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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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<title>Opening Foreign Key Indices</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="gettingStarted.css" type="text/css" />
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2" />
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<link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Berkeley DB Java Edition Collections Tutorial" />
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<link rel="up" href="UsingSecondaries.html" title="Chapter 3. Using Secondary Indices and Foreign keys" />
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<link rel="prev" href="UsingSecondaries.html" title="Chapter 3. Using Secondary Indices and Foreign keys" />
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<link rel="next" href="indexedcollections.html" title="Creating Indexed Collections" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div xmlns="" class="navheader">
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<div class="libver">
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<p>Library Version 12.2.7.5</p>
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</div>
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<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">
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<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Opening Foreign Key Indices</span>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="UsingSecondaries.html">Prev</a> </td>
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<th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3.
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Using Secondary Indices<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> and Foreign keys</span>
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</th>
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<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="indexedcollections.html">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr />
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</div>
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<div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage">
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<div>
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<div>
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<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="openingforeignkeys"></a>
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<span>Opening Foreign Key Indices</span>
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</h2>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>
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This section builds on the prior section describing secondary
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key indices to show how to open foreign key indices. A <span class="emphasis"><em>foreign
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key index</em></span> is a secondary key index that also provides integrity
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constraints. When the primary key of a record in one database is
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embedded in the value of a record in another database, integrity
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constraints ensure that the record in the first database exists,
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i.e, that there are no "dangling pointers". In this example the
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Shipment's PartNumber and SupplierNumber fields will be used as
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foreign keys.
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</p>
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<p>
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When a foreign key index is defined, an "delete action"
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parameter is specified. This parameter determines what action is
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taken by the
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<span>Berkeley DB Java Edition</span>
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API when the record is deleted to
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which a foreign key refers. For example, consider what happens to a
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Shipment record when a Part or Supplier record that is referred to
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by that Shipment is deleted. There are three possibilities.
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</p>
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<div class="itemizedlist">
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<ul type="disc">
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<li>
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<p>
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/ForeignKeyDeleteAction.html#ABORT" target="_top">ForeignKeyDeleteAction.ABORT</a>
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specifies that the transaction should be aborted by throwing an
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exception. The effect is that deleting a Part or Supplier that is
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referred to by one or more Shipments will not be possible. The
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<span>Berkeley DB Java Edition</span>
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will automatically throw a
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/DatabaseException.html" target="_top">DatabaseException</a>,
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which should normally cause the transaction to be aborted during
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exception processing. This is the default delete action if none is
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specified.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/ForeignKeyDeleteAction.html#NULLIFY" target="_top">ForeignKeyDeleteAction.NULLIFY</a>
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specifies that the Part or Supplier Number field in the Shipment
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record should be cleared, or set to a null or empty value. The
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effect is that the deleted Part or Supplier will no longer be
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referenced by any Shipment record. This option applies when the
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foreign key field is optional, i.e, when the application allows it
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to be set to a null or empty value. When using this option, the
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application must implement the <code class="methodname">nullifyForeignKey()</code>
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method of the
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/ForeignKeyNullifier.html" target="_top">ForeignKeyNullifier</a>
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interface.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/ForeignKeyDeleteAction.html#CASCADE" target="_top">ForeignKeyDeleteAction.CASCADE</a>
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specifies that the Shipment record should be deleted also. The
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effect is that deleting a Part or Supplier will delete all
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Shipments for that Part or Supplier. This option applies when the
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deleted record is considered the "parent" or "owner" of the record
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containing the foreign key, and is used in this example. Since
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deleting the Shipment record could cause other deletions if other
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records contain the foreign key of the Shipment, and so on, the
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term "cascade" is used to describe the effect.
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<p>
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The <code class="classname">SampleDatabase</code> class is extended to open the
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Shipment-by-Part and Shipment-by-Supplier secondary key
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indices.
