;
+    this.alone = alone;
+    this.combined = combined;
   }
 
-	public UnboundFacet(HelenusProperty property) {
+  public UnboundFacet(List<HelenusProperty> properties) {
+    this(properties, true, true);
+  }
+
+  public UnboundFacet(HelenusProperty property, boolean alone, boolean combined) {
     super(property.getPropertyName());
     properties = new ArrayList<HelenusProperty>();
     properties.add(property);
+    this.alone = alone;
+    this.combined = combined;
+  }
+
+  public UnboundFacet(HelenusProperty property) {
+    this(property, true, true);
   }
 
   public List<HelenusProperty> getProperties() {
@@ -43,18 +57,22 @@ public class UnboundFacet extends Facet<String> {
   }
 
   public Binder binder() {
-		return new Binder(name(), properties);
+    return new Binder(name(), properties, alone, combined);
   }
 
   public static class Binder {
 
     private final String name;
+    private final boolean alone;
+    private final boolean combined;
     private final List<HelenusProperty> properties = new ArrayList<HelenusProperty>();
     private Map<HelenusProperty, Object> boundProperties = new HashMap<HelenusProperty, Object>();
 
-		Binder(String name, List<HelenusProperty> properties) {
+    Binder(String name, List<HelenusProperty> properties, boolean alone, boolean combined) {
       this.name = name;
       this.properties.addAll(properties);
+      this.alone = alone;
+      this.combined = combined;
     }
 
     public Binder setValueForProperty(HelenusProperty prop, Object value) {
@@ -68,7 +86,10 @@ public class UnboundFacet extends Facet<String> {
     }
 
     public BoundFacet bind() {
-			return new BoundFacet(name, boundProperties);
+      BoundFacet facet = new BoundFacet(name, boundProperties);
+      facet.setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenAlone(alone);
+      facet.setUniquelyIdentifyingWhenCombined(combined);
+      return facet;
     }
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractFilterOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,14 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.List;
-
+import java.util.*;
 import net.helenus.core.*;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
 public abstract class AbstractFilterOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, O>>
-		extends
-			AbstractOperation<E, O> {
+    extends AbstractOperation<E, O> {
 
   protected List<Filter<?>> filters = null;
   protected List<Filter<?>> ifFilters = null;
@@ -107,4 +109,60 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterOperati
     }
     ifFilters.add(filter);
   }
+
+  @Override
+  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+    if (filters == null) {
+      return super.isIdempotentOperation();
+    }
+
+    return filters
+            .stream()
+            .anyMatch(
+                filter -> {
+                  HelenusPropertyNode node = filter.getNode();
+                  if (node != null) {
+                    HelenusProperty prop = node.getProperty();
+                    if (prop != null) {
+                      return prop.isIdempotent();
+                    }
+                  }
+                  return false;
+                })
+        || super.isIdempotentOperation();
+  }
+
+  protected List<Facet> bindFacetValues(List<Facet> facets) {
+    if (facets == null) {
+      return new ArrayList<Facet>();
+    }
+    List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
+    Map<HelenusProperty, Filter> filterMap = new HashMap<>(filters.size());
+    filters.forEach(f -> filterMap.put(f.getNode().getProperty(), f));
+
+    for (Facet facet : facets) {
+      if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
+        UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
+        UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
+        if (filters != null) {
+          for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
+
+            Filter filter = filterMap.get(prop);
+            if (filter != null) {
+              Object[] postulates = filter.postulateValues();
+              for (Object p : postulates) {
+                binder.setValueForProperty(prop, p.toString());
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (binder.isBound()) {
+          boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
+        }
+      } else {
+        boundFacets.add(facet);
+      }
+    }
+    return boundFacets;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractFilterOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,13 +20,12 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-
 import net.helenus.core.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
-public abstract class AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, O>>
-		extends
-			AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O> {
+public abstract class AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<
+        E, O extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, O>>
+    extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O> {
 
   protected Map<HelenusProperty, Filter<?>> filters = null;
   protected List<Filter<?>> ifFilters = null;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractFilterStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,13 +20,12 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-
 import net.helenus.core.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 
-public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O>>
-		extends
-			AbstractStreamOperation<E, O> {
+public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<
+        E, O extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O>>
+    extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, O> {
 
   protected Map<HelenusProperty, Filter<?>> filters = null;
   protected List<Filter<?>> ifFilters = null;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterS
 
   public <V> O where(Getter<V> getter, Operator operator, V val) {
 
-		addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
+    if (val != null) addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
 
     return (O) this;
   }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterS
 
   public <V> O and(Getter<V> getter, Operator operator, V val) {
 
-		addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
+    if (val != null) addFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
 
     return (O) this;
   }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractFilterS
 
   public <V> O onlyIf(Getter<V> getter, Operator operator, V val) {
 
-		addIfFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
+    if (val != null) addIfFilter(Filter.create(getter, operator, val));
 
     return (O) this;
   }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,15 +16,16 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 
-public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>> extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
+public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>>
+    extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
 
   public AbstractOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     super(sessionOperations);
@@ -31,33 +33,29 @@ public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>> ex
 
   public abstract E transform(ResultSet resultSet);
 
-	public boolean cacheable() {
-		return false;
-	}
-
   public PreparedOperation<E> prepare() {
     return new PreparedOperation<E>(prepareStatement(), this);
   }
 
-	public E sync() {// throws TimeoutException {
+  public E sync() throws TimeoutException {
     final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
     try {
-			ResultSet resultSet = this.execute(sessionOps, null, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-					showValues, false);
+      ResultSet resultSet =
+          this.execute(
+              sessionOps, null, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
       return transform(resultSet);
     } finally {
       context.stop();
     }
   }
 
-	public E sync(UnitOfWork uow) {// throws TimeoutException {
-		if (uow == null)
-			return sync();
+  public E sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) return sync();
 
     final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
     try {
-			ResultSet resultSet = execute(sessionOps, uow, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-					showValues, true);
+      ResultSet resultSet =
+          execute(sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, true);
       E result = transform(resultSet);
       return result;
     } finally {
@@ -66,24 +64,28 @@ public abstract class AbstractOperation<E, O extends AbstractOperation<E, O>> ex
   }
 
   public CompletableFuture<E> async() {
-		return CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(() -> {
-			// try {
+    return CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(
+        () -> {
+          try {
             return sync();
-			// } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
-			// throw new CompletionException(ex);
-			// }
+          } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+            throw new CompletionException(ex);
+          }
         });
   }
 
   public CompletableFuture<E> async(UnitOfWork uow) {
-		if (uow == null)
-			return async();
-		return CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(() -> {
-			// try {
+    if (uow == null) return async();
+    CompletableFuture<E> f =
+        CompletableFuture.<E>supplyAsync(
+            () -> {
+              try {
                 return sync();
-			// } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
-			// throw new CompletionException(ex);
-			// }
+              } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+                throw new CompletionException(ex);
+              }
             });
+    uow.addFuture(f);
+    return f;
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,9 +16,7 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
 
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.PreparedStatement;
@@ -26,15 +25,23 @@ import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
+import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
+import net.helenus.support.Fun;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 
 public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O>>
-		extends
-			AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
+    extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
 
   public AbstractOptionalOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     super(sessionOperations);
@@ -48,7 +55,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
 
   public ListenableFuture<PreparedOptionalOperation<E>> prepareAsync() {
     final O _this = (O) this;
-		return Futures.transform(prepareStatementAsync(),
+    return Futures.transform(
+        prepareStatementAsync(),
         new Function<PreparedStatement, PreparedOptionalOperation<E>>() {
           @Override
           public PreparedOptionalOperation<E> apply(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) {
@@ -57,36 +65,58 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
         });
   }
 
-	public Optional<E> sync() {// throws TimeoutException {
+  public Optional<E> sync() throws TimeoutException {
     final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
     try {
       Optional<E> result = Optional.empty();
       E cacheResult = null;
-			boolean updateCache = isSessionCacheable();
+      boolean updateCache = isSessionCacheable() && !ignoreCache();
 
-			if (enableCache && isSessionCacheable()) {
+      if (updateCache) {
         List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
+        if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
+          if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
             String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
             cacheResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
             if (cacheResult != null) {
               result = Optional.of(cacheResult);
               updateCache = false;
+              sessionCacheHits.mark();
+              cacheHits.mark();
+            } else {
+              sessionCacheMiss.mark();
+              cacheMiss.mark();
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
         }
       }
 
       if (!result.isPresent()) {
         // Formulate the query and execute it against the Cassandra cluster.
-				ResultSet resultSet = this.execute(sessionOps, null, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout,
-						queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
+        ResultSet resultSet =
+            this.execute(
+                sessionOps,
+                null,
+                queryExecutionTimeout,
+                queryTimeoutUnits,
+                showValues,
+                isSessionCacheable());
 
         // Transform the query result set into the desired shape.
         result = transform(resultSet);
       }
 
       if (updateCache && result.isPresent()) {
+        E r = result.get();
+        Class<?> resultClass = r.getClass();
+        if (!(resultClass.getEnclosingClass() != null
+            && resultClass.getEnclosingClass() == Fun.class)) {
           List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
           if (facets != null && facets.size() > 1) {
-					sessionOps.updateCache(result.get(), facets);
+            sessionOps.updateCache(r, facets);
+          }
         }
       }
       return result;
@@ -95,51 +125,100 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
     }
   }
 
-	public Optional<E> sync(UnitOfWork<?> uow) {// throws TimeoutException {
-		if (uow == null)
-			return sync();
+  public Optional<E> sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) return sync();
 
     final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
     try {
 
       Optional<E> result = Optional.empty();
-			E cacheResult = null;
-			boolean updateCache = true;
+      E cachedResult = null;
+      final boolean updateCache;
 
-			if (enableCache) {
-				Stopwatch timer = uow.getCacheLookupTimer();
-				timer.start();
+      if (!ignoreCache()) {
+        Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+        try {
           List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
-				cacheResult = checkCache(uow, facets);
-				if (cacheResult != null) {
-					result = Optional.of(cacheResult);
+          if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
+            if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
+              cachedResult = checkCache(uow, facets);
+              if (cachedResult != null) {
                 updateCache = false;
+                result = Optional.of(cachedResult);
+                uowCacheHits.mark();
+                cacheHits.mark();
+                uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
               } else {
+                uowCacheMiss.mark();
                 if (isSessionCacheable()) {
                   String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
-						cacheResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
-						if (cacheResult != null) {
-							result = Optional.of(cacheResult);
+                  cachedResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
+                  if (cachedResult != null) {
+                    Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(cachedResult);
+                    if (Helenus.entity(iface).isDraftable()) {
+                      result = Optional.of(cachedResult);
+                    } else {
+                      result =
+                          Optional.of(
+                              (E)
+                                  SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone(
+                                      (Serializable) cachedResult));
+                    }
+                    updateCache = false;
+                    sessionCacheHits.mark();
+                    cacheHits.mark();
+                    uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
+                  } else {
+                    updateCache = true;
+                    sessionCacheMiss.mark();
+                    cacheMiss.mark();
+                    uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  updateCache = false;
                 }
               }
+            } else {
+              //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
+              updateCache = false; //true;
+              cacheMiss.mark();
+              uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
             }
+          } else {
+            updateCache = false;
+          }
+        } finally {
           timer.stop();
+          uow.addCacheLookupTime(timer);
+        }
+      } else {
+        updateCache = false;
       }
 
-			if (!result.isPresent()) {
+      // Check to see if we fetched the object from the cache
+      if (result.isPresent()) {
+        // If we fetched the `deleted` object then the result is null (really
+        // Optional.empty()).
+        if (result.get() == deleted) {
+          result = Optional.empty();
+        }
+      } else {
+
         // Formulate the query and execute it against the Cassandra cluster.
-				ResultSet resultSet = execute(sessionOps, uow, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-						showValues, true);
+        ResultSet resultSet =
+            execute(sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, true);
 
         // Transform the query result set into the desired shape.
         result = transform(resultSet);
       }
 
       // If we have a result, it wasn't from the UOW cache, and we're caching things
-			// then we
-			// need to put this result into the cache for future requests to find.
+      // then we need to put this result into the cache for future requests to find.
       if (updateCache && result.isPresent()) {
-				updateCache(uow, result.get(), getFacets());
+        E r = result.get();
+        if (!(r instanceof Fun) && r != deleted) {
+          cacheUpdate(uow, r, getFacets());
+        }
       }
 
       return result;
@@ -149,24 +228,28 @@ public abstract class AbstractOptionalOperation<E, O extends AbstractOptionalOpe
   }
 
   public CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> async() {
-		return CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-			// try {
+    return CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(
+        () -> {
+          try {
             return sync();
-			// } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
-			// throw new CompletionException(ex);
-			// }
+          } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+            throw new CompletionException(ex);
+          }
         });
   }
 
