xv6/proc.c

#include "types.h"
#include "defs.h"
#include "param.h"
#include "mmu.h"
#include "x86.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "spinlock.h"

struct spinlock proc_table_lock;

struct proc proc[NPROC];
static struct proc *initproc;

int nextpid = 1;
extern void forkret(void);
extern void forkret1(struct trapframe*);

void
pinit(void)
{
  initlock(&proc_table_lock, "proc_table");
}

// Look in the process table for an UNUSED proc.
// If found, change state to EMBRYO and return it.
// Otherwise return 0.
static struct proc*
allocproc(void)
{
  int i;
  struct proc *p;

  acquire(&proc_table_lock);
  for(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++){
    p = &proc[i];
    if(p->state == UNUSED){
      p->state = EMBRYO;
      p->pid = nextpid++;
      goto found;
    }
  }
  release(&proc_table_lock);
  return 0;

found:
  release(&proc_table_lock);

  // Allocate kernel stack if necessary.
  if((p->kstack = kalloc(KSTACKSIZE)) == 0){
    p->state = UNUSED;
    return 0;
  }
  p->tf = (struct trapframe*)(p->kstack + KSTACKSIZE) - 1;

  // Set up new context to start executing at forkret (see below).
  p->context = (struct context *)p->tf - 1;
  memset(p->context, 0, sizeof(*p->context));
  p->context->eip = (uint)forkret;
  return p;
}

// Grow current process's memory by n bytes.
// Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
int
growproc(int n)
{
  char *newmem;

  newmem = kalloc(cp->sz + n);
  if(newmem == 0)
    return -1;
  memmove(newmem, cp->mem, cp->sz);
  memset(newmem + cp->sz, 0, n);
  kfree(cp->mem, cp->sz);
  cp->mem = newmem;
  cp->sz += n;
  usegment();
  return 0;
}

// Set up CPU's kernel segment descriptors.
void
ksegment(void)
{
  struct cpu *c1;

  c1 = &cpus[cpu()];
  c1->gdt[0] = SEG_NULL;
  c1->gdt[SEG_KCODE] = SEG(STA_X|STA_R, 0, 0x100000 + 64*1024-1, 0);
  c1->gdt[SEG_KDATA] = SEG(STA_W, 0, 0xffffffff, 0);
  c1->gdt[SEG_KCPU] = SEG(STA_W, (uint)&c1->tls+sizeof(c1->tls), 0xffffffff, 0);
  c1->gdt[SEG_UCODE] = SEG_NULL;
  c1->gdt[SEG_UDATA] = SEG_NULL;
  c1->gdt[SEG_TSS] = SEG_NULL;
  lgdt(c1->gdt, sizeof(c1->gdt));
  
  // Initialize cpu-local variables.
  setgs(SEG_KCPU << 3);
  c = c1;
  cp = 0;
}

// Set up CPU's segment descriptors and task state for the current process.
// If cp==0, set up for "idle" state for when scheduler() is running.
void
usegment(void)
{
  pushcli();
  c->ts.ss0 = SEG_KDATA << 3;
  if(cp)
    c->ts.esp0 = (uint)(cp->kstack + KSTACKSIZE);
  else
    c->ts.esp0 = 0xffffffff;

  if(cp){
    c->gdt[SEG_UCODE] = SEG(STA_X|STA_R, (uint)cp->mem, cp->sz-1, DPL_USER);
    c->gdt[SEG_UDATA] = SEG(STA_W, (uint)cp->mem, cp->sz-1, DPL_USER);
  } else {
    c->gdt[SEG_UCODE] = SEG_NULL;
    c->gdt[SEG_UDATA] = SEG_NULL;
  }
  c->gdt[SEG_TSS] = SEG16(STS_T32A, (uint)&c->ts, sizeof(c->ts)-1, 0);
  c->gdt[SEG_TSS].s = 0;

  lgdt(c->gdt, sizeof(c->gdt));
  ltr(SEG_TSS << 3);
  popcli();
}

// Create a new process copying p as the parent.
// Sets up stack to return as if from system call.
// Caller must set state of returned proc to RUNNABLE.
struct proc*
copyproc(struct proc *p)
{
  int i;
  struct proc *np;