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</p>
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<a id="index_je_sampledatabase1"></a>
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<pre class="programlisting"><strong class="userinput"><code>import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialSerialKeyCreator;
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import com.sleepycat.je.ForeignKeyDeleteAction;
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import com.sleepycat.je.SecondaryConfig;
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import com.sleepycat.je.SecondaryDatabase;</code></strong>
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...
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public class SampleDatabase
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{
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...
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<strong class="userinput"><code> private static final String SHIPMENT_PART_INDEX =
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"shipment_part_index";
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private static final String SHIPMENT_SUPPLIER_INDEX =
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"shipment_supplier_index";
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...
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private SecondaryDatabase shipmentByPartDb;
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private SecondaryDatabase shipmentBySupplierDb;
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...</code></strong>
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public SampleDatabase(String homeDirectory)
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throws DatabaseException, FileNotFoundException
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{
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...
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SecondaryConfig secConfig = new SecondaryConfig();
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secConfig.setTransactional(true);
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secConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
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secConfig.setSortedDuplicates(true);
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...
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<strong class="userinput"><code> secConfig.setForeignKeyDatabase(partDb);
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secConfig.setForeignKeyDeleteAction(
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ForeignKeyDeleteAction.CASCADE);
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secConfig.setKeyCreator(
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new ShipmentByPartKeyCreator(javaCatalog,
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ShipmentKey.class,
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ShipmentData.class,
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PartKey.class));
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shipmentByPartDb = env.openSecondaryDatabase(null,
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SHIPMENT_PART_INDEX,
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shipmentDb,
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secConfig);
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secConfig.setForeignKeyDatabase(supplierDb);
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secConfig.setForeignKeyDeleteAction(
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ForeignKeyDeleteAction.CASCADE);
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secConfig.setKeyCreator(
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new ShipmentBySupplierKeyCreator(javaCatalog,
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ShipmentKey.class,
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ShipmentData.class,
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SupplierKey.class));
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shipmentBySupplierDb = env.openSecondaryDatabase(null,
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SHIPMENT_SUPPLIER_INDEX,
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shipmentDb,
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secConfig);</code></strong>
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...
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}
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} </pre>
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<p>
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If you compare these statements for opening foreign key indices
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to the statements used in the previous section for opening a
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secondary index, you'll notice that the only significant difference
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is that the <code class="methodname">setForeignKeyDatabase()</code>
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and
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<code class="methodname">setForeignKeyDeleteAction()</code> methods are called.
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<code class="methodname">setForeignKeyDatabase()</code> specifies the foreign database that
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contains the records to which the foreign keys refer; this
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configures the secondary database as a foreign key index.
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<code class="methodname">setForeignKeyDeleteAction()</code> specifies the delete action.
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</p>
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<p>
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The application-defined <code class="classname">ShipmentByPartKeyCreator</code>
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and <code class="classname">ShipmentBySupplierKeyCreator</code> classes are shown below. They
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were used above to configure the secondary database objects.
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</p>
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<a id="index_shipmentbypartkeycreator"></a>
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<pre class="programlisting">public class SampleDatabase
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{
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...
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<strong class="userinput"><code> private static class ShipmentByPartKeyCreator
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extends SerialSerialKeyCreator
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{
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private ShipmentByPartKeyCreator(ClassCatalog catalog,
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Class primaryKeyClass,
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Class valueClass,
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Class indexKeyClass)
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{
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super(catalog, primaryKeyClass, valueClass, indexKeyClass);
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}
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public Object createSecondaryKey(Object primaryKeyInput,
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Object valueInput)
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{
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ShipmentKey shipmentKey = (ShipmentKey) primaryKeyInput;
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return new PartKey(shipmentKey.getPartNumber());
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}
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}
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private static class ShipmentBySupplierKeyCreator
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extends SerialSerialKeyCreator
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{
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private ShipmentBySupplierKeyCreator(ClassCatalog catalog,
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Class primaryKeyClass,
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Class valueClass,
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Class indexKeyClass)
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{
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super(catalog, primaryKeyClass, valueClass, indexKeyClass);
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}
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public Object createSecondaryKey(Object primaryKeyInput,
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Object valueInput)
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{
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ShipmentKey shipmentKey = (ShipmentKey) primaryKeyInput;
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return new SupplierKey(shipmentKey.getSupplierNumber());
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}
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}</code></strong>
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...