-	public CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> async(UnitOfWork<?> uow) {
-		if (uow == null)
-			return async();
-		return CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-			// try {
+  public CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> async(UnitOfWork uow) {
+    if (uow == null) return async();
+    CompletableFuture<Optional<E>> f =
+        CompletableFuture.<Optional<E>>supplyAsync(
+            () -> {
+              try {
                 return sync();
-			// } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
-			// throw new CompletionException(ex);
-			// }
+              } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+                throw new CompletionException(ex);
+              }
             });
+    uow.addFuture(f);
+    return f;
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractStatementOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,15 +16,6 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ConsistencyLevel;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.PreparedStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.RegularStatement;
@@ -34,33 +26,30 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.policies.FallthroughRetryPolicy;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.policies.RetryPolicy;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-
-import brave.Tracer;
-import brave.propagation.TraceContext;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.BeanColumnValueProvider;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
-public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O>> extends Operation<E> {
-
-	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractStatementOperation.class);
-
-	protected boolean enableCache = true;
-	protected boolean showValues = true;
-	protected TraceContext traceContext;
-	long queryExecutionTimeout = 10;
-	TimeUnit queryTimeoutUnits = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O>>
+    extends Operation<E> {
+  private boolean ignoreCache = false;
   private ConsistencyLevel consistencyLevel;
   private ConsistencyLevel serialConsistencyLevel;
   private RetryPolicy retryPolicy;
-	private boolean idempotent = false;
   private boolean enableTracing = false;
   private long[] defaultTimestamp = null;
   private int[] fetchSize = null;
+  protected boolean idempotent = false;
 
   public AbstractStatementOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     super(sessionOperations);
@@ -70,13 +59,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 
   public abstract Statement buildStatement(boolean cached);
 
-	public O ignoreCache(boolean enabled) {
-		enableCache = enabled;
+  public O uncached(boolean enabled) {
+    ignoreCache = !enabled;
     return (O) this;
   }
 
-	public O ignoreCache() {
-		enableCache = true;
+  public O uncached() {
+    ignoreCache = true;
     return (O) this;
   }
 
@@ -257,22 +246,16 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
       statement.setFetchSize(fetchSize[0]);
     }
 
-		if (idempotent) {
+    if (isIdempotentOperation()) {
       statement.setIdempotent(true);
     }
 
     return statement;
   }
 
-	public O zipkinContext(TraceContext traceContext) {
-		if (traceContext != null) {
-			Tracer tracer = this.sessionOps.getZipkinTracer();
-			if (tracer != null) {
-				this.traceContext = traceContext;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return (O) this;
+  @Override
+  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+    return idempotent;
   }
 
   public Statement statement() {
@@ -281,8 +264,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
 
   public String cql() {
     Statement statement = buildStatement(false);
-		if (statement == null)
-			return "";
+    if (statement == null) return "";
     if (statement instanceof BuiltStatement) {
       BuiltStatement buildStatement = (BuiltStatement) statement;
       return buildStatement.setForceNoValues(true).getQueryString();
@@ -319,50 +301,56 @@ public abstract class AbstractStatementOperation<E, O extends AbstractStatementO
     throw new HelenusException("only RegularStatements can be prepared");
   }
 
-	protected E checkCache(UnitOfWork<?> uow, List<Facet> facets) {
+  protected boolean ignoreCache() {
+    return ignoreCache;
+  }
+
+  protected E checkCache(UnitOfWork uow, List<Facet> facets) {
     E result = null;
     Optional<Object> optionalCachedResult = Optional.empty();
 
     if (!facets.isEmpty()) {
       optionalCachedResult = uow.cacheLookup(facets);
       if (optionalCachedResult.isPresent()) {
-				uowCacheHits.mark();
-				LOG.info("UnitOfWork({}) cache hit using facets", uow.hashCode());
         result = (E) optionalCachedResult.get();
       }
     }
 
-		if (result == null) {
-			uowCacheMiss.mark();
-			LOG.info("UnitOfWork({}) cache miss", uow.hashCode());
-		}
-
     return result;
   }
 
-	protected void updateCache(UnitOfWork<?> uow, E pojo, List<Facet> identifyingFacets) {
+  protected Object cacheUpdate(UnitOfWork uow, E pojo, List<Facet> identifyingFacets) {
     List<Facet> facets = new ArrayList<>();
-		Map<String, Object> valueMap = pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
+    Map<String, Object> valueMap =
+        pojo instanceof MapExportable ? ((MapExportable) pojo).toMap() : null;
 
     for (Facet facet : identifyingFacets) {
       if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
         UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
         UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-				unboundFacet.getProperties().forEach(prop -> {
+        for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
+          Object value;
           if (valueMap == null) {
-						Object value = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+            value = BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+            if (value != null) {
               binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
-					} else {
-						binder.setValueForProperty(prop, valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName()).toString());
             }
+          } else {
+            value = valueMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
+            if (value != null) {
+              binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (binder.isBound()) {
           facets.add(binder.bind());
-				});
+        }
       } else {
         facets.add(facet);
       }
     }
 
     // Cache the value (pojo), the statement key, and the fully bound facets.
-		uow.cacheUpdate(pojo, facets);
+    return uow.cacheUpdate(pojo, facets);
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/AbstractStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,10 +16,7 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import static net.helenus.core.HelenusSession.deleted;
 
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.PreparedStatement;
@@ -27,15 +25,24 @@ import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
-
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
+import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
+import net.helenus.support.Fun;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 
 public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, O>>
-		extends
-			AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
+    extends AbstractStatementOperation<E, O> {
 
   public AbstractStreamOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     super(sessionOperations);
@@ -49,7 +56,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
 
   public ListenableFuture<PreparedStreamOperation<E>> prepareAsync() {
     final O _this = (O) this;
-		return Futures.transform(prepareStatementAsync(),
+    return Futures.transform(
+        prepareStatementAsync(),
         new Function<PreparedStatement, PreparedStreamOperation<E>>() {
           @Override
           public PreparedStreamOperation<E> apply(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) {
@@ -58,27 +66,44 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
         });
   }
 
-	public Stream<E> sync() {// throws TimeoutException {
+  public Stream<E> sync() throws TimeoutException {
     final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
     try {
       Stream<E> resultStream = null;
       E cacheResult = null;
       boolean updateCache = isSessionCacheable();
 
-			if (enableCache && isSessionCacheable()) {
+      if (!ignoreCache() && isSessionCacheable()) {
         List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
+        if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
+          if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
             String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
             cacheResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
             if (cacheResult != null) {
               resultStream = Stream.of(cacheResult);
               updateCache = false;
+              sessionCacheHits.mark();
+              cacheHits.mark();
+            } else {
+              sessionCacheMiss.mark();
+              cacheMiss.mark();
+            }
+          } else {
+            //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
+          }
         }
       }
 
       if (resultStream == null) {
         // Formulate the query and execute it against the Cassandra cluster.
-				ResultSet resultSet = this.execute(sessionOps, null, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout,
-						queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
+        ResultSet resultSet =
+            this.execute(
+                sessionOps,
+                null,
+                queryExecutionTimeout,
+                queryTimeoutUnits,
+                showValues,
+                isSessionCacheable());
 
         // Transform the query result set into the desired shape.
         resultStream = transform(resultSet);
@@ -88,8 +113,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
         List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
         if (facets != null && facets.size() > 1) {
           List<E> again = new ArrayList<>();
-					resultStream.forEach(result -> {
+          resultStream.forEach(
+              result -> {
+                Class<?> resultClass = result.getClass();
+                if (!(resultClass.getEnclosingClass() != null
+                    && resultClass.getEnclosingClass() == Fun.class)) {
                   sessionOps.updateCache(result, facets);
+                }
                 again.add(result);
               });
           resultStream = again.stream();
@@ -102,45 +132,100 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
     }
   }
 
-	public Stream<E> sync(UnitOfWork<?> uow) {// throws TimeoutException {
-		if (uow == null)
-			return sync();
+  public Stream<E> sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) return sync();
 
     final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
     try {
       Stream<E> resultStream = null;
       E cachedResult = null;
-			boolean updateCache = true;
+      final boolean updateCache;
 
-			if (enableCache) {
-				Stopwatch timer = uow.getCacheLookupTimer();
-				timer.start();
+      if (!ignoreCache()) {
+        Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+        try {
           List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues();
+          if (facets != null && facets.size() > 0) {
+            if (facets.stream().filter(f -> !f.fixed()).distinct().count() > 0) {
               cachedResult = checkCache(uow, facets);
               if (cachedResult != null) {
+                updateCache = false;
                 resultStream = Stream.of(cachedResult);
+                uowCacheHits.mark();
+                cacheHits.mark();
+                uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
+              } else {
+                uowCacheMiss.mark();
+                if (isSessionCacheable()) {
+                  String tableName = CacheUtil.schemaName(facets);
+                  cachedResult = (E) sessionOps.checkCache(tableName, facets);
+                  if (cachedResult != null) {
+                    Class<?> iface = MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(cachedResult);
+                    E result = null;
+                    if (Helenus.entity(iface).isDraftable()) {
+                      result = cachedResult;
+                    } else {
+                      result =
+                          (E) SerializationUtils.<Serializable>clone((Serializable) cachedResult);
+                    }
+                    updateCache = false;
+                    resultStream = Stream.of(result);
+                    sessionCacheHits.mark();
+                    cacheHits.mark();
+                    uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(1, 0);
+                  } else {
+                    updateCache = true;
+                    sessionCacheMiss.mark();
+                    cacheMiss.mark();
+                    uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
+                  }
+                } else {
                   updateCache = false;
                 }
+              }
+            } else {
+              //TODO(gburd): look in statement cache for results
+              updateCache = false; //true;
+              cacheMiss.mark();
+              uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(-1, 0);
+            }
+          } else {
+            updateCache = false;
+          }
+        } finally {
           timer.stop();
+          uow.addCacheLookupTime(timer);
+        }
+      } else {
+        updateCache = false;
       }
 
+      // Check to see if we fetched the object from the cache
       if (resultStream == null) {
-				ResultSet resultSet = execute(sessionOps, uow, traceContext, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits,
-						showValues, true);
+        ResultSet resultSet =
+            execute(sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, true);
         resultStream = transform(resultSet);
       }
 
       // If we have a result and we're caching then we need to put it into the cache
       // for future requests to find.
-			if (updateCache && resultStream != null) {
+      if (resultStream != null) {
+        if (updateCache) {
           List<E> again = new ArrayList<>();
           List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
-				resultStream.forEach(result -> {
-					updateCache(uow, result, facets);
+          resultStream.forEach(
+              result -> {
+                Class<?> resultClass = result.getClass();
+                if (result != deleted
+                    && !(resultClass.getEnclosingClass() != null
+                        && resultClass.getEnclosingClass() == Fun.class)) {
+                  result = (E) cacheUpdate(uow, result, facets);
+                }
                 again.add(result);
               });
           resultStream = again.stream();
         }
+      }
 
       return resultStream;
     } finally {
@@ -149,24 +234,28 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamOperation<E, O extends AbstractStreamOperati
   }
 
   public CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> async() {
-		return CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-			// try {
+    return CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(
+        () -> {
+          try {
             return sync();
-			// } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
-			// throw new CompletionException(ex);
-			// }
+          } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+            throw new CompletionException(ex);
+          }
         });
   }
 