  // Allocate process.
  if((np = allocproc()) == 0)
    return 0;

  // Copy process state from p.
  np->sz = p->sz;
  if((np->mem = kalloc(np->sz)) == 0){
    kfree(np->kstack, KSTACKSIZE);
    np->kstack = 0;
    np->state = UNUSED;
    return 0;
  }
  memmove(np->mem, p->mem, np->sz);
  np->parent = p;
  *np->tf = *p->tf;

  for(i = 0; i < NOFILE; i++)
    if(p->ofile[i])
      np->ofile[i] = filedup(p->ofile[i]);
  np->cwd = idup(p->cwd);

  return np;
}

// Set up first user process.
void
userinit(void)
{
  struct proc *p;
  extern uchar _binary_initcode_start[], _binary_initcode_size[];
  
  p = allocproc();
  initproc = p;

  // Initialize memory from initcode.S
  p->sz = PAGE;
  p->mem = kalloc(p->sz);
  memmove(p->mem, _binary_initcode_start, (int)_binary_initcode_size);

  memset(p->tf, 0, sizeof(*p->tf));
  p->tf->cs = (SEG_UCODE << 3) | DPL_USER;
  p->tf->ds = (SEG_UDATA << 3) | DPL_USER;
  p->tf->es = p->tf->ds;
  p->tf->ss = p->tf->ds;
  p->tf->eflags = FL_IF;
  p->tf->esp = p->sz;
  p->tf->eip = 0;  // beginning of initcode.S

  safestrcpy(p->name, "initcode", sizeof(p->name));
  p->cwd = namei("/");

  p->state = RUNNABLE;
}

//PAGEBREAK: 42
// Per-CPU process scheduler.
// Each CPU calls scheduler() after setting itself up.
// Scheduler never returns.  It loops, doing:
//  - choose a process to run
//  - swtch to start running that process
//  - eventually that process transfers control
//      via swtch back to the scheduler.
void
scheduler(void)
{
  struct proc *p;
  int i;

  for(;;){
    // Enable interrupts on this processor, in lieu of saving intena.
    sti();

    // Loop over process table looking for process to run.
    acquire(&proc_table_lock);
    for(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++){
      p = &proc[i];
      if(p->state != RUNNABLE)
        continue;

      // Switch to chosen process.  It is the process's job
      // to release proc_table_lock and then reacquire it
      // before jumping back to us.
      cp = p;
      usegment();
      p->state = RUNNING;
      swtch(&c->context, &p->context);

      // Process is done running for now.
      // It should have changed its p->state before coming back.
      cp = 0;
      usegment();
    }
    release(&proc_table_lock);

  }
}

// Enter scheduler.  Must already hold proc_table_lock
// and have changed cp->state.
void
sched(void)
{
  int intena;

  if(readeflags()&FL_IF)
    panic("sched interruptible");
  if(cp->state == RUNNING)
    panic("sched running");
  if(!holding(&proc_table_lock))
    panic("sched proc_table_lock");
  if(c->ncli != 1)
    panic("sched locks");

  intena = c->intena;
  swtch(&cp->context, &c->context);
  c->intena = intena;
}

// Give up the CPU for one scheduling round.
void
yield(void)
{
  acquire(&proc_table_lock);
  cp->state = RUNNABLE;
  sched();
  release(&proc_table_lock);
}

// A fork child's very first scheduling by scheduler()
// will swtch here.  "Return" to user space.
void
forkret(void)
{
  // Still holding proc_table_lock from scheduler.
  release(&proc_table_lock);

  // Jump into assembly, never to return.
  forkret1(cp->tf);
}

// Atomically release lock and sleep on chan.
// Reacquires lock when reawakened.
void
sleep(void *chan, struct spinlock *lk)
{
  if(cp == 0)
    panic("sleep");

  if(lk == 0)
    panic("sleep without lk");

  // Must acquire proc_table_lock in order to
  // change p->state and then call sched.
  // Once we hold proc_table_lock, we can be
  // guaranteed that we won't miss any wakeup
  // (wakeup runs with proc_table_lock locked),
  // so it's okay to release lk.
  if(lk != &proc_table_lock){
    acquire(&proc_table_lock);
    release(lk);
  }

