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128 lines
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HTML
128 lines
6 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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<title>Terminology</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="gettingStarted.css" type="text/css" />
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2" />
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<link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Berkeley DB Programmer's Reference Guide" />
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<link rel="up" href="transapp.html" title="Chapter 11. Berkeley DB Transactional Data Store Applications" />
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<link rel="prev" href="transapp_why.html" title="Why transactions?" />
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<link rel="next" href="transapp_fail.html" title="Handling failure in Transactional Data Store applications" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div xmlns="" class="navheader">
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<div class="libver">
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<p>Library Version 11.2.5.3</p>
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</div>
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<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Terminology</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="transapp_why.html">Prev</a> </td>
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<th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 11.
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Berkeley DB Transactional Data Store Applications
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</th>
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<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="transapp_fail.html">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr />
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</div>
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<div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage">
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<div>
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<div>
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<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="transapp_term"></a>Terminology</h2>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>Here are some definitions that will be helpful in understanding
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transactions:</p>
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<div class="variablelist">
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">Thread of control</span>
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</dt>
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<dd>Berkeley DB is indifferent to the type or style of threads being used by the
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application; or, for that matter, if threads are being used at all —
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because Berkeley DB supports multiprocess access. In the Berkeley DB documentation,
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any time we refer to a <span class="emphasis"><em>thread of control</em></span>, it can be read as
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a true thread (one of many in an application's address space) or a
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process.</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">Free-threaded</span>
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</dt>
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<dd>A Berkeley DB handle that can be used by multiple threads simultaneously
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without any application-level synchronization is called
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<span class="emphasis"><em>free-threaded</em></span>.</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">Transaction</span>
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</dt>
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<dd>A <span class="emphasis"><em>transaction</em></span> is a one or more operations on one or more
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databases that should be treated as a single unit of work. For example,
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changes to a set of databases, in which either all of the changes must be
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applied to the database(s) or none of them should. Applications specify
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when each transaction starts, what database operations are included in
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it, and when it ends.</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">Transaction abort/commit</span>
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</dt>
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<dd>Every transaction ends by <span class="emphasis"><em>committing</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>aborting</em></span>.
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If a transaction commits, Berkeley DB guarantees that any database changes
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included in the transaction will never be lost, even after system or
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application failure. If a transaction aborts, or is uncommitted when
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the system or application fails, then the changes involved will never
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appear in the database.</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">System or application failure</span>
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</dt>
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<dd><span class="emphasis"><em>System or application failure</em></span> is the phrase we use to
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describe something bad happening near your data. It can be an
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application dumping core, being interrupted by a signal, the disk
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filling up, or the entire system crashing. In any case, for whatever
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reason, the application can no longer make forward progress, and its
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databases are left in an unknown state.</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">Recovery</span>
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</dt>
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<dd><span class="emphasis"><em>Recovery</em></span> is what makes the database consistent after a system
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or application failure. The recovery process includes review of log
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files and databases to ensure that the changes from each committed
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transaction appear in the database, and that no changes from an
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unfinished (or aborted) transaction do. Whenever system or application
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failure occurs, applications must usually run recovery.</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term">Deadlock</span>
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</dt>
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<dd><span class="emphasis"><em>Deadlock</em></span>, in its simplest form, happens when one thread of
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control owns resource A, but needs resource B; while another thread of
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control owns resource B, but needs resource A. Neither thread of
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control can make progress, and so one has to give up and release all
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its resources, at which time the remaining thread of control can make
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forward progress.</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="navfooter">
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<hr />
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<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
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<tr>
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<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="transapp_why.html">Prev</a> </td>
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<td width="20%" align="center">
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<a accesskey="u" href="transapp.html">Up</a>
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</td>
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<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="transapp_fail.html">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Why transactions? </td>
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<td width="20%" align="center">
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<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
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</td>
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<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Handling failure in Transactional Data Store applications</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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