-	public CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> async(UnitOfWork<?> uow) {
-		if (uow == null)
-			return async();
-		return CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(() -> {
-			// try {
+  public CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> async(UnitOfWork uow) {
+    if (uow == null) return async();
+    CompletableFuture<Stream<E>> f =
+        CompletableFuture.<Stream<E>>supplyAsync(
+            () -> {
+              try {
                 return sync();
-			// } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
-			// throw new CompletionException(ex);
-			// }
+              } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+                throw new CompletionException(ex);
+              }
             });
+    uow.addFuture(f);
+    return f;
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BatchOperation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.helenus.core.operation;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.AtomicMonotonicTimestampGenerator;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.BatchStatement;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.TimestampGenerator;
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
+import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
+import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
+
+public class BatchOperation extends Operation<Long> {
+  //TODO(gburd): find the way to get the driver's timestamp generator
+  private static final TimestampGenerator timestampGenerator =
+      new AtomicMonotonicTimestampGenerator();
+
+  private final BatchStatement batch;
+  private List<AbstractOperation<?, ?>> operations = new ArrayList<AbstractOperation<?, ?>>();
+  private boolean logged = true;
+
+  public BatchOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
+    super(sessionOperations);
+    batch = new BatchStatement();
+  }
+
+  public void add(AbstractOperation<?, ?> operation) {
+    operations.add(operation);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public BatchStatement buildStatement(boolean cached) {
+    batch.addAll(
+        operations.stream().map(o -> o.buildStatement(cached)).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+    batch.setConsistencyLevel(sessionOps.getDefaultConsistencyLevel());
+    return batch;
+  }
+
+  public BatchOperation logged() {
+    logged = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public BatchOperation setLogged(boolean logStatements) {
+    logged = logStatements;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public Long sync() {
+    if (operations.size() == 0) return 0L;
+    final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
+    try {
+        batch.setDefaultTimestamp(timestampGenerator.next());
+        ResultSet resultSet =
+                this.execute(
+                        sessionOps, null, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
+        if (!resultSet.wasApplied()) {
+            throw new HelenusException("Failed to apply batch.");
+        }
+    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+        throw new HelenusException(e);
+    } finally {
+      context.stop();
+    }
+    return batch.getDefaultTimestamp();
+  }
+
+  public Long sync(UnitOfWork uow) {
+    if (operations.size() == 0) return 0L;
+    if (uow == null) return sync();
+
+    final Timer.Context context = requestLatency.time();
+    final Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+    try {
+        uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(0, 1);
+        batch.setDefaultTimestamp(timestampGenerator.next());
+        ResultSet resultSet =
+                this.execute(
+                        sessionOps, uow, queryExecutionTimeout, queryTimeoutUnits, showValues, false);
+        if (!resultSet.wasApplied()) {
+            throw new HelenusException("Failed to apply batch.");
+        }
+    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+        throw new HelenusException(e);
+    } finally {
+      context.stop();
+      timer.stop();
+    }
+    uow.addDatabaseTime("Cassandra", timer);
+    return batch.getDefaultTimestamp();
+  }
+
+  public void addAll(BatchOperation batch) {
+    batch.operations.forEach(o -> this.operations.add(o));
+  }
+
+  public String toString() {
+    return toString(true); //TODO(gburd): sessionOps.showQueryValues()
+  }
+
+  public String toString(boolean showValues) {
+    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
+    s.append("BEGIN ");
+    if (!logged) {
+      s.append("UNLOGGED ");
+    }
+    s.append("BATCH ");
+
+    if (batch.getDefaultTimestamp() > -9223372036854775808L) {
+      s.append("USING TIMESTAMP ").append(String.valueOf(batch.getDefaultTimestamp())).append(" ");
+    }
+    s.append(
+        operations
+            .stream()
+            .map(o -> Operation.queryString(o.buildStatement(showValues), showValues))
+            .collect(Collectors.joining(" ")));
+    s.append(" APPLY BATCH;");
+    return s.toString();
+  }
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BoundOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BoundOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,18 +16,19 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.Optional;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.BoundStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
-public final class BoundOptionalOperation<E> extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, BoundOptionalOperation<E>> {
+public final class BoundOptionalOperation<E>
+    extends AbstractOptionalOperation<E, BoundOptionalOperation<E>> {
 
   private final BoundStatement boundStatement;
   private final AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> delegate;
 
-	public BoundOptionalOperation(BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
+  public BoundOptionalOperation(
+      BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
     super(operation.sessionOps);
     this.boundStatement = boundStatement;
     this.delegate = operation;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/BoundStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,21 +16,21 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.BoundStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
-
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
-public final class BoundStreamOperation<E> extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, BoundStreamOperation<E>> {
+public final class BoundStreamOperation<E>
+    extends AbstractStreamOperation<E, BoundStreamOperation<E>> {
 
   private final BoundStatement boundStatement;
   private final AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> delegate;
 
-	public BoundStreamOperation(BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
+  public BoundStreamOperation(
+      BoundStatement boundStatement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
     super(operation.sessionOps);
     this.boundStatement = boundStatement;
     this.delegate = operation;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/CountOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select.Where;
-
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.Filter;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ public final class CountOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<Long, CountOpe
   public CountOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusEntity entity) {
     super(sessionOperations);
     this.entity = entity;
+    //TODO(gburd): cache SELECT COUNT results within the scope of a UOW
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -74,8 +75,11 @@ public final class CountOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<Long, CountOpe
     if (entity == null) {
       entity = p.getEntity();
     } else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can count columns only in single entity "
-					+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+          "you can count columns only in single entity "
+              + entity.getMappingInterface()
+              + " or "
+              + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
     }
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/DeleteOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,11 +21,15 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Delete;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Delete.Where;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.Filter;
+import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
+import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class DeleteOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<ResultSet, DeleteOperation> {
@@ -118,8 +123,53 @@ public final class DeleteOperation extends AbstractFilterOperation<ResultSet, De
     if (entity == null) {
       entity = p.getEntity();
     } else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can delete rows only in single entity "
-					+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+          "you can delete rows only in single entity "
+              + entity.getMappingInterface()
+              + " or "
+              + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
     }
   }
+
+  public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
+    return bindFacetValues(getFacets());
+  }
+
+  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResultSet sync() throws TimeoutException {
+    ResultSet result = super.sync();
+    if (entity.isCacheable()) {
+      sessionOps.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResultSet sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) {
+      return sync();
+    }
+    ResultSet result = super.sync(uow);
+    uow.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public ResultSet batch(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) {
+      throw new HelenusException("UnitOfWork cannot be null when batching operations.");
+    }
+
+    uow.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
+    uow.batch(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<Facet> getFacets() {
+    return entity.getFacets();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/InsertOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,21 +16,24 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Insert;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
-
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.Getter;
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.DefaultPrimitiveTypes;
-import net.helenus.core.reflect.Drafted;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
@@ -40,38 +44,63 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperation<T>> {
 
-	private HelenusEntity entity;
-
-	private final List<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>> values = new ArrayList<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>>();
+  private final List<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>> values =
+      new ArrayList<Fun.Tuple2<HelenusPropertyNode, Object>>();
   private final T pojo;
   private final Class<?> resultType;
+  private final Set<String> readSet;
+  private HelenusEntity entity;
   private boolean ifNotExists;
 
   private int[] ttl;
   private long[] timestamp;
+  private long writeTime = 0L;
 
   public InsertOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, boolean ifNotExists) {
     super(sessionOperations);
 
-		this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
     this.pojo = null;
+    this.readSet = null;
+    this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
     this.resultType = ResultSet.class;
   }
 
-	public InsertOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Class<?> resultType, boolean ifNotExists) {
+  public InsertOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
+      HelenusEntity entity,
+      Class<?> resultType,
+      boolean ifNotExists) {
     super(sessionOperations);
 
-		this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
     this.pojo = null;
+    this.readSet = null;
+    this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
+    this.resultType = resultType;
+    this.entity = entity;
+  }
+
+  public InsertOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Class<?> resultType, boolean ifNotExists) {
+    super(sessionOperations);
+
+    this.pojo = null;
+    this.readSet = null;
+    this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
     this.resultType = resultType;
   }
 
-	public InsertOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusEntity entity, T pojo,
-			Set<String> mutations, boolean ifNotExists) {
+  public InsertOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
+      HelenusEntity entity,
+      T pojo,
+      Set<String> mutations,
+      Set<String> read,
+      boolean ifNotExists) {
     super(sessionOperations);
 
-		this.entity = entity;
     this.pojo = pojo;
+    this.readSet = read;
+    this.entity = entity;
     this.ifNotExists = ifNotExists;
     this.resultType = entity.getMappingInterface();
 
@@ -82,11 +111,11 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
       boolean addProp = false;
 
       switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+        case PARTITION_KEY:
+        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
           addProp = true;
           break;
-				default :
+        default:
           addProp = (keys == null || keys.contains(prop.getPropertyName()));
       }
 
@@ -130,11 +159,34 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
 
   @Override
   public BuiltStatement buildStatement(boolean cached) {
+    List<HelenusEntity> entities =
+        values
+            .stream()
+            .map(t -> t._1.getProperty().getEntity())
+            .distinct()
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    if (entities.size() != 1) {
+      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+          "you can insert only single entity at a time, found: "
+              + entities
+                  .stream()
+                  .map(e -> e.getMappingInterface().toString())
+                  .collect(Collectors.joining(", ")));
+    }
+    HelenusEntity entity = entities.get(0);
+    if (this.entity != null) {
+      if (this.entity != entity) {
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "you can insert only single entity at a time, found: "
+                + this.entity.getMappingInterface().toString()
+                + ", "
+                + entity.getMappingInterface().toString());
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.entity = entity;
+    }
 
-		values.forEach(t -> addPropertyNode(t._1));
-
-		if (values.isEmpty())
-			return null;
+    if (values.isEmpty()) return null;
 
     if (entity == null) {
       throw new HelenusMappingException("unknown entity");
@@ -146,10 +198,13 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
       insert.ifNotExists();
     }
 
-		values.forEach(t -> {
+    values.forEach(
+        t -> {
           insert.value(t._1.getColumnName(), t._2);
         });
 
+    //TODO(gburd): IF NOT EXISTS when @Constraints.Relationship is 1:1 or 1:m
+
     if (this.ttl != null) {
       insert.using(QueryBuilder.ttl(this.ttl[0]));
     }
@@ -160,12 +215,9 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
     return insert;
   }
 
-	@Override
-	public T transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
-		Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
-		if (resultType == iface) {
+  private T newInstance(Class<?> iface) {
     if (values.size() > 0) {
-				boolean immutable = iface.isAssignableFrom(Drafted.class);
+      boolean immutable = entity.isDraftable();
       Collection<HelenusProperty> properties = entity.getOrderedProperties();
       Map<String, Object> backingMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(properties.size());
 
@@ -178,8 +230,8 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
         if (backingMap.containsKey(key)) {
           // Some values man need to be converted (e.g. from String to Enum). This is done
           // within the BeanColumnValueProvider below.
-						Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop
-								.getReadConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+          Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+              prop.getReadConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
           if (converter.isPresent()) {
             backingMap.put(key, converter.get().apply(backingMap.get(key)));
           }
@@ -187,8 +239,8 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
           // If we started this operation with an instance of this type, use values from
           // that.
           if (pojo != null) {
-							backingMap.put(key,
-									BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, immutable));
+            backingMap.put(
+                key, BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, immutable));
           } else {
             // Otherwise we'll use default values for the property type if available.
             Class<?> propType = prop.getJavaType();
@@ -206,11 +258,24 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
       // Lastly, create a new proxy object for the entity and return the new instance.
       return (T) Helenus.map(iface, backingMap);
     }
-			// Oddly, this insert didn't change any value so simply return the pojo.
-			// TODO(gburd): this pojo is the result of a Draft.build() call which will not
-			// preserve object identity (o1 == o2), ... fix me.
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public T transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
+    if ((ifNotExists == true) && (resultSet.wasApplied() == false)) {
+      throw new HelenusException("Statement was not applied due to consistency constraints");
+    }
+
+    Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
+    if (resultType == iface) {
+      T o = newInstance(iface);
+      if (o == null) {
+        // Oddly, this insert didn't change anything so simply return the pojo.
         return (T) pojo;
       }
+      return o;
+    }
     return (T) resultSet;
   }
 
@@ -226,25 +291,134 @@ public final class InsertOperation<T> extends AbstractOperation<T, InsertOperati
     return this;
   }
 
