com.sleepycat.persist.model

Annotation Type SecondaryKey

@Documented
 @Retention(value=RUNTIME)
 @Target(value=FIELD)
public @interface SecondaryKey

Indicates a secondary key field of an entity class. The value of the secondary key field is a unique or non-unique identifier for the entity and is accessed via a SecondaryIndex.

SecondaryKey may appear on any number of fields in an entity class, subclasses and superclasses. For a secondary key field in the entity class or one of its superclasses, all entity instances will be indexed by that field (if it is non-null). For a secondary key field in an entity subclass, only instances of that subclass will be indexed by that field (if it is non-null).

If a secondary key field is null, the entity will not be indexed by that key. In other words, the entity cannot be queried by that secondary key nor can the entity be found by iterating through the secondary index.

For a given entity class and its superclasses and subclasses, no two secondary keys may have the same name. By default, the field name identifies the secondary key and the secondary index for a given entity class. name() may be specified to override this default.

Using relate(), instances of the entity class are related to secondary keys in a many-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many, or one-to-one relationship. This required property specifies the cardinality of each side of the relationship.

A secondary key may optionally be used to form a relationship with instances of another entity class using relatedEntity() and onRelatedEntityDelete(). This establishes foreign key constraints for the secondary key.

The secondary key field type must be a Set, Collection or array type when a x-to-many relationship is used or a singular type when an x-to-one relationship is used; see relate().

The field type (or element type, when a Set, Collection or array type is used) of a secondary key field must follow the same rules as for a primary key type. The key sort order is also the same.

For a secondary key field with a collection type, a type parameter must be used to specify the element type. For example Collection<String> is allowed but Collection is not.

Author:

Mark Hayes

Required Element Summary

Required Elements

Modifier and Type	Required Element and Description
Relationship	relate Defines the relationship between instances of the entity class and the secondary keys.

Optional Element Summary

Optional Elements

Modifier and Type	Optional Element and Description
java.lang.String	name Specifies the name of the key in order to use a name that is different than the field name.
DeleteAction	onRelatedEntityDelete Specifies the action to take when a related entity is deleted having a primary key value that exists as a secondary key value for this entity.
java.lang.Class	relatedEntity Specifies the entity to which this entity is related, for establishing foreign key constraints.

Element Detail

relate

public abstract Relationship relate

Defines the relationship between instances of the entity class and the secondary keys.

The table below summarizes how to create all four variations of relationships.

Relationship	Field type	Key type	Example
Relationship.ONE_TO_ONE	Singular	Unique	A person record with a unique social security number key.
Relationship.MANY_TO_ONE	Singular	Duplicates	A person record with a non-unique employer key.
Relationship.ONE_TO_MANY	Set/Collection/array	Unique	A person record with multiple unique email address keys.
Relationship.MANY_TO_MANY	Set/Collection/array	Duplicates	A person record with multiple non-unique organization keys.

For a many-to-x relationship, the secondary index will have non-unique keys; in other words, duplicates will be allowed. Conversely, for one-to-x relationship, the secondary index will have unique keys.

For a x-to-one relationship, the secondary key field is singular; in other words, it may not be a Set, Collection or array type. Conversely, for a x-to-many relationship, the secondary key field must be a Set, Collection or array type. A collection type is any implementation of Collection.

For a x-to-many relationship, the field type should normally be Set (or a subtype of this interface). This accurately expresses the fact that an Entity may not have two identical secondary keys. For flexibility, a Collection (or a subtype of this interface) or an array type may also be used. In that case, any duplicate key values in the Collection or array are ignored.

Returns:

the Relationship.

relatedEntity

public abstract java.lang.Class relatedEntity

Specifies the entity to which this entity is related, for establishing foreign key constraints. Values of this secondary key will be constrained to the set of primary key values for the given entity class.

The given class must be an entity class. This class is called the related entity or foreign entity.

When a related entity class is specified, a check (foreign key constraint) is made every time a new secondary key value is stored for this entity, and every time a related entity is deleted.

Whenever a new secondary key value is stored for this entity, it is checked to ensure it exists as a primary key value of the related entity. If it does not, an exception is thrown by the PrimaryIndex put method. On BDB JE, a ForeignConstraintException will be thrown.

Whenever a related entity is deleted and its primary key value exists as a secondary key value for this entity, the action is taken that is specified using the onRelatedEntityDelete() property.

Together, these two checks guarantee that a secondary key value for this entity will always exist as a primary key value for the related entity. Note, however, that a transactional store must be configured to guarantee this to be true in the face of a crash; see StoreConfig.setTransactional(boolean).

Returns:

the related entity class, or void.class if none is specified.

Default:

void.class

onRelatedEntityDelete

public abstract DeleteAction onRelatedEntityDelete

Specifies the action to take when a related entity is deleted having a primary key value that exists as a secondary key value for this entity.

Note: This property only applies when relatedEntity() is specified to define the related entity.

The default action, ABORT, means that an exception is thrown in order to abort the current transaction. On BDB JE, a DeleteConstraintException is thrown.

If CASCADE is specified, then this entity will be deleted also. This in turn could trigger further deletions, causing a cascading effect.

If NULLIFY is specified, then the secondary key in this entity is set to null and this entity is updated. If the key field type is singular, the field value is set to null; therefore, to specify NULLIFY for a singular key field type, a primitive wrapper type must be used instead of a primitive type. If the key field type is an array or collection type, the key is deleted from the array (the array is resized) or from the collection (using Collection.remove).

Returns:

the DeleteAction, or DeleteAction.ABORT if none is specified.

Default:

com.sleepycat.persist.model.DeleteAction.ABORT

name

public abstract java.lang.String name

Specifies the name of the key in order to use a name that is different than the field name.

This is convenient when prefixes or suffices are used on field names. For example:

  class Person {
      @SecondaryKey(relate=MANY_TO_ONE, relatedEntity=Person.class, name="parentSsn")
      String m_parentSsn;
  }

It can also be used to uniquely name a key when multiple secondary keys for a single entity class have the same field name. For example, an entity class and its subclass may both have a field named 'date', and both fields are used as secondary keys. The name property can be specified for one or both fields to give each key a unique name.

Returns:

the key name that overrides the field name, or empty string if none is specified.

Default:

""