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} </pre>
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<p>
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The key creator classes above are almost identical to the one
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defined in the previous section for use with a secondary index. The
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index key fields are different, of course, but the interesting
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difference is that the index keys are extracted from the key, not
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the value, of the Shipment record. This illustrates that an index
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key may be derived from the primary database record key, value, or
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both.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note that the
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/bind/serial/SerialSerialKeyCreator.html#nullifyForeignKey" target="_top">SerialSerialKeyCreator.nullifyForeignKey</a>
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method is not
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overridden above. This is because
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/ForeignKeyDeleteAction.html#NULLIFY" target="_top">ForeignKeyDeleteAction.NULLIFY</a>
|
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|
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|
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was not used when creating the
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<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/SecondaryDatabase.html" target="_top">SecondaryDatabase</a>
|
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|
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|
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objects. If it were used, implementing the <code class="methodname">nullifyForeignKey()</code>
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methods would be needed to set the part number and supplier number
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to null in the Shipment key. But record keys cannot be changed! And
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in fact, the primary key is not passed to the
|
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<code class="methodname">SerialSerialKeyCreator.nullifyForeignKey()</code> method, only the
|
|||
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primary value is passed. Therefore, if a foreign index key is
|
|||
|
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derived from the primary key,
|
|||
|
|
<a class="ulink" href="../../java/com/sleepycat/je/ForeignKeyDeleteAction.html#NULLIFY" target="_top">ForeignKeyDeleteAction.NULLIFY</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
may not be used.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>
|
|||
|
|
The following getter methods return the secondary database
|
|||
|
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objects for use by other classes in the example program.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="index_sampledatabasegetters"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<pre class="programlisting">public class SampleDatabase
|
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|
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{
|
|||
|
|
...
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|
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<strong class="userinput"><code> public final SecondaryDatabase getShipmentByPartDatabase()
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{
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|||
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return shipmentByPartDb;
|
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|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
public final SecondaryDatabase getShipmentBySupplierDatabase()
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|
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{
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return shipmentBySupplierDb;
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|
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}</code></strong>
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|||
|
|
...
|
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|
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} </pre>
|
|||
|
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<p>
|
|||
|
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The following statements close the secondary databases.
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|||
|
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</p>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="index_close2"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<pre class="programlisting">public class SampleDatabase
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
...
|
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|
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public void close()
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|
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throws DatabaseException {
|
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|
|
|
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|
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supplierByCityDb.close();
|
|||
|
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<strong class="userinput"><code> shipmentByPartDb.close();
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|
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shipmentBySupplierDb.close();</code></strong>
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|
|
partDb.close();
|
|||
|
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supplierDb.close();
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|||
|
|
shipmentDb.close();
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|||
|
|
javaCatalog.close();
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|
|
env.close();
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|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
...
|
|||
|
|
} </pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>
|
|||
|
|
Secondary databases must be closed before closing their
|
|||
|
|
associated primary database.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="navfooter">
|
|||
|
|
<hr />
|
|||
|
|
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="UsingSecondaries.html">Prev</a> </td>
|
|||
|
|
<td width="20%" align="center">
|
|||
|
|
<a accesskey="u" href="UsingSecondaries.html">Up</a>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="indexedcollections.html">Next</a></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 3.
|
|||
|
|
Using Secondary Indices<span> and Foreign keys</span>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td width="20%" align="center">
|
|||
|
|
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">
|
|||
|
|
Creating Indexed Collections
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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