-	private void addPropertyNode(HelenusPropertyNode p) {
-		if (entity == null) {
-			entity = p.getEntity();
-		} else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can insert only single entity " + entity.getMappingInterface()
-					+ " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+  protected void adjustTtlAndWriteTime(MapExportable pojo) {
+    if (ttl != null || writeTime != 0L) {
+      List<String> columnNames =
+          values
+              .stream()
+              .map(t -> t._1.getProperty())
+              .filter(
+                  prop -> {
+                    switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
+                      case PARTITION_KEY:
+                      case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
+                        return false;
+                      default:
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                  })
+              .map(prop -> prop.getColumnName().toCql(false))
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+      if (columnNames.size() > 0) {
+        if (ttl != null) {
+          columnNames.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.ttlKey(name), ttl));
+        }
+        if (writeTime != 0L) {
+          columnNames.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(name), writeTime));
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 
   @Override
-	public T sync(UnitOfWork uow) {// throws TimeoutException {
+  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+    return values.stream().map(v -> v._1.getProperty()).allMatch(prop -> prop.isIdempotent())
+        || super.isIdempotentOperation();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public T sync() throws TimeoutException {
+    T result = super.sync();
+    if (entity.isCacheable() && result != null) {
+      adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
+      sessionOps.updateCache(result, bindFacetValues());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public T sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
     if (uow == null) {
       return sync();
     }
     T result = super.sync(uow);
+    if (result != null && pojo != null && !(pojo == result) && pojo.equals(result)) {
+      // To preserve object identity we need to find this object in cache
+      // because it was unchanged by the INSERT but pojo in this case was
+      // the result of a draft.build().
+      T cachedValue = (T) uow.cacheLookup(bindFacetValues());
+      if (cachedValue != null) {
+        result = cachedValue;
+      }
+    }
     Class<?> iface = entity.getMappingInterface();
     if (resultType == iface) {
-			updateCache(uow, result, entity.getFacets());
+      if (entity != null && MapExportable.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface())) {
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
+      }
+      cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
     }
     return result;
   }
+
+  public T batch(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) {
+      throw new HelenusException("UnitOfWork cannot be null when batching operations.");
+    }
+
+    if (this.entity != null) {
+      Class<?> iface = this.entity.getMappingInterface();
+      if (resultType == iface) {
+        final T result = (pojo == null) ? newInstance(iface) : pojo;
+        if (result != null) {
+          adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
+          cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
+        }
+        uow.batch(this);
+        return (T) result;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return sync(uow);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
+    List<Facet> facets = getFacets();
+    if (facets == null || facets.size() == 0) {
+      return new ArrayList<Facet>();
+    }
+    List<Facet> boundFacets = new ArrayList<>();
+    Map<HelenusProperty, Object> valuesMap = new HashMap<>(values.size());
+    values.forEach(t -> valuesMap.put(t._1.getProperty(), t._2));
+
+    for (Facet facet : facets) {
+      if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
+        UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
+        UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
+        for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
+          Object value = valuesMap.get(prop);
+          if (value != null) {
+            binder.setValueForProperty(prop, value.toString());
+          }
+        }
+        if (binder.isBound()) {
+          boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
+        }
+      } else {
+        boundFacets.add(facet);
+      }
+    }
+    return boundFacets;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<Facet> getFacets() {
+    if (entity != null) {
+      return entity.getFacets();
+    } else {
+      return new ArrayList<Facet>();
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/Operation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,77 +16,177 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
 import com.codahale.metrics.Meter;
 import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSetFuture;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
-
-import brave.Span;
-import brave.Tracer;
-import brave.propagation.TraceContext;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.AbstractSessionOperations;
 import net.helenus.core.UnitOfWork;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
+import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public abstract class Operation<E> {
 
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Operation.class);
+
   protected final AbstractSessionOperations sessionOps;
+  protected boolean showValues;
+  protected long queryExecutionTimeout = 10;
+  protected TimeUnit queryTimeoutUnits = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
   protected final Meter uowCacheHits;
   protected final Meter uowCacheMiss;
+  protected final Meter sessionCacheHits;
+  protected final Meter sessionCacheMiss;
+  protected final Meter cacheHits;
+  protected final Meter cacheMiss;
   protected final Timer requestLatency;
 
   Operation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     this.sessionOps = sessionOperations;
+    this.showValues = sessionOps.showValues();
     MetricRegistry metrics = sessionOperations.getMetricRegistry();
+    if (metrics == null) {
+      metrics = new MetricRegistry();
+    }
     this.uowCacheHits = metrics.meter("net.helenus.UOW-cache-hits");
     this.uowCacheMiss = metrics.meter("net.helenus.UOW-cache-miss");
+    this.sessionCacheHits = metrics.meter("net.helenus.session-cache-hits");
+    this.sessionCacheMiss = metrics.meter("net.helenus.session-cache-miss");
+    this.cacheHits = metrics.meter("net.helenus.cache-hits");
+    this.cacheMiss = metrics.meter("net.helenus.cache-miss");
     this.requestLatency = metrics.timer("net.helenus.request-latency");
   }
 
-	public ResultSet execute(AbstractSessionOperations session, UnitOfWork uow, TraceContext traceContext, long timeout,
-			TimeUnit units, boolean showValues, boolean cached) { // throws TimeoutException {
-
-		// Start recording in a Zipkin sub-span our execution time to perform this
-		// operation.
-		Tracer tracer = session.getZipkinTracer();
-		Span span = null;
-		if (tracer != null && traceContext != null) {
-			span = tracer.newChild(traceContext);
+  public static String queryString(BatchOperation operation, boolean includeValues) {
+    return operation.toString(includeValues);
   }
 
-		try {
-
-			if (span != null) {
-				span.name("cassandra");
-				span.start();
+  public static String queryString(Statement statement, boolean includeValues) {
+    String query = null;
+    if (statement instanceof BuiltStatement) {
+      BuiltStatement builtStatement = (BuiltStatement) statement;
+      if (includeValues) {
+        RegularStatement regularStatement = builtStatement.setForceNoValues(true);
+        query = regularStatement.getQueryString();
+      } else {
+        query = builtStatement.getQueryString();
       }
+    } else if (statement instanceof RegularStatement) {
+      RegularStatement regularStatement = (RegularStatement) statement;
+      query = regularStatement.getQueryString();
+    } else {
+      query = statement.toString();
+    }
+    return query;
+  }
+
+  public ResultSet execute(
+      AbstractSessionOperations session,
+      UnitOfWork uow,
+      long timeout,
+      TimeUnit units,
+      boolean showValues,
+      boolean cached)
+      throws TimeoutException {
 
     Statement statement = options(buildStatement(cached));
-			Stopwatch timer = null;
-			if (uow != null) {
-				timer = uow.getExecutionTimer();
-				timer.start();
+
+    if (session.isShowCql()) {
+      String stmt =
+          (this instanceof BatchOperation)
+              ? queryString((BatchOperation) this, showValues)
+              : queryString(statement, showValues);
+      session.getPrintStream().println(stmt);
+    } else if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+      String stmt =
+          (this instanceof BatchOperation)
+              ? queryString((BatchOperation) this, showValues)
+              : queryString(statement, showValues);
+      LOG.info("CQL> " + stmt);
     }
-			ResultSetFuture futureResultSet = session.executeAsync(statement, showValues);
-			ResultSet resultSet = futureResultSet.getUninterruptibly(); // TODO(gburd): (timeout, units);
-
-			if (uow != null)
-				timer.stop();
 
+    Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+    try {
+      ResultSetFuture futureResultSet = session.executeAsync(statement, uow, timer);
+      if (uow != null) uow.recordCacheAndDatabaseOperationCount(0, 1);
+      ResultSet resultSet = futureResultSet.getUninterruptibly(timeout, units);
+      ColumnDefinitions columnDefinitions = resultSet.getColumnDefinitions();
+      if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+        ExecutionInfo ei = resultSet.getExecutionInfo();
+        Host qh = ei.getQueriedHost();
+        String oh =
+            ei.getTriedHosts()
+                .stream()
+                .map(Host::getAddress)
+                .map(InetAddress::toString)
+                .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+        ConsistencyLevel cl = ei.getAchievedConsistencyLevel();
+        if (cl == null) {
+          cl = statement.getConsistencyLevel();
+        }
+        int se = ei.getSpeculativeExecutions();
+        String warn = ei.getWarnings().stream().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+        String ri =
+            String.format(
+                "%s %s ~%s %s %s%s%sspec-retries: %d",
+                "server v" + qh.getCassandraVersion(),
+                qh.getAddress().toString(),
+                (oh != null && !oh.equals("")) ? " [tried: " + oh + "]" : "",
+                qh.getDatacenter(),
+                qh.getRack(),
+                (cl != null)
+                    ? (" consistency: "
+                        + cl.name()
+                        + " "
+                        + (cl.isDCLocal() ? " DC " : "")
+                        + (cl.isSerial() ? " SC " : ""))
+                    : "",
+                (warn != null && !warn.equals("")) ? ": " + warn : "",
+                se);
+        if (uow != null) uow.setInfo(ri);
+        else LOG.debug(ri);
+      }
+      if (!resultSet.wasApplied()
+          && !(columnDefinitions.size() > 1 || !columnDefinitions.contains("[applied]"))) {
+        throw new HelenusException("Operation Failed");
+      }
       return resultSet;
 
     } finally {
+      timer.stop();
+      if (uow != null) uow.addDatabaseTime("Cassandra", timer);
+      log(statement, uow, timer, showValues);
+    }
+  }
 
-			if (span != null) {
-				span.finish();
+  void log(Statement statement, UnitOfWork uow, Stopwatch timer, boolean showValues) {
+    if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+      String uowString = "";
+      if (uow != null) {
+        uowString = "UOW(" + uow.hashCode() + ")";
+      }
+      String timerString = "";
+      if (timer != null) {
+        timerString = String.format(" %s ", timer.toString());
+      }
+      LOG.info(
+          String.format(
+              "%s%s%s", uowString, timerString, Operation.queryString(statement, showValues)));
     }
   }
+
+  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+    return false;
   }
 
   public Statement options(Statement statement) {
@@ -97,7 +198,7 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
   }
 
   public List<Facet> getFacets() {
-		return null;
+    return new ArrayList<Facet>();
   }
 
   public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
@@ -107,5 +208,4 @@ public abstract class Operation<E> {
   public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
     return false;
   }
-
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/PreparedOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -43,5 +44,4 @@ public final class PreparedOperation<E> {
   public String toString() {
     return preparedStatement.getQueryString();
   }
-
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/PreparedOptionalOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ public final class PreparedOptionalOperation<E> {
   private final PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
   private final AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation;
 
-	public PreparedOptionalOperation(PreparedStatement statement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
+  public PreparedOptionalOperation(
+      PreparedStatement statement, AbstractOptionalOperation<E, ?> operation) {
     this.preparedStatement = statement;
     this.operation = operation;
   }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/PreparedStreamOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ public final class PreparedStreamOperation<E> {
   private final PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
   private final AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation;
 
-	public PreparedStreamOperation(PreparedStatement statement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
+  public PreparedStreamOperation(
+      PreparedStatement statement, AbstractStreamOperation<E, ?> operation) {
     this.preparedStatement = statement;
     this.operation = operation;
   }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectFirstOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,16 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
-
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
-public final class SelectFirstOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, SelectFirstOperation<E>> {
+public final class SelectFirstOperation<E>
+    extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<E, SelectFirstOperation<E>> {
 
   private final SelectOperation<E> delegate;
 
@@ -64,4 +64,9 @@ public final class SelectFirstOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperati
   public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
     return delegate.isSessionCacheable();
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean ignoreCache() {
+    return delegate.ignoreCache();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectFirstTransformingOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,18 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
-
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
 public final class SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>
-		extends
-			AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<R, SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
+    extends AbstractFilterOptionalOperation<R, SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
 
   private final SelectOperation<E> delegate;
   private final Function<E, R> fn;
@@ -59,4 +57,9 @@ public final class SelectFirstTransformingOperation<R, E>
   public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
     return delegate.isSessionCacheable();
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean ignoreCache() {
+    return delegate.ignoreCache();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,14 +16,6 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
-import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
-
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Row;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
@@ -31,19 +24,26 @@ import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select.Selection;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select.Where;
-import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
-
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
 import net.helenus.core.*;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.Entity;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
+import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.OrderingDirection;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ColumnValueProvider;
 import net.helenus.mapping.value.ValueProviderMap;
 import net.helenus.support.Fun;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, SelectOperation<E>> {
 
@@ -54,14 +54,17 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
   protected List<Ordering> ordering = null;
   protected Integer limit = null;
   protected boolean allowFiltering = false;
+
   protected String alternateTableName = null;
   protected boolean isCacheable = false;
+  protected boolean implementsEntityType = false;
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public SelectOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     super(sessionOperations);
 
-		this.rowMapper = new Function<Row, E>() {
+    this.rowMapper =
+        new Function<Row, E>() {
 
           @Override
           public E apply(Row source) {
@@ -84,31 +87,47 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 
     super(sessionOperations);
 
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .stream()
+        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
         .forEach(p -> this.props.add(p));
 
-		isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+    this.isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+    this.implementsEntityType = Entity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface());
   }
 
-	public SelectOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusEntity entity,
+  public SelectOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
+      HelenusEntity entity,
       Function<Row, E> rowMapper) {
 
     super(sessionOperations);
     this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
 
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .stream()
+        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
         .forEach(p -> this.props.add(p));
 
-		isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+    this.isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+    this.implementsEntityType = Entity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface());
   }
 
-	public SelectOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Function<Row, E> rowMapper,
+  public SelectOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations,
+      Function<Row, E> rowMapper,
       HelenusPropertyNode... props) {
 
     super(sessionOperations);
 
     this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
     Collections.addAll(this.props, props);
+
+    HelenusEntity entity = props[0].getEntity();
+    this.isCacheable = entity.isCacheable();
+    this.implementsEntityType = Entity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface());
   }
 
   public CountOperation count() {
@@ -119,8 +138,11 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
       if (entity == null) {
         entity = prop.getEntity();
       } else if (entity != prop.getEntity()) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("you can count records only from a single entity "
-						+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "you can count records only from a single entity "
+                + entity.getMappingInterface()
+                + " or "
+                + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
       }
     }
 