  // Go to sleep.
  cp->chan = chan;
  cp->state = SLEEPING;
  sched();

  // Tidy up.
  cp->chan = 0;

  // Reacquire original lock.
  if(lk != &proc_table_lock){
    release(&proc_table_lock);
    acquire(lk);
  }
}

//PAGEBREAK!
// Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.
// Proc_table_lock must be held.
static void
wakeup1(void *chan)
{
  struct proc *p;

  for(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++)
    if(p->state == SLEEPING && p->chan == chan)
      p->state = RUNNABLE;
}

// Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.
void
wakeup(void *chan)
{
  acquire(&proc_table_lock);
  wakeup1(chan);
  release(&proc_table_lock);
}

// Kill the process with the given pid.
// Process won't actually exit until it returns
// to user space (see trap in trap.c).
int
kill(int pid)
{
  struct proc *p;

  acquire(&proc_table_lock);
  for(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++){
    if(p->pid == pid){
      p->killed = 1;
      // Wake process from sleep if necessary.
      if(p->state == SLEEPING)
        p->state = RUNNABLE;
      release(&proc_table_lock);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  release(&proc_table_lock);
  return -1;
}

// Exit the current process.  Does not return.
// Exited processes remain in the zombie state
// until their parent calls wait() to find out they exited.
void
exit(void)
{
  struct proc *p;
  int fd;

  if(cp == initproc)
    panic("init exiting");

  // Close all open files.
  for(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++){
    if(cp->ofile[fd]){
      fileclose(cp->ofile[fd]);
      cp->ofile[fd] = 0;
    }
  }

  iput(cp->cwd);
  cp->cwd = 0;

  acquire(&proc_table_lock);

  // Parent might be sleeping in wait().
  wakeup1(cp->parent);

  // Pass abandoned children to init.
  for(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++){
    if(p->parent == cp){
      p->parent = initproc;
      if(p->state == ZOMBIE)
        wakeup1(initproc);
    }
  }

  // Jump into the scheduler, never to return.
  cp->killed = 0;
  cp->state = ZOMBIE;
  sched();
  panic("zombie exit");
}

// Wait for a child process to exit and return its pid.
// Return -1 if this process has no children.
int
wait(void)
{
  struct proc *p;
  int i, havekids, pid;

  acquire(&proc_table_lock);
  for(;;){
    // Scan through table looking for zombie children.
    havekids = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++){
      p = &proc[i];
      if(p->state == UNUSED)
        continue;
      if(p->parent == cp){
        havekids = 1;
        if(p->state == ZOMBIE){
          // Found one.
          kfree(p->mem, p->sz);
          kfree(p->kstack, KSTACKSIZE);
          pid = p->pid;
          p->state = UNUSED;
          p->pid = 0;
          p->parent = 0;
          p->name[0] = 0;
          release(&proc_table_lock);
          return pid;
        }
      }
    }

    // No point waiting if we don't have any children.
    if(!havekids || cp->killed){
      release(&proc_table_lock);
      return -1;
    }

    // Wait for children to exit.  (See wakeup1 call in proc_exit.)
    sleep(cp, &proc_table_lock);
  }
}

// Print a process listing to console.  For debugging.
// Runs when user types ^P on console.
// No lock to avoid wedging a stuck machine further.
void
procdump(void)
{
  static char *states[] = {
  [UNUSED]    "unused",
  [EMBRYO]    "embryo",
  [SLEEPING]  "sleep ",
  [RUNNABLE]  "runble",
  [RUNNING]   "run   ",
  [ZOMBIE]    "zombie"
  };
  int i, j;
  struct proc *p;
  char *state;
  uint pc[10];
  
  for(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++){
    p = &proc[i];
    if(p->state == UNUSED)
      continue;
    if(p->state >= 0 && p->state < NELEM(states) && states[p->state])
      state = states[p->state];
    else
      state = "???";
    cprintf("%d %s %s", p->pid, state, p->name);
    if(p->state == SLEEPING){
      getcallerpcs((uint*)p->context->ebp+2, pc);
      for(j=0; j<10 && pc[j] != 0; j++)
        cprintf(" %p", pc[j]);
    }
    cprintf("\n");
  }
}