@@ -132,7 +154,10 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
     HelenusEntity entity = Helenus.entity(materializedViewClass);
     this.alternateTableName = entity.getName().toCql();
     this.props.clear();
-		entity.getOrderedProperties().stream().map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
+    entity
+        .getOrderedProperties()
+        .stream()
+        .map(p -> new HelenusPropertyNode(p, Optional.empty()))
         .forEach(p -> this.props.add(p));
     return this;
   }
@@ -150,7 +175,9 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 
     this.rowMapper = null;
 
-		return new SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>(this, (r) -> {
+    return new SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>(
+        this,
+        (r) -> {
           Map<String, Object> map = new ValueProviderMap(r, sessionOps.getValueProvider(), entity);
           return (R) Helenus.map(entityClass, map);
         });
@@ -206,7 +233,8 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
       if (facet instanceof UnboundFacet) {
         UnboundFacet unboundFacet = (UnboundFacet) facet;
         UnboundFacet.Binder binder = unboundFacet.binder();
-				unboundFacet.getProperties().forEach(prop -> {
+        for (HelenusProperty prop : unboundFacet.getProperties()) {
+          if (filters != null) {
             Filter filter = filters.get(prop);
             if (filter != null) {
               Object[] postulates = filter.postulateValues();
@@ -214,8 +242,8 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
                 binder.setValueForProperty(prop, p.toString());
               }
             }
-
-				});
+          }
+        }
         if (binder.isBound()) {
           boundFacets.add(binder.bind());
         }
@@ -236,30 +264,27 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
       String columnName = prop.getColumnName();
       selection = selection.column(columnName);
 
-			if (prop.getProperty().caseSensitiveIndex()) {
-				allowFiltering = true;
-			}
-
       if (entity == null) {
         entity = prop.getEntity();
       } else if (entity != prop.getEntity()) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("you can select columns only from a single entity "
-						+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+        throw new HelenusMappingException(
+            "you can select columns only from a single entity "
+                + entity.getMappingInterface()
+                + " or "
+                + prop.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
       }
 
-			if (cached) {
+      if (cached && implementsEntityType) {
         switch (prop.getProperty().getColumnType()) {
-					case PARTITION_KEY :
-					case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+          case PARTITION_KEY:
+          case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
             break;
-					default :
+          default:
             if (entity.equals(prop.getEntity())) {
-							if (prop.getNext().isPresent()) {
-								columnName = Iterables.getLast(prop).getColumnName().toCql(true);
-							}
               if (!prop.getProperty().getDataType().isCollectionType()) {
-								selection.writeTime(columnName).as(columnName + "_writeTime");
-								selection.ttl(columnName).as(columnName + "_ttl");
+                columnName = prop.getProperty().getColumnName().toCql(false);
+                selection.ttl(columnName).as('"' + CacheUtil.ttlKey(columnName) + '"');
+                selection.writeTime(columnName).as('"' + CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(columnName) + '"');
               }
             }
             break;
@@ -286,8 +311,35 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
 
       Where where = select.where();
 
+      boolean isFirstIndex = true;
       for (Filter<?> filter : filters.values()) {
         where.and(filter.getClause(sessionOps.getValuePreparer()));
+        HelenusProperty filterProp = filter.getNode().getProperty();
+        HelenusProperty prop =
+            props
+                .stream()
+                .map(HelenusPropertyNode::getProperty)
+                .filter(thisProp -> thisProp.getPropertyName().equals(filterProp.getPropertyName()))
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElse(null);
+        if (allowFiltering == false && prop != null) {
+          switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
+            case PARTITION_KEY:
+              break;
+            case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
+            default:
+              // When using non-Cassandra-standard 2i types or when using more than one
+              // indexed column or non-indexed columns the query must include ALLOW FILTERING.
+              if (prop.caseSensitiveIndex() == false) {
+                allowFiltering = true;
+              } else if (prop.getIndexName() != null) {
+                allowFiltering |= !isFirstIndex;
+                isFirstIndex = false;
+              } else {
+                allowFiltering = true;
+              }
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -306,12 +358,14 @@ public final class SelectOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<E, S
   @Override
   public Stream<E> transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
     if (rowMapper != null) {
-			return StreamSupport
-					.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED), false)
+      return StreamSupport.stream(
+              Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED), false)
           .map(rowMapper);
     } else {
-			return (Stream<E>) StreamSupport
-					.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED), false);
+      return (Stream<E>)
+          StreamSupport.stream(
+              Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(resultSet.iterator(), Spliterator.ORDERED),
+              false);
     }
   }
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/SelectTransformingOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,18 +16,15 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
-import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
-
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
 public final class SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>
-		extends
-			AbstractFilterStreamOperation<R, SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
+    extends AbstractFilterStreamOperation<R, SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>> {
 
   private final SelectOperation<E> delegate;
   private final Function<E, R> fn;
@@ -59,4 +57,14 @@ public final class SelectTransformingOperation<R, E>
   public Stream<R> transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
     return delegate.transform(resultSet).map(fn);
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSessionCacheable() {
+    return delegate.isSessionCacheable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean ignoreCache() {
+    return delegate.ignoreCache();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/operation/UpdateOperation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,53 +16,83 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.operation;
 
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Assignment;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Update;
-
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import net.helenus.core.*;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.BoundFacet;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.reflect.HelenusPropertyNode;
+import net.helenus.core.reflect.MapExportable;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
+import net.helenus.mapping.value.BeanColumnValueProvider;
+import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 import net.helenus.support.Immutables;
 
 public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateOperation<E>> {
 
-	private HelenusEntity entity = null;
-
-	private final List<Assignment> assignments = new ArrayList<Assignment>();
+  private final Map<Assignment, BoundFacet> assignments = new HashMap<>();
   private final AbstractEntityDraft<E> draft;
   private final Map<String, Object> draftMap;
-
+  private final Set<String> readSet;
+  private HelenusEntity entity = null;
+  private Object pojo;
   private int[] ttl;
   private long[] timestamp;
+  private long writeTime = 0L;
 
   public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations) {
     super(sessionOperations);
     this.draft = null;
     this.draftMap = null;
+    this.readSet = null;
   }
 
-	public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, AbstractEntityDraft<E> draft) {
+  public UpdateOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, AbstractEntityDraft<E> draft) {
     super(sessionOperations);
     this.draft = draft;
     this.draftMap = draft.toMap();
+    this.readSet = draft.read();
   }
 
-	public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusPropertyNode p, Object v) {
+  public UpdateOperation(AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, Object pojo) {
     super(sessionOperations);
     this.draft = null;
     this.draftMap = null;
 
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      this.entity = Helenus.resolve(MappingUtil.getMappingInterface(pojo));
+      if (this.entity != null && entity.isCacheable() && pojo instanceof MapExportable) {
+        this.pojo = pojo;
+        this.readSet = ((MapExportable) pojo).toReadSet();
+      } else {
+        this.readSet = null;
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.readSet = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public UpdateOperation(
+      AbstractSessionOperations sessionOperations, HelenusPropertyNode p, Object v) {
+    super(sessionOperations);
+    this.draft = null;
+    this.draftMap = null;
+    this.readSet = null;
+
     Object value = sessionOps.getValuePreparer().prepareColumnValue(v, p.getProperty());
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value));
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value), new BoundFacet(p.getProperty(), v));
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
   }
@@ -70,9 +101,24 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     Objects.requireNonNull(getter, "getter is empty");
 
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter);
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 
-		Object value = sessionOps.getValuePreparer().prepareColumnValue(v, p.getProperty());
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value));
+    Object value = sessionOps.getValuePreparer().prepareColumnValue(v, prop);
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.set(p.getColumnName(), value), new BoundFacet(prop, value));
+
+    if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      if (draft.get(key, value.getClass()) != v) {
+        draft.set(key, v);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      if (!BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop).equals(v)) {
+        String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+        ((MapExportable) pojo).put(key, v);
+      }
+    }
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
@@ -97,15 +143,21 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(counterGetter);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.incr(p.getColumnName(), delta));
+    BoundFacet facet = null;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      Long value = (Long) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, value + delta);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) + delta);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, draftMap.get(key));
+    }
+
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.incr(p.getColumnName(), delta), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) + delta);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -119,15 +171,21 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(counterGetter);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.decr(p.getColumnName(), delta));
+    BoundFacet facet = null;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      Long value = (Long) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, value - delta);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) - delta);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, draftMap.get(key));
+    }
+
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.decr(p.getColumnName(), delta), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			draftMap.put(key, (Long) draftMap.get(key) - delta);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -146,16 +204,27 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.prepend(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final List<V> list;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      list.add(0, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      list.add(0, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      list = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.prepend(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			list.add(0, value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -167,16 +236,27 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     List valueObj = prepareListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.prependAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final List<V> list;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      list.addAll(0, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
+      String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
+      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      list.addAll(0, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      list = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.prependAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			list.addAll(0, value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -188,13 +268,16 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.setIdx(p.getColumnName(), idx, valueObj));
-
-		addPropertyNode(p);
-
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null || draft != null) {
+      final List<V> list;
+      if (pojo != null) {
+        list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      } else {
+        String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+        list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      }
       if (idx < 0) {
         list.add(0, value);
       } else if (idx > list.size()) {
@@ -203,8 +286,15 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
         list.add(idx, value);
       }
       list.add(0, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      facet = null;
     }
 
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.setIdx(p.getColumnName(), idx, valueObj), facet);
+
+    addPropertyNode(p);
+
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -216,16 +306,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.append(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final List<V> list;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      list.add(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      list.add(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      list = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.append(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			list.add(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -237,16 +337,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     List valueObj = prepareListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.appendAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final List<V> list;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      list.addAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      list.addAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      list = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.appendAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null && value.size() > 0) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			list.addAll(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -258,16 +368,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     Object valueObj = prepareSingleListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.discard(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final List<V> list;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      list.remove(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      list.remove(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      list = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.discard(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			list.remove(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -279,16 +399,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(listGetter);
     List valueObj = prepareListValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.discardAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final List<V> list;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      list = (List<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      list.removeAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      list.removeAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, list);
+    } else {
+      list = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.discardAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			List<V> list = (List<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			list.removeAll(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -297,7 +427,8 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
     Object valueObj = value;
 
-		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
     if (converter.isPresent()) {
       List convertedList = (List) converter.get().apply(Immutables.listOf(value));
       valueObj = convertedList.get(0);
@@ -312,7 +443,8 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
     List valueObj = value;
 
-		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
     if (converter.isPresent()) {
       valueObj = (List) converter.get().apply(value);
     }
@@ -336,16 +468,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
     Object valueObj = prepareSingleSetValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.add(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final Set<V> set;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      set.add(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      set.add(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else {
+      set = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.add(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			set.add(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -357,16 +499,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
     Set valueObj = prepareSetValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.addAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final Set<V> set;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      set.addAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      set.addAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else {
+      set = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.addAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			set.addAll(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -378,16 +530,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
     Object valueObj = prepareSingleSetValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.remove(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final Set<V> set;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      set.remove(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      set.remove(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else {
+      set = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.remove(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			set.remove(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -399,16 +561,26 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(setGetter);
     Set valueObj = prepareSetValue(p, value);
 
-		assignments.add(QueryBuilder.removeAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj));
+    final Set<V> set;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      set = (Set<V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      set.removeAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      String key = prop.getPropertyName();
+      set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
+      set.removeAll(value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, set);
+    } else {
+      set = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+    assignments.put(QueryBuilder.removeAll(p.getColumnName(), valueObj), facet);
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			String key = p.getProperty().getPropertyName();
-			Set<V> set = (Set<V>) draftMap.get(key);
-			set.removeAll(value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -417,7 +589,8 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
     Object valueObj = value;
 
-		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
     if (converter.isPresent()) {
       Set convertedSet = (Set) converter.get().apply(Immutables.setOf(value));
       valueObj = convertedSet.iterator().next();
@@ -431,7 +604,8 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
     Set valueObj = value;
 
-		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
     if (converter.isPresent()) {
       valueObj = (Set) converter.get().apply(value);
     }
@@ -455,23 +629,35 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(mapGetter);
     HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 
-		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+    final Map<K, V> map;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      map = (Map<K, V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      map.put(key, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, map);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      map = (Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
+      map.put(key, value);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, map);
+    } else {
+      map = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+
+    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
     if (converter.isPresent()) {
-			Map<Object, Object> convertedMap = (Map<Object, Object>) converter.get()
-					.apply(Immutables.mapOf(key, value));
+      Map<Object, Object> convertedMap =
+          (Map<Object, Object>) converter.get().apply(Immutables.mapOf(key, value));
       for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : convertedMap.entrySet()) {
-				assignments.add(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
+        assignments.put(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), e.getKey(), e.getValue()), facet);
       }
     } else {
-			assignments.add(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), key, value));
+      assignments.put(QueryBuilder.put(p.getColumnName(), key, value), facet);
     }
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			((Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName())).put(key, value);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -483,20 +669,32 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     HelenusPropertyNode p = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(mapGetter);
     HelenusProperty prop = p.getProperty();
 
-		Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter = prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
+    final Map<K, V> newMap;
+    final BoundFacet facet;
+    if (pojo != null) {
+      newMap = (Map<K, V>) BeanColumnValueProvider.INSTANCE.getColumnValue(pojo, -1, prop, false);
+      newMap.putAll(map);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, newMap);
+    } else if (draft != null) {
+      newMap = (Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName());
+      newMap.putAll(map);
+      facet = new BoundFacet(prop, newMap);
+    } else {
+      newMap = null;
+      facet = null;
+    }
+
+    Optional<Function<Object, Object>> converter =
+        prop.getWriteConverter(sessionOps.getSessionRepository());
     if (converter.isPresent()) {
       Map convertedMap = (Map) converter.get().apply(map);
-			assignments.add(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), convertedMap));
+      assignments.put(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), convertedMap), facet);
     } else {
-			assignments.add(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), map));
+      assignments.put(QueryBuilder.putAll(p.getColumnName(), map), facet);
     }
 
     addPropertyNode(p);
 
-		if (draft != null) {
-			((Map<K, V>) draftMap.get(prop.getPropertyName())).putAll(map);
-		}
-
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -509,7 +707,7 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
     Update update = QueryBuilder.update(entity.getName().toCql());
 
-		for (Assignment assignment : assignments) {
+    for (Assignment assignment : assignments.keySet()) {
       update.with(assignment);
     }
 
@@ -540,6 +738,10 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
 
   @Override
   public E transform(ResultSet resultSet) {
+    if ((ifFilters != null && !ifFilters.isEmpty()) && (resultSet.wasApplied() == false)) {
+      throw new HelenusException("Statement was not applied due to consistency constraints");
+    }
+
     if (draft != null) {
       return Helenus.map(draft.getEntityClass(), draft.toMap(draftMap));
     } else {
@@ -563,22 +765,140 @@ public final class UpdateOperation<E> extends AbstractFilterOperation<E, UpdateO
     if (entity == null) {
       entity = p.getEntity();
     } else if (entity != p.getEntity()) {
-			throw new HelenusMappingException("you can update columns only in single entity "
-					+ entity.getMappingInterface() + " or " + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+          "you can update columns only in single entity "
+              + entity.getMappingInterface()
+              + " or "
+              + p.getEntity().getMappingInterface());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void adjustTtlAndWriteTime(MapExportable pojo) {
+    if (ttl != null || writeTime != 0L) {
+      List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>(assignments.size());
+      for (BoundFacet facet : assignments.values()) {
+        for (HelenusProperty prop : facet.getProperties()) {
+          names.add(prop.getColumnName().toCql(false));
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (names.size() > 0) {
+        if (ttl != null) {
+          names.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.ttlKey(name), ttl));
+        }
+        if (writeTime != 0L) {
+          names.forEach(name -> pojo.put(CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(name), writeTime));
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 
   @Override
-	public E sync(UnitOfWork uow) {// throws TimeoutException {
+  protected boolean isIdempotentOperation() {
+    return assignments
+            .values()
+            .stream()
+            .allMatch(
+                facet -> {
+                  if (facet != null) {
+                    Set<HelenusProperty> props = facet.getProperties();
+                    if (props != null && props.size() > 0) {
+                      return props.stream().allMatch(prop -> prop.isIdempotent());
+                    } else {
+                      return true;
+                    }
+                  } else {
+                    // In this case our UPDATE statement made mutations via the List, Set, Map methods only.
+                    return false;
+                  }
+                })
+        || super.isIdempotentOperation();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E sync() throws TimeoutException {
+    E result = super.sync();
+    if (result != null && entity.isCacheable()) {
+      if (draft != null) {
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime(draft);
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
+        sessionOps.updateCache(result, bindFacetValues());
+      } else if (pojo != null) {
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) pojo);
+        sessionOps.updateCache(pojo, bindFacetValues());
+      } else {
+        sessionOps.cacheEvict(bindFacetValues());
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E sync(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
     if (uow == null) {
       return sync();
     }
     E result = super.sync(uow);
-		// TODO(gburd): Only drafted entity objects are updated in the cache at this
-		// time.
+    if (result != null) {
       if (draft != null) {
-			updateCache(uow, result, getFacets());
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime(draft);
+      }
+      if (entity != null && MapExportable.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getMappingInterface())) {
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) result);
+        cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
+      } else if (pojo != null) {
+        adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) pojo);
+        cacheUpdate(uow, (E) pojo, bindFacetValues());
+        return (E) pojo;
+      }
     }
     return result;
   }
+
+  public E batch(UnitOfWork uow) throws TimeoutException {
+    if (uow == null) {
+      throw new HelenusException("UnitOfWork cannot be null when batching operations.");
+    }
+
+    final E result;
+    if (draft != null) {
+      result = draft.build();
+      adjustTtlAndWriteTime(draft);
+    } else if (pojo != null) {
+      result = (E) pojo;
+      adjustTtlAndWriteTime((MapExportable) pojo);
+    } else {
+      result = null;
+    }
+
+    if (result != null) {
+      cacheUpdate(uow, result, bindFacetValues());
+      uow.batch(this);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    return sync(uow);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<Facet> bindFacetValues() {
+    List<Facet> facets = bindFacetValues(entity.getFacets());
+    facets.addAll(
+        assignments
+            .values()
+            .stream()
+            .distinct()
+            .filter(o -> o != null)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList()));
+    return facets;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<Facet> getFacets() {
+    if (entity != null) {
+      return entity.getFacets();
+    } else {
+      return new ArrayList<Facet>();
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/DefaultPrimitiveTypes.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,13 +20,17 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 public enum DefaultPrimitiveTypes {
-	BOOLEAN(boolean.class, false), BYTE(byte.class, (byte) 0x0), CHAR(char.class, (char) 0x0), SHORT(short.class,
-			(short) 0), INT(int.class, 0), LONG(long.class, 0L), FLOAT(float.class, 0.0f), DOUBLE(double.class, 0.0);
+  BOOLEAN(boolean.class, false),
+  BYTE(byte.class, (byte) 0x0),
+  CHAR(char.class, (char) 0x0),
+  SHORT(short.class, (short) 0),
+  INT(int.class, 0),
+  LONG(long.class, 0L),
+  FLOAT(float.class, 0.0f),
+  DOUBLE(double.class, 0.0);
 
-	private final Class<?> primitiveClass;
-	private final Object defaultValue;
-
-	private static final Map<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes> map = new HashMap<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes>();
+  private static final Map<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes> map =
+      new HashMap<Class<?>, DefaultPrimitiveTypes>();
 
   static {
     for (DefaultPrimitiveTypes type : DefaultPrimitiveTypes.values()) {
@@ -33,6 +38,9 @@ public enum DefaultPrimitiveTypes {
     }
   }
 
+  private final Class<?> primitiveClass;
+  private final Object defaultValue;
+
   private DefaultPrimitiveTypes(Class<?> primitiveClass, Object defaultValue) {
     this.primitiveClass = primitiveClass;
     this.defaultValue = defaultValue;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/Drafted.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,4 +23,6 @@ public interface Drafted<T> extends MapExportable {
   Set<String> mutated();
 
   T build();
+
+  Set<String> read();
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/DslExportable.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 
 public interface DslExportable {

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/DslInvocationHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,15 +16,14 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
-
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusMappingEntity;
@@ -36,20 +36,19 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
 public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 
+  private final Class<E> iface;
+  private final ClassLoader classLoader;
+  private final Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent;
+  private final Map<Method, HelenusProperty> map = new HashMap<Method, HelenusProperty>();
+  private final Map<Method, Object> udtMap = new HashMap<Method, Object>();
+  private final Map<Method, Object> tupleMap = new HashMap<Method, Object>();
   private HelenusEntity entity = null;
   private Metadata metadata = null;
 
-	private final Class<E> iface;
-	private final ClassLoader classLoader;
-
-	private final Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent;
-
-	private final Map<Method, HelenusProperty> map = new HashMap<Method, HelenusProperty>();
-
-	private final Map<Method, Object> udtMap = new HashMap<Method, Object>();
-	private final Map<Method, Object> tupleMap = new HashMap<Method, Object>();
-
-	public DslInvocationHandler(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
+  public DslInvocationHandler(
+      Class<E> iface,
+      ClassLoader classLoader,
+      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
       Metadata metadata) {
 
     this.metadata = metadata;
@@ -67,8 +66,9 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 
   private HelenusEntity init(Metadata metadata) {
     HelenusEntity entity = new HelenusMappingEntity(iface, metadata);
-
-		for (HelenusProperty prop : entity.getOrderedProperties()) {
+    Collection<HelenusProperty> properties = entity.getOrderedProperties();
+    if (properties != null) {
+      for (HelenusProperty prop : properties) {
 
         map.put(prop.getGetterMethod(), prop);
 
@@ -77,7 +77,11 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 
         if (type instanceof UDTDataType && !UDTValue.class.isAssignableFrom(javaType)) {
 
-				Object childDsl = Helenus.dsl(javaType, classLoader, Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)),
+          Object childDsl =
+              Helenus.dsl(
+                  javaType,
+                  classLoader,
+                  Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)),
                   metadata);
 
           udtMap.put(prop.getGetterMethod(), childDsl);
@@ -86,15 +90,21 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
         if (type instanceof DTDataType) {
           DTDataType dataType = (DTDataType) type;
 
-				if (dataType.getDataType() instanceof TupleType && !TupleValue.class.isAssignableFrom(javaType)) {
+          if (dataType.getDataType() instanceof TupleType
+              && !TupleValue.class.isAssignableFrom(javaType)) {
 
-					Object childDsl = Helenus.dsl(javaType, classLoader,
-							Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)), metadata);
+            Object childDsl =
+                Helenus.dsl(
+                    javaType,
+                    classLoader,
+                    Optional.of(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent)),
+                    metadata);
 
             tupleMap.put(prop.getGetterMethod(), childDsl);
           }
         }
       }
+    }
 
     return entity;
   }
@@ -116,7 +126,9 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
       return false;
     }
 
-		if (DslExportable.SET_METADATA_METHOD.equals(methodName) && args.length == 1 && args[0] instanceof Metadata) {
+    if (DslExportable.SET_METADATA_METHOD.equals(methodName)
+        && args.length == 1
+        && args[0] instanceof Metadata) {
       if (metadata == null) {
         this.setCassandraMetadataForHelenusSession((Metadata) args[0]);
       }
@@ -170,7 +182,7 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
         DataType dt = dataType.getDataType();
 
         switch (dt.getName()) {
-					case TUPLE :
+          case TUPLE:
             Object childDsl = tupleMap.get(method);
 
             if (childDsl != null) {
@@ -179,16 +191,16 @@ public class DslInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler {
 
             break;
 
-					case SET :
+          case SET:
             return new SetDsl(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent));
 
-					case LIST :
+          case LIST:
             return new ListDsl(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent));
 
-					case MAP :
+          case MAP:
             return new MapDsl(new HelenusPropertyNode(prop, parent));
 
-					default :
+          default:
             break;
         }
       }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/Entity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.helenus.core.reflect;
+
+import net.helenus.core.Getter;
+
+public interface Entity {
+  String WRITTEN_AT_METHOD = "writtenAt";
+  String TTL_OF_METHOD = "ttlOf";
+  String TOKEN_OF_METHOD = "tokenOf";
+
+    /**
+     * The write time for the property in question referenced by the getter.
+     *
+     * @param getter the property getter
+     * @return the timestamp associated with the property identified by the getter
+     */
+  default Long writtenAt(Getter getter) {
+    return 0L;
+  }
+
+    /**
+     * The write time for the property in question referenced by the property name.
+     *
+     * @param prop the name of a property in this entity
+     * @return the timestamp associated with the property identified by the property name if it exists
+     */
+  default Long writtenAt(String prop) {
+    return 0L;
+  };
+
+    /**
+     * The time-to-live for the property in question referenced by the getter.
+     *
+     * @param getter the property getter
+     * @return the time-to-live in seconds associated with the property identified by the getter
+     */
+  default Integer ttlOf(Getter getter) {
+    return 0;
+  };
+
+    /**
+     * The time-to-live for the property in question referenced by the property name.
+     *
+     * @param prop the name of a property in this entity
+     * @return the time-to-live in seconds associated with the property identified by the property name if it exists
+     */
+  default Integer ttlOf(String prop) {
+    return 0;
+  };
+
+    /**
+     * The token (partition identifier) for this entity which can change over time if
+     * the cluster grows or shrinks but should be stable otherwise.
+     *
+     * @return the token for the entity
+     */
+  default Long tokenOf() { return 0L; }
+}

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/HelenusNamedProperty.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,9 +20,7 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
-
 import net.helenus.core.SessionRepository;
 import net.helenus.mapping.*;
 import net.helenus.mapping.type.AbstractDataType;
@@ -65,6 +64,11 @@ public final class HelenusNamedProperty implements HelenusProperty {
     return false;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public boolean isIdempotent() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public Class<?> getJavaType() {
     throw new HelenusMappingException("will never called");

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/HelenusPropertyNode.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusEntity;
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ListDsl.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import java.util.*;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.DslPropertyException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/MapDsl.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.HelenusProperty;
 import net.helenus.support.DslPropertyException;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/MapExportable.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,10 +17,25 @@
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import net.helenus.core.Getter;
 
 public interface MapExportable {
-
-	public static final String TO_MAP_METHOD = "toMap";
+  String TO_MAP_METHOD = "toMap";
+  String TO_READ_SET_METHOD = "toReadSet";
+  String PUT_METHOD = "put";
 
   Map<String, Object> toMap();
+
+  default Map<String, Object> toMap(boolean mutable) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  default Set<String> toReadSet() {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  default void put(String key, Object value) {}
+
+  default <T> void put(Getter<T> getter, T value) {}
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/MapperInvocationHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,23 +16,32 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Map;
-
+import java.util.*;
+import net.helenus.core.Getter;
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
+import net.helenus.core.cache.CacheUtil;
+import net.helenus.mapping.MappingUtil;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.Transient;
+import net.helenus.mapping.value.ValueProviderMap;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusException;
 
 public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = -7044209982830584984L;
 
-	private final Map<String, Object> src;
+  private Map<String, Object> src;
+  private final Set<String> read = new HashSet<String>();
   private final Class<E> iface;
 
   public MapperInvocationHandler(Class<E> iface, Map<String, Object> src) {
@@ -47,18 +57,30 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
     // https://zeroturnaround.com/rebellabs/recognize-and-conquer-java-proxies-default-methods-and-method-handles/
 
     // First, we need an instance of a private inner-class found in MethodHandles.
-		Constructor<MethodHandles.Lookup> constructor = MethodHandles.Lookup.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class,
-				int.class);
+    Constructor<MethodHandles.Lookup> constructor =
+        MethodHandles.Lookup.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, int.class);
     constructor.setAccessible(true);
 
     // Now we need to lookup and invoke special the default method on the interface
     // class.
     final Class<?> declaringClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
-		Object result = constructor.newInstance(declaringClass, MethodHandles.Lookup.PRIVATE)
-				.unreflectSpecial(method, declaringClass).bindTo(proxy).invokeWithArguments(args);
+    Object result =
+        constructor
+            .newInstance(declaringClass, MethodHandles.Lookup.PRIVATE)
+            .unreflectSpecial(method, declaringClass)
+            .bindTo(proxy)
+            .invokeWithArguments(args);
     return result;
   }
 
+  private Object writeReplace() {
+    return new SerializationProxy<E>(this);
+  }
+
+  private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) throws InvalidObjectException {
+    throw new InvalidObjectException("Proxy required.");
+  }
+
   @Override
   public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
 
@@ -79,12 +101,96 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
           return true;
         }
       }
-			if (otherObj instanceof MapExportable && src.equals(((MapExportable) otherObj).toMap())) {
-				return true;
+      if (otherObj instanceof MapExportable) {
+        return MappingUtil.compareMaps((MapExportable) otherObj, src);
       }
       return false;
     }
 
+    if (MapExportable.PUT_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 2) {
+      final String key;
+      if (args[0] instanceof String) {
+        key = (String) args[0];
+      } else if (args[0] instanceof Getter) {
+        key = MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty((Getter) args[0]).getProperty().getPropertyName();
+      } else {
+        key = null;
+      }
+      if (key != null) {
+        final Object value = (Object) args[1];
+        if (src instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
+          this.src = fromValueProviderMap(src);
+        }
+        src.put(key, value);
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    if (Entity.WRITTEN_AT_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 1) {
+      final String key;
+      if (args[0] instanceof String) {
+        key = CacheUtil.writeTimeKey((String) args[0]);
+      } else if (args[0] instanceof Getter) {
+        Getter getter = (Getter) args[0];
+        key =
+            CacheUtil.writeTimeKey(
+                MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter)
+                    .getProperty()
+                    .getColumnName()
+                    .toCql(false));
+      } else {
+        return 0L;
+      }
+      Long v = (Long) src.get(key);
+      if (v != null) {
+        return v;
+      }
+      return 0L;
+    }
+
+    if (Entity.TOKEN_OF_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
+        Long v = (Long) src.get("");
+        if (v != null) {
+            return v;
+        }
+        return 0L;
+    }
+
+    if (Entity.TTL_OF_METHOD.equals(methodName) && method.getParameterCount() == 1) {
+      final String key;
+      if (args[0] instanceof String) {
+        key = CacheUtil.ttlKey((String) args[0]);
+      } else if (args[0] instanceof Getter) {
+        Getter getter = (Getter) args[0];
+        key =
+            CacheUtil.ttlKey(
+                MappingUtil.resolveMappingProperty(getter)
+                    .getProperty()
+                    .getColumnName()
+                    .toCql(false));
+      } else {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      int v[] = (int[]) src.get(key);
+      if (v != null) {
+        return v[0];
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (MapExportable.TO_MAP_METHOD.equals(methodName)) {
+      if (method.getParameterCount() == 1 && args[0] instanceof Boolean) {
+        if ((boolean) args[0] == true) {
+          return fromValueProviderMap(src, true);
+        }
+      }
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(src);
+    }
+
+    if (MapExportable.TO_READ_SET_METHOD.equals(methodName)) {
+      return read;
+    }
+
     if (method.getParameterCount() != 0 || method.getReturnType() == void.class) {
       throw new HelenusException("invalid getter method " + method);
     }
@@ -97,30 +203,33 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
       return iface.getSimpleName() + ": " + src.toString();
     }
 
+    if ("writeReplace".equals(methodName)) {
+      return new SerializationProxy(this);
+    }
+
+    if ("readObject".equals(methodName)) {
+      throw new InvalidObjectException("Proxy required.");
+    }
+
     if ("dsl".equals(methodName)) {
       return Helenus.dsl(iface);
     }
 
-		if (MapExportable.TO_MAP_METHOD.equals(methodName)) {
-			return Collections.unmodifiableMap(src);
-		}
-
-		Object value = src.get(methodName);
-
-		Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
+    final Object value = src.get(methodName);
+    read.add(methodName);
 
     if (value == null) {
 
+      Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
+
       // Default implementations of non-Transient methods in entities are the default
-			// value when the
-			// map contains 'null'.
+      // value when the map contains 'null'.
       if (method.isDefault()) {
         return invokeDefault(proxy, method, args);
       }
 
       // Otherwise, if the return type of the method is a primitive Java type then
-			// we'll return the standard
-			// default values to avoid a NPE in user code.
+      // we'll return the standard default values to avoid a NPE in user code.
       if (returnType.isPrimitive()) {
         DefaultPrimitiveTypes type = DefaultPrimitiveTypes.lookup(returnType);
         if (type == null) {
@@ -132,4 +241,54 @@ public class MapperInvocationHandler<E> implements InvocationHandler, Serializab
 
     return value;
   }
+
+  static Map<String, Object> fromValueProviderMap(Map v) {
+    return fromValueProviderMap(v, false);
+  }
+
+  static Map<String, Object> fromValueProviderMap(Map v, boolean mutable) {
+    if (v instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
+      Map<String, Object> m = new HashMap<String, Object>(v.size());
+      Set<String> keys = v.keySet();
+      for (String key : keys) {
+        Object value = v.get(key);
+        if (value != null && mutable) {
+          if (ImmutableList.class.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
+            m.put(key, new ArrayList((List) value));
+          } else if (ImmutableMap.class.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
+            m.put(key, new HashMap((Map) value));
+          } else if (ImmutableSet.class.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
+            m.put(key, new HashSet((Set) value));
+          } else {
+            m.put(key, value);
+          }
+        } else {
+          m.put(key, value);
+        }
+      }
+      return m;
+    }
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  static class SerializationProxy<E> implements Serializable {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5617583940055969353L;
+
+    private final Class<E> iface;
+    private final Map<String, Object> src;
+
+    public SerializationProxy(MapperInvocationHandler mapper) {
+      this.iface = mapper.iface;
+      if (mapper.src instanceof ValueProviderMap) {
+        this.src = fromValueProviderMap(mapper.src);
+      } else {
+        this.src = mapper.src;
+      }
+    }
+
+    Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
+      return new MapperInvocationHandler(iface, src);
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ReflectionDslInstantiator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,11 +16,9 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
 import java.util.Optional;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
-
 import net.helenus.core.DslInstantiator;
 
 public enum ReflectionDslInstantiator implements DslInstantiator {
@@ -27,10 +26,15 @@ public enum ReflectionDslInstantiator implements DslInstantiator {
 
   @Override
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public <E> E instantiate(Class<E> iface, ClassLoader classLoader, Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
+  public <E> E instantiate(
+      Class<E> iface,
+      ClassLoader classLoader,
+      Optional<HelenusPropertyNode> parent,
       Metadata metadata) {
-		DslInvocationHandler<E> handler = new DslInvocationHandler<E>(iface, classLoader, parent, metadata);
-		E proxy = (E) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[]{iface, DslExportable.class}, handler);
+    DslInvocationHandler<E> handler =
+        new DslInvocationHandler<E>(iface, classLoader, parent, metadata);
+    E proxy =
+        (E) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[] {iface, DslExportable.class}, handler);
     return proxy;
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ReflectionInstantiator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,8 +20,7 @@ import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class ReflectionInstantiator {
 
-	private ReflectionInstantiator() {
-	}
+  private ReflectionInstantiator() {}
 
   public static <T> T instantiateClass(Class<T> clazz) {
 

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/ReflectionMapperInstantiator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,9 +16,9 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
 import java.util.Map;
-
 import net.helenus.core.MapperInstantiator;
 
 public enum ReflectionMapperInstantiator implements MapperInstantiator {
@@ -28,7 +29,10 @@ public enum ReflectionMapperInstantiator implements MapperInstantiator {
   public <E> E instantiate(Class<E> iface, Map<String, Object> src, ClassLoader classLoader) {
 
     MapperInvocationHandler<E> handler = new MapperInvocationHandler<E>(iface, src);
-		E proxy = (E) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[]{iface, MapExportable.class}, handler);
+    E proxy =
+        (E)
+            Proxy.newProxyInstance(
+                classLoader, new Class[] {iface, MapExportable.class, Serializable.class}, handler);
     return proxy;
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/core/reflect/SetDsl.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ package net.helenus.core.reflect;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Set;
-
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
 
 public final class SetDsl<V> implements Set<V> {

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/ColumnInformation.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@
 package net.helenus.mapping;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.ClusteringColumn;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.Column;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.PartitionKey;
@@ -103,13 +103,21 @@ public final class ColumnInformation {
   private void ensureSingleColumnType(ColumnType columnTypeLocal, Method getter) {
 
     if (columnTypeLocal != ColumnType.COLUMN) {
-			throw new HelenusMappingException("property can be annotated only by a single column type " + getter);
+      throw new HelenusMappingException(
+          "property can be annotated only by a single column type " + getter);
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   public String toString() {
-		return "ColumnInformation [columnName=" + columnName + ", columnType=" + columnType + ", ordinal=" + ordinal
-				+ ", ordering=" + ordering + "]";
+    return "ColumnInformation [columnName="
+        + columnName
+        + ", columnType="
+        + columnType
+        + ", ordinal="
+        + ordinal
+        + ", ordering="
+        + ordering
+        + "]";
   }
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/ColumnType.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,5 +17,8 @@
 package net.helenus.mapping;
 
 public enum ColumnType {
-	PARTITION_KEY, CLUSTERING_COLUMN, STATIC_COLUMN, COLUMN;
+  PARTITION_KEY,
+  CLUSTERING_COLUMN,
+  STATIC_COLUMN,
+  COLUMN;
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/HelenusEntity.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ package net.helenus.mapping;
 
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
-
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 
 public interface HelenusEntity {
@@ -35,4 +35,6 @@ public interface HelenusEntity {
   HelenusProperty getProperty(String name);
 
   List<Facet> getFacets();
+
+  boolean isDraftable();
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/HelenusEntityType.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,5 +17,8 @@
 package net.helenus.mapping;
 
 public enum HelenusEntityType {
-	TABLE, VIEW, TUPLE, UDT;
+  TABLE,
+  VIEW,
+  TUPLE,
+  UDT;
 }

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/HelenusMappingEntity.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
  *
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -15,23 +16,23 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.mapping;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.*;
-
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
-
 import com.datastax.driver.core.DefaultMetadata;
 import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.*;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
 import net.helenus.config.HelenusSettings;
 import net.helenus.core.Helenus;
 import net.helenus.core.annotation.Cacheable;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.Facet;
 import net.helenus.core.cache.UnboundFacet;
 import net.helenus.mapping.annotation.*;
+import net.helenus.mapping.validator.DistinctValidator;
 import net.helenus.support.HelenusMappingException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 
 public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
   private final HelenusEntityType type;
   private final IdentityName name;
   private final boolean cacheable;
+  private final boolean draftable;
   private final ImmutableMap<String, Method> methods;
   private final ImmutableMap<String, HelenusProperty> props;
   private final ImmutableList<HelenusProperty> orderedProps;
@@ -66,7 +68,8 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
     }
 
     for (Class<?> c : ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(iface)) {
-			if (c.getDeclaredAnnotation(Table.class) != null || c.getDeclaredAnnotation(InheritedTable.class) != null) {
+      if (c.getDeclaredAnnotation(Table.class) != null
+          || c.getDeclaredAnnotation(InheritedTable.class) != null) {
         for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
           Method o = methods.get(m.getName());
           if (o != null) {
@@ -111,24 +114,60 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
     // Caching
     cacheable = (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(Cacheable.class));
 
+    // Draft
+    Class<?> draft;
+    try {
+      draft = Class.forName(iface.getName() + "$Draft");
+    } catch (Exception ignored) {
+      draft = null;
+    }
+    draftable = (draft != null);
+
+    // Materialized view
     List<HelenusProperty> primaryKeyProperties = new ArrayList<>();
     ImmutableList.Builder<Facet> facetsBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
+    if (iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(MaterializedView.class) == null) {
       facetsBuilder.add(new Facet("table", name.toCql()).setFixed());
+    } else {
+      facetsBuilder.add(
+          new Facet("table", Helenus.entity(iface.getInterfaces()[0]).getName().toCql())
+              .setFixed());
+    }
     for (HelenusProperty prop : orderedProps) {
       switch (prop.getColumnType()) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+        case PARTITION_KEY:
+        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
           primaryKeyProperties.add(prop);
           break;
-				default :
+        default:
           if (primaryKeyProperties != null && primaryKeyProperties.size() > 0) {
             facetsBuilder.add(new UnboundFacet(primaryKeyProperties));
             primaryKeyProperties = null;
           }
-					Optional<IdentityName> optionalIndexName = prop.getIndexName();
-					if (optionalIndexName.isPresent()) {
-						UnboundFacet facet = new UnboundFacet(prop);
+          for (ConstraintValidator<?, ?> constraint :
+              MappingUtil.getValidators(prop.getGetterMethod())) {
+            if (constraint instanceof DistinctValidator) {
+              DistinctValidator validator = (DistinctValidator) constraint;
+              String[] values = validator.constraintAnnotation.value();
+              UnboundFacet facet;
+              if (values != null && values.length >= 1 && !(StringUtils.isBlank(values[0]))) {
+                List<HelenusProperty> props = new ArrayList<HelenusProperty>(values.length + 1);
+                props.add(prop);
+                for (String value : values) {
+                  for (HelenusProperty p : orderedProps) {
+                    String name = p.getPropertyName();
+                    if (name.equals(value) && !name.equals(prop.getPropertyName())) {
+                      props.add(p);
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+                facet = new UnboundFacet(props, validator.alone(), validator.combined());
+              } else {
+                facet = new UnboundFacet(prop, validator.alone(), validator.combined());
+              }
               facetsBuilder.add(facet);
+              break;
+            }
           }
       }
     }
@@ -138,6 +177,43 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
     this.facets = facetsBuilder.build();
   }
 
+  private static IdentityName resolveName(Class<?> iface, HelenusEntityType type) {
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case TABLE:
+        return MappingUtil.getTableName(iface, true);
+
+      case VIEW:
+        return MappingUtil.getViewName(iface, true);
+
+      case TUPLE:
+        return IdentityName.of(MappingUtil.getDefaultEntityName(iface), false);
+
+      case UDT:
+        return MappingUtil.getUserDefinedTypeName(iface, true);
+    }
+
+    throw new HelenusMappingException("invalid entity type " + type + " in " + type);
+  }
+
+  private static HelenusEntityType autoDetectType(Class<?> iface) {
+
+    Objects.requireNonNull(iface, "empty iface");
+
+    if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(Table.class)) {
+      return HelenusEntityType.TABLE;
+    } else if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(MaterializedView.class)) {
+      return HelenusEntityType.VIEW;
+    } else if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(Tuple.class)) {
+      return HelenusEntityType.TUPLE;
+    } else if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(UDT.class)) {
+      return HelenusEntityType.UDT;
+    }
+
+    throw new HelenusMappingException(
+        "entity must be annotated by @Table or @Tuple or @UserDefinedType " + iface);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public HelenusEntityType getType() {
     return type;
@@ -148,6 +224,11 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
     return cacheable;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDraftable() {
+    return draftable;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public Class<?> getMappingInterface() {
     return iface;
@@ -178,54 +259,18 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
     return name;
   }
 
-	private static IdentityName resolveName(Class<?> iface, HelenusEntityType type) {
-
-		switch (type) {
-			case TABLE :
-				return MappingUtil.getTableName(iface, true);
-
-			case VIEW :
-				return MappingUtil.getViewName(iface, true);
-
-			case TUPLE :
-				return IdentityName.of(MappingUtil.getDefaultEntityName(iface), false);
-
-			case UDT :
-				return MappingUtil.getUserDefinedTypeName(iface, true);
-		}
-
-		throw new HelenusMappingException("invalid entity type " + type + " in " + type);
-	}
-
-	private static HelenusEntityType autoDetectType(Class<?> iface) {
-
-		Objects.requireNonNull(iface, "empty iface");
-
-		if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(Table.class)) {
-			return HelenusEntityType.TABLE;
-		} else if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(MaterializedView.class)) {
-			return HelenusEntityType.VIEW;
-		} else if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(Tuple.class)) {
-			return HelenusEntityType.TUPLE;
-		} else if (null != iface.getDeclaredAnnotation(UDT.class)) {
-			return HelenusEntityType.UDT;
-		}
-
-		throw new HelenusMappingException("entity must be annotated by @Table or @Tuple or @UserDefinedType " + iface);
-	}
-
   private void validateOrdinals() {
 
     switch (getType()) {
-			case TABLE :
+      case TABLE:
         validateOrdinalsForTable();
         break;
 
-			case TUPLE :
+      case TUPLE:
         validateOrdinalsInTuple();
         break;
 
-			default :
+      default:
         break;
     }
   }
@@ -242,24 +287,29 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
       int ordinal = prop.getOrdinal();
 
       switch (type) {
-				case PARTITION_KEY :
+        case PARTITION_KEY:
           if (partitionKeys.get(ordinal)) {
             throw new HelenusMappingException(
-								"detected two or more partition key columns with the same ordinal " + ordinal + " in "
+                "detected two or more partition key columns with the same ordinal "
+                    + ordinal
+                    + " in "
                     + prop.getEntity());
           }
           partitionKeys.set(ordinal);
           break;
 
-				case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+        case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
           if (clusteringColumns.get(ordinal)) {
-						throw new HelenusMappingException("detected two or clustering columns with the same ordinal "
-								+ ordinal + " in " + prop.getEntity());
+            throw new HelenusMappingException(
+                "detected two or clustering columns with the same ordinal "
+                    + ordinal
+                    + " in "
+                    + prop.getEntity());
           }
           clusteringColumns.set(ordinal);
           break;
 
-				default :
+        default:
           break;
       }
     }
@@ -268,17 +318,27 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
   private void validateOrdinalsInTuple() {
     boolean[] ordinals = new boolean[props.size()];
 
-		getOrderedProperties().forEach(p -> {
+    getOrderedProperties()
+        .forEach(
+            p -> {
               int ordinal = p.getOrdinal();
 
               if (ordinal < 0 || ordinal >= ordinals.length) {
-				throw new HelenusMappingException("invalid ordinal " + ordinal + " found for property "
-						+ p.getPropertyName() + " in " + p.getEntity());
+                throw new HelenusMappingException(
+                    "invalid ordinal "
+                        + ordinal
+                        + " found for property "
+                        + p.getPropertyName()
+                        + " in "
+                        + p.getEntity());
               }
 
               if (ordinals[ordinal]) {
                 throw new HelenusMappingException(
-						"detected two or more properties with the same ordinal " + ordinal + " in " + p.getEntity());
+                    "detected two or more properties with the same ordinal "
+                        + ordinal
+                        + " in "
+                        + p.getEntity());
               }
 
               ordinals[ordinal] = true;
@@ -295,8 +355,12 @@ public final class HelenusMappingEntity implements HelenusEntity {
   public String toString() {
 
     StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
-		str.append(iface.getSimpleName()).append("(").append(name.getName()).append(") ")
-				.append(type.name().toLowerCase()).append(":\n");
+    str.append(iface.getSimpleName())
+        .append("(")
+        .append(name.getName())
+        .append(") ")
+        .append(type.name().toLowerCase())
+        .append(":\n");
 
     for (HelenusProperty prop : getOrderedProperties()) {
       str.append(prop.toString());

src/main/java/net/helenus/mapping/HelenusMappingProperty.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Helenus Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015 The Casser Authors
+ *      Copyright (C) 2015-2018 The Helenus Authors
  *
  *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,16 +16,13 @@
  */
 package net.helenus.mapping;
 
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
-
-import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
-
 import net.helenus.core.SessionRepository;
 import net.helenus.mapping.javatype.AbstractJavaType;
 import net.helenus.mapping.javatype.MappingJavaTypes;
@@ -38,6 +36,7 @@ public final class HelenusMappingProperty implements HelenusProperty {
   private final String propertyName;
   private final Optional<IdentityName> indexName;
   private final boolean caseSensitiveIndex;
+  private final boolean idempotent;
 
   private final ColumnInformation columnInfo;
 
@@ -45,12 +44,10 @@ public final class HelenusMappingProperty implements HelenusProperty {
   private final Class<?> javaType;
   private final AbstractJavaType abstractJavaType;
   private final AbstractDataType dataType;
-
+  private final ConstraintValidator<? extends Annotation, ?>[] validators;
   private volatile Optional<Function<Object, Object>> readConverter = null;
   private volatile Optional<Function<Object, Object>> writeConverter = null;
 
-	private final ConstraintValidator<? extends Annotation, ?>[] validators;
-
   public HelenusMappingProperty(HelenusMappingEntity entity, Method getter, Metadata metadata) {
     this.entity = entity;
     this.getter = getter;
@@ -61,12 +58,22 @@ public final class HelenusMappingProperty implements HelenusProperty {
 
     this.columnInfo = new ColumnInformation(getter);
 
+    switch (this.columnInfo.getColumnType()) {
+      case PARTITION_KEY:
+      case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
+        this.idempotent = true;
+        break;
+      default:
+        this.idempotent = MappingUtil.idempotent(getter);
+    }
+
     this.genericJavaType = getter.getGenericReturnType();
     this.javaType = getter.getReturnType();
     this.abstractJavaType = MappingJavaTypes.resolveJavaType(this.javaType);
 
-		this.dataType = abstractJavaType.resolveDataType(this.getter, this.genericJavaType,
-				this.columnInfo.getColumnType(), metadata);
+    this.dataType =
+        abstractJavaType.resolveDataType(
+            this.getter, this.genericJavaType, this.columnInfo.getColumnType(), metadata);
 
     this.validators = MappingUtil.getValidators(getter);
   }
@@ -116,6 +123,11 @@ public final class HelenusMappingProperty implements HelenusProperty {
     return caseSensitiveIndex;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public boolean isIdempotent() {
+    return idempotent;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public String getPropertyName() {
     return propertyName;
@@ -170,13 +182,13 @@ public final class HelenusMappingProperty implements HelenusProperty {
     ColumnType type = this.getColumnType();
 
     switch (type) {
-			case PARTITION_KEY :
+      case PARTITION_KEY:
         str.append("partition_key[");
         str.append(this.getOrdinal());
         str.append("] ");
         break;
 
-			case CLUSTERING_COLUMN :
+      case CLUSTERING_COLUMN:
         str.append("clustering_column[");
         str.append(this.getOrdinal());
         str.append("] ");
@@ -186,11 +198,11 @@ public final class HelenusMappingProperty implements HelenusProperty {
         }
         break;
 
-			case STATIC_COLUMN :
+      case STATIC_COLUMN:
         str.append("static ");
         break;
 
-			case COLUMN :
+      case COLUMN:
         break